Hazardous Waste for Final Disposal

8/14/2019 Hazardous Waste for Final Disposal

1/69

Trade, Environment and Development

UNCTAD

Mo dule 5

Mul tila teral Envir onm ent al Agreements
http://www.unfccc.de/issues/technology.html


2/69

q Tran sboun da ry and gl oba l envir onmenta lprobl ems (e .g . cl ima te chan ge, ozo nedepleti on, los s of b iodi versi ty) are ofint erna ti ona l concern

q Dev el oping coun tri es ar e vul nera bl e tothe eff ects of s uch p robl ems , eventhough t hey h ave no t cont ri bu tedsig nif ica nt ly to th em

q Ad dr essi ng tr ansb ounda ry a nd gl oba lenvi ronmenta l p robl ems requi resint erna ti ona l coopera tion

TrainforTrade: Trade, Environment and Development

Bac kg ro und [1]


3/69

q Ad just ment costs h ave to be a llocat edbetween P art ies on th e ba si s of thepri nc ipl e of com mon bu t di ff erenti at edresponsi bil it ies (Prin cip le 7 of th e Rio Decl arati on) .

q Mul ti latera l envi ronmenta l a gre ement s(MEAs ) a re the pr eferred ins trument

q Viet Na m can deri ve import an t benefi tsiet Na m can deri ve import an t benefi tsfrom pa rt icip ati on i n MEAsrom pa rt icip ati on i n MEAs

q Viet Na m pa rt icip ates in a ll ma jo r MEAsiet Na m pa rt icip ates in a ll ma jo r MEAs


Bac kg ro und [2]


4/69

q There ha s bee n consi dera bl e deb at e onthe p ol icy in st rument s used to achievethe obj ecti ves of MEA s: The r elati ons hip b etween t rad e

mea sures pu rsu an t to MEAs a nd t hepr ovis ions of t he mul ti lat era l tra di ngsystem

The t rade and economic ef fec ts ofpol icy in str ument s used in MEAs


Bac kg ro und [3]


5/69

q To ra ise a war eness of g lob alenvi ronmenta l i ssues an d mult ila teralapproa ches t o a ddress t hese p robl emsq To ra ise a war eness of s upp orti veins tru me nt s ava il abl e und er M EAs, suchas fi na nce , technol ogy a nd capa cit y-buil dingq To pr omot e domest ic p oli cy co-o rdi na tionq To promote the eff ecti ve pa rt ici pa tion inthe furt her deve lopme nt of MEAs and thework of the Conferenc es of Part ies

(CoPs )


Obj ectiv es of this mo du le


6/69


7/69

Key ME As: o bj ectiv es an dpolic y i nstru ments

TrainforTrade 2000: Trade, Environment and Development


8/69

Th e Co nve nti on on Int ern at ional Trade inEnd an ger ed Spe cies of Wi ld lif e an d Fl ora(CIT ES)

Th e Base l Conven tion on the Co ntrol o fTr ansbo un dar y Move men t of Ha zar dous Wa st esan d th ei r Disp osa l

Th e Mo ntre al Pr otoco l on Sub st an ces th atDeplete the Ozone Layer (MP)

Th e Co nve nti on on Biologi cal Di ve rsit y (C BD)an d th e Car tag en a Bi osaf ety Pr otoco l (C P) Th e UN Fr amewo rk Co nve ntio n on Cli mat e

Ch an ge (UNFCC ) an d its Kyo to Pr otoco l


Selec ted MEAs


9/69

Ob je cti ves:q Prot ect w il dl ife a ga instover-ex pl oit ati onq Preve nt in terna tional tra defrom thr eatening s pec ieswit h exti ncti on

http ://www.ci tes. org/in dex .h tmlttp ://www.ci tes. org/in dex .h tml


CITES (197 3)


10/69

q Ap pendi x I i nclud es a ll sp ec ies t hr eatenedwit h exti ncti on whi ch a re or ma y beaff ec ted b y t ra de Trad e is sub ject to pa rt icula rl y s trictregu la tion

q Ap pendi x II includ es s pec ies t ha t ma ybecome th reat ened wi th ex ti ncti on unl esstra de is s ubject to st ri ct re gul at ion Trad e is regul ated by export p ermit s


CITES tra de mea su re s


11/69

q Ap pendi x II I co vers s pec ies ident if ied b yan in di vid ua l Pa rty as being s ubject toregul at ion w it hi n i ts juri sd ict ion and forwhi ch it reques ts the co op erat ion of ot he rPart ies in t he contr ol of tr ade


CITES tra de mea su re s


12/69

q

Admi nis tr ati ve projec ts Fu ndi ng for p art icipat ion in CO Ps or othe r

mee tin gs ; Tech ni cal as sis ta nce (e .g. , sup port in the

deve lo pme nt of CIT ES- re la ted le gi sl at io n) Train ing

q Species p roje ct s Fu ndi ng for s cie nt if ic resea rch rel at ed to apar ticu la r an ima l or pla nt spe cie s


CI TE S suppo rti ve meas ure s


13/69

q Stri ctl y r egul at es t he t ran sboun da rymoveme nt s of ha zardous wa stesq Part ies are obl iged to ensure tha t s uchwast es a re man ag ed and d ispos ed of inan envir onme nta ll y sound ma nn er

htt p://www.b ase l. int


Base l Conve ntio n


14/69

q Arti cle 4 .1 (a) - Al lows Par ti es to ba nimport s of ha zardous was teq Arti cle 4 .1 (b) - Pr ohib it s ex port s to Par ti estha t ha ve b an ned impor t of wa st esq Arti cle 4 .1 (c) - pr ohib it s ex port of w ast eswit hout wri tten cons ent of i mp orti ngcount ryq Arti cle 4 .2 (e) - pr ohib it s ex port of w ast ebelieved not to be man ag ed i nanenvi ronment al ly sou nd ma nner in theimport ing co untr y


Base l Co nve nti on : tr ade m eas ur es


15/69


16/69

q COP 2: Amendment t o t he B aselConv ent ion (19 95) ba ns movem ent ofha za rdous w ast e for f ina l d is posa l and f orrecove ry f rom Annex VII count ri es(Pa rti es a nd ot her S ta tes w hi ch aremembers of the OECD , EC, L iec ht enst ein) Am end me nt ha s to be r at ifi ed b y 6 2 ( )Part ies; 26 ha ve a lr eady d one so

q COP4 : Annex es V II I and IX cl ari fydefini tion of ha zard ous wa st e


The B ase l ban


17/69

q Basel Decl ar at ion on Envi ronmenta llySoun d Ma na geme nt Move f rom r egul atory sys tem to

cap acity bu il di ngq Prot ocol on Lia bi lit y a nd C omp ensa ti on

for Da ma ge r esult ing fr om T ra ns boun da ryMovements of Hazard ous Wast es a ndtheir D is posa l See nex t s li de


Rece nt devel opm ents


18/69

q Regi me f or l iab il ity an d compens ati on f orda ma ge resul ti ng f rom t ran sbound arymove ment of w ast es, i nclu din g in cidentsoc cur ri ng becaus e of ill egal tr affi c

q At COP 6, P art ies a gr eed to re-eva lua te th efi na nci al l imit s to st ri ct li abi li ty in thi sProt ocol: th is ma y reduce in cent ives forwas te reduct ion


Liabi l ity Pr otoc ol


19/69

q No sp eci f ic f in an cia l me cha nism t o facil i ta tetech no lo gy tran sf erq Reg ional a nd sub -reg io nal ce nt res for tra in ingan d te chn ology tran sf er Focal points for capacity building Funding not gauranteed

q Limit ed funds for cap aci ty bu ild in gq Pa rt ies agr eed to p rov id e US$300, 000 per ye arove r a thr ee- ye ar per iod (200 0- 2002 ) t o in it iat e

act iv it ies for th e imp le men tat ion of the Bas elDe cla ra tio n of 1999


Base l Co nve nt io n: suppor tive meas ures


20/69

The Mont real P rotocol on Sub sta ncesth at Dep lete t he O zone La ye ras a dj ust ed a nd /or ame nd ed in

Lond on 1 990Copenh age n 1 992

Vienna 1 995Mont rea l 1997Beijing 1999

Trainf orTrade:Trade, En vi ronm entan d Develop ment

Mo ntre al Protoco l (MP)


21/69

q Cont rol of t ra de in OD S wi th non p ar ti esq Cont rol of t ra de in OD S prod uc ts w it hnon- pa rt iesq Trad e among Par ti es i s ind ir ectl yconst ra int by OD S prod uc tion a ndconsump tion li mit sq It was dec ided at MOP V t ha t i t was not

feasibl e t o b an or res tri ct tra de i nproduct s ma de wit h, but not cont aini ngcontr oll ed s ubs tances. TrainforTrade: Trade, Environment and Development

Mo ntre al Protoco l (MP)


22/69

Cr ea te d b y London Amen dmen t, Art icle 10 Ha s di sb urs ed ne ar ly US$1 b ill ion t o

120 dev el opin g co un trie s for inst it utio nalst ren gt hen ing, tra in ing, pr oject pre pa rat io n andimp le men tat ion of invest me nt project s

Th e Fu nd has t he o bl igat ion to mee t al l theag reed in cr eme nta l co sts of deve lo pi ngcount ries fo r impl emen tin g t he cont rol meas ure s

In di cat ive li st of agr ee d incre men tal co st s Fu nd ing su ppo rt has focus ed mo re on phasi ng

out OD S th an on sup porti ng product ion ofTrainforTrade: Trade, Environment and Development

MP: Mu lti later al F un d


23/69

Ob je cti vesq The cons erva ti on of bi ol ogica l di ve rsi tyq The sus ta ina bl e use of i ts component sq The fa ir and equ it abl e sh ar ing of t hebenefit s ar is in g out of th e ut il iza ti on ofgenetic r esource sht tp ://w ww.b iodi v.org /


Convent ion on B iologi cal D ive rsi tyCB D


24/69

q No expli cit re fere nce t o t rad e me asuresq Ar ti cle 8 (j): P rotect ion of knowl edge,innova tions and p ra ct ices of i nd ig enousand l oc al communi ti es ( tra di tiona lknowledg e , T K)q Ar ti cle 1 5: A ccess and benefi t sh ar ingr ti cle 1 5: A ccess and benefi t sh ar ing

(ABS)AB S) su bje ct t o p ri or i nf ormed consent(PIC)


CBD: som e key pro visi ons


25/69

q Fi na nc ial s upp ort (Ar ticles 20 and 21)q Tran sf er of technolog y ( Art icles 1 6and 1 9)q Ca paci ty bui ldi ng (Ar ticles 12 and 18)q Mar ke t i ncenti ves (Art icles 1 0 and 11)


CBD: su ppo rtive me asu res


26/69

Ob je cti vesq To ens ure an a dequ at e l evel of p rotec tionin th e fi eld of sa fe t rans fer, ha ndl ing andus e of Livi ng Mod if ied Org anis ms (LM Os)tha t ma y have ad verse ef fec ts on t heconserva tion and sus ta ina bl e us e ofbiol ogica l di versi ty, t aking i nt o a cc ountris ks to huma n he althht tp ://w ww.b iodi v.org /bi osa fet y/t tp ://w ww.b iodi v.org /bi osa fet y/


a rta gena Proto col on Biosa fety (2000 )


27/69

q Trad e and envir onment agreeme nt sshould b e mut ua lly sup port iveq The Pr otoco l d oe s n ot impl y a cha nge inthe r ig hts a nd ob li ga tions of a Pa rt y

un der exist ing in terna tiona l ag ree ment s(incl udi ng the WTO) ; a ndq The int ent i s not to su bord ina te th eProt ocol to oth er i nt erna ti ona lagre ement s


Bi osa fety protocol : P rea mbl e


28/69

q LMO s int ended for int roducti on int o t heenvi ronment, su ch as see ds andmicroorganisms The se can m ut ate , mi gr ate an d mu lt ipl y, an dmay th eref ore p ose unexp ect ed thr ea ts tonat ive speci es Sub ject to AIA (see ne xt sli de)

q LMO -FF Ps: LMOs t ha t are i nt ended fordir ect us e as food or f eed , or forproce ss in g The se in clu de co mmo diti es su ch as ge ne tica ll ymo dif ied co rn, soy, whe at , can ola an dTrainforTrade: Trade, Environment and Development

Bio sa fety proto col: Co ver age


29/69

q Ar tci cle 7 l ays down A IA p roce du res tha tmus t b e fol lowed, pr ior t o t he f ir stint ent ion al t ran sboun da ry move ment ofLMO s for in tent iona l i nt rodu ction in to t heenvi ronment of th e Pa rty of i mp ort

q The p ur pose i s t o ensu re th at rec ipientcount ri es ha ve t he op port uni ty to a ss essthe risk s tha t ma y be a ssoc iated wit h theLMO b efore agr eein g to it s import

q LMO -FF Ps and 4 ot her categor ies of LMOsare n ot sub jec t t o A IATrainforTrade: Trade, Environment and Development

Adva nced Info rmed Agr eemen t (AIA)


30/69

Ar ticl e 8: Exp orti ng par ty (or expo rter) sh allnotif y th e co mpe te nt n ati onal aut hority of theimp ortin g pr ior to th e firs t inte nti onaltra nsbo un dar y mo veme nt of an LMO

Ar ticl e 10 : Deci sio ns ta ke n by the Par ty ofimp ort sh al l be in acco rda nce wit h the ris kass essme nt under Ar ticl e 15

Ar ticl e 26 : Par tie s may ta ke i nto acco unt so cio -eco nomi c consi der at ions such as the value ofbiological diversity to its indigenous and

local communities in reaching a decision on

import of LMOs


Pr acti ca l a ppl ica ti on o f AI A


31/69

Ar ticl e 1 (Obje ctive) : the object ive of thePr otoco l is to be pu rsu ed i n a cco rdan ce withthe pr ecauti onar y app roach co ntai ned inPr inci pl e 15 of the Ri o Decla rat io n..


Preca utio nary a pp ro ach [1]


32/69

Ar ticl e 10 , par ag rap h 6 : la ck of scien tif iccerta in ty du e to insu fficient rel ev an t scie nti ficin forma tio n an d kn owl ed ge reg ar din g th e ext en tof the poten tia l adv er se ef fects o f a LMO on theconser va ti on and su st ai nab le use of bi olo gi caldi ve rsit y in the Pa rt y of impo rt , taki ng als o in toacco unt risks to hu ma n heal th , sh al l not pre ve nttha t P ar ty fro m ta ki ng a de cisi on, asap pr opr ia te, wit h re gar d to the imp ort of theLMO in qu est ion, in orde r to av oid or mi ni mi zesu ch poten tial ad ver se ef fect s


Preca utio nary a pp ro ach [2]


33/69

Ca n a W TO M emb er r efuse impor t ofLMO s? The precau ti ona ry pr inci ple Relat ionshi p to WTO Is sues to be d ealt wi th in th e fut ur e Doc ument ati on of LMO -FF P Iss ue of li abi lit y


Ke y i ssue s


34/69

LMO s int ended for int roducti on int o t heenvi ronment

Sub ject to AIA Pr oced ure (faci li tat ed thro ug ha ce nt ral cle ar ing house me cha nism) Res po nsi bil iti es re st on exp ortin g pa rty :

notif icat ion an d po ssib le bur den of proof tosh ow har ml ess n atu re o f the LMO and toco ndu ct an d fin ance ri sk asse ssmen t


Can impo rt s of LMOs be r efused? [1]


35/69

LMO- FFP s Shipme nt s o f co mmo dit ies that co ntai n, or ma y

contain LMO-EPPs must be identified as such inacco mp an yi ng docu men tat io n

Such in forma ti on ma y be usef ul to co untr iesen act ing do mest ic l abe ll in g sch emes Details still have to be worked out Expo rter s o f LMOs fea r they have to seg reg at e

LMO an d non-LMO co mmo diti es or to l abe l allcommo di tie s as may co ntai n LMO -FFPs Mi ami Group: seg reg at ion i s not cu rr entl y

fea sib le


Can impo rt s of LMOs be r efused? [2]


36/69

Mi ami -Group (Ar gen tin a, Aus tr al ia, Ca na da , theUni ted Stat es an d U rugu ay )

Exp orte rs of LMO s Ha d opp ose d inc lusi on o f LMO- FFPs arg uing

that these do not pose a threat tobio diver si ty

Canada and United States contested EU plansto im po se man dat ory lab el li ng


Positions


37/69

Like -Min ded Group (mo st dev el opin g co un trie s) Need for a strong protocol It is impo ssib le to en su re that LMO -FFPswo uld not be int roduced into the en vi ronmen t Pr otoco l sh ould tak e acco unt of human hea lt h

risks Need to p rotect co untr ies wi thout ade qu atereg ulat ory or in st itu tional cap acit y to

ef fect iv el y han dle LMO impo rts TrainforTrade: Trade, Environment and Development

Positions


38/69

The P rotoco l p romotes interna ti onal co-opera tion to hel p de veloping count riesbu il d th e hu man resou rc es andins ti tut ion al ca pa cit y t o use b iot echnol ogysaf ely an d to regul ate it eff icient ly


Suppo rt ive m eas ures


39/69

q Fra me work" f or f ut ure a ct ion, int endedto s ta bil ize and reduce t he emi ssi ons ofgree nh ouse g ase s, the pri ma ry caus e ofcl ima te chang e

q The UNFCCC d oes not d ir ectl y rw gul ate orrestrict tradeq How ever, actions of count ri esimpl em ent ing th e UNFCCC could h ave

sig nif icant t ra de imp li cat ionshttp ://www.u nfccc .de/


UNFCCC


40/69

q Arti cle 1 1: Es tab li shes a fin anc ialmechan is m ( wh ich is t he GEF) to pr ov idefin an cial resour ces, incl udi ng for t hetra ns fer of t ec hn ology


UNFCC C- suppo rt ive measures


41/69

q Sets qua nt if ied emiss ion l imi ta ti on andreduc tion co mmit me nts f or indu st ri ali zed or"Annex I" count ri es (deve loped coun tr iesand Cent ra l a nd Ea st ern Europ eancount ri es with economies in tra ns iti on)

q Dev el oping coun tri es ar e not req uir ed t olimi t t heir emis si onsht tp ://w ww.un fcc c.de/r esource /convkp .htmlt tp ://w ww.un fcc c.de/r esource /convkp .html


Kyoto Pr otoc ol


42/69

Repr esent the wi dest use of ma rket-ba sed inst ruments of all MEAsq Ar ticle 6 J oin t Imp le men tat ion

(proje ct s bet wee n Annex I cou ntr ie s to help me et a Part y scom mit men ts)q Ar tic le 12 Cl ea n Dev el opm en tMech an ism (CD M)q Ar tic le 17 Em iss io ns Trad ing

http ://www.u nfccc.d e/is su es/mech an isms. ht ml


Th ree fl ex ib il ity me cha nisms


43/69

Role o f tr ad e measu res an dsu pp orti ve meas ur es



44/69

q To cont rol t ra de in , a nd res tri ct ma rketsfor, prod uc ts that may co nst it ut e a h ealthand /or envir onme nt al ri sk or th at areun sus ta ina bl y p roduced

q To pr event fr ee-r id ing ( wh ereby n on-parti cip an ts enjoy t he a dvan ta ges of th eMEA w it hout i ncurr in g it s cos ts ) andpromote w ide p arti cip at ion byenco ura gi ng govern ment s to join and/ orcompl y w it h the MEA


Obj ec ti ves of tra de me asu re s


45/69

q To ens ure the effec tiveness of an MEA bypreve nt ing lea ka ge the s it ua ti on wherenon participants increase their emissionsor ot he rwi se u nsus tai na bl e p ra ctices, as aresul t of t he cont rol mea sures tak en bysig na tor ies


Obj ec ti ves of tra de me asu re s


46/69

q Taki ng in to acco unt t he com mon bu tdif ferent ia ted resp onsi bi li ties of Sta tesand d if fi cul ties th at deve lopi ng co untr iesma y encount er in implementi ng a n MEA,severa l mea sur es h ave be en inc luded i nthe a gre ement s or d evel oped over theyea rs t o a ss is t deve lopi ng co untr ies

q Su ch meas ures inc lud e tr ansf er of fi na nceand t ec hnol ogy, technica l ass is ta nce a ndca pa city b uil ding


Po si ti ve o r ena bli ng mea su res


47/69

Tra de m eas ures an dthe WTO provisions



48/69

There is b roa d sup port f or MEAs Trad e me asures pl ay a si gni fi cant rol e in

some M EAs There ha s b ee n no chal leng e und er t he

WTO agai nst tr ade meas ures tak enpu rs ua nt to MEA s

Many WTO Members b elieve t ha t Ar ti cleXX of GAT T (see Mo dule 2) is suff icien t t oresolve a ny pr oblems


Bac kg ro und of the d ebate [1]


49/69

Many beli eve na tiona l coordi na ti on an dconsul tati ons betw een th e sec retari ats ofWTO and MEA s wi ll be s uff ici ent to avoi dconfl ict s

Some b eli eve t ha t confl icts ar eneve rthe less not ex clu de d. T he y poin t outtha t the Ch il e/EU di sp ute on s wor dfi shalmo st resu lt ed i n a confl ict


Bac kg ro und of the d ebate [2]


50/69

EU compl ain t in WTO Ch il e pr esented the case to the sp ecia lcha mber of IFT LOS (International Tribunal ofthe Law of the Seas in Ha mbu rg, Germa ny) In th e li gh t of an ami cable a rr an gement,IT LOS ha s su spended p roc eedin gs (un til 1Jan uar y 2 004)

Gehr in g, M., Susta inabl e develop ment angl es to t hesword fi sh di spute , Br id ges , N o. 7 , Vo l. 5 ( Se ptemb er2001) , p p. 13-14)


Swo rdfi shChi lea n mea su re pr ohi bit ing EU vess elsto ent er Chi lea n p ort s


51/69

Ini ti all y dis cussi ons focused on: Status Quo Ex-ante approach (en vi ronmen tal win dow) Ame ndmen t of pa ra gr ap h (b) of A rticle XX In trodu ct ion o f newp ar ag rap h (k ) o f Ar ticl e 20 Authoritative interpretation of Article XX by

the WT O Gene ral Co uncil Ex -post ( or wa ive r) appr oach As su mes impl ici t hi er arch y


MEA tr ade meas ur es a nd the WT O


52/69

Amendment t o A rt icle XX + U nd erst andi ngq Und ers ta nd in g on t he R elat ionshi pbetween T rade M easur es t aken p urs ua ntto MEA s an d WTO Rul es. S ome element s: Basic principles regarding WTO rules andMEAs co uld be de vel oped MEAs n ot be sub ordin at ed to WT O rule s Dia lo gue wi th MEA Secre tar ia ts Co nsi der ing the deve lo pme nt of a Co de ofGood Condu ct for the us e of t rade meas ur esin MEA s


Pr opo sa l b y EU (1)


53/69

New par agr aph XX (k ), to read:"t ak en pur su an t to sp eci fic provi si ons of an MEAcompl yi ng wi th th e Un der st an din g o n th eRel at ionsh ip be twee n Me as ur es ta ke n P ursu an tto MEAs and the WTO ru le s. q Am end me nt to Art icl e XX (b ), to read:

"necessary to protect human, animal, plant life or healthor th e en vi ron men t ; an d me asu res t akenpu rsu an t to sp ecif ic p ro vi sio ns o f MEAscompl yi ng wi t h th e pr ov isi ons o f th eUn der st an d in g on t he Rel at i o n sh ip b et wee nTr a de Mea su r es T ak en Pu r su an t t o MEAs a ndWT O rul es ."


Pr opo sa l b y EU (2)


54/69

q Coherence Cl ause Unders ta nd ing on "m utua lsu ppor ti ve ness and deference : WTOPane l woul d only look at the appl ica ti on

of a mea sur e ta ken pur sua nt t o a nMEA, bu t not qu esti on the legi ti ma cy ofits ob jecti ve , or it s nec ess ityq Coopera tion Mec hanis m WTO and MEA s ecreta ri ats


Pr op osa l by S wi tzerl and


55/69

Unders ta nd ing + consu lt at ive mec ha ni smq Und ers ta nd in g coveri ng the enti re W TOAg ree ment t o acco mmod at e tra de

mea sur es un der MEAs, su bjec t t o Proc edu ra l Cr it eri a: MEA i s open,includ es b roa d pa rt ici pa ti on, an dadequa te repr esenta tion Sub st anti ve Cr it eri a: t rad e me asure i ssp ec ifi cally pr escrib ed b y MEA , i snec es sa ry, effec tiv e, pr oporti ona l, etc


Pr opo sa l by Ne w Ze alan d


56/69

q Cons ul ta tion betw ee n co untr ies pr ior t othe i mpos it ion of a tra de m easur e toachieve t he objecti ve of an MEA. Fir st -best pol icy op ti ons shoul d be

pu rsu ed, t hese s hould b e the leasttra de-di st ort iv e opti ons t ha t dea l wi ththe sour ce of t he p rob lemq Inf orma l Mec ha nism for B roa d Dia logue Dia logue b etween WTO, MEAs, UNEP ,NGOs a nd i ndu st ry shoul d beenc ou ra ged


Pr opo sa l by Ne w Ze alan d


57/69

q St reng th ened coord inat ion a t t he na tiona lt reng th ened coord inat ion a t t he na tiona llevel;evel;q St reng th ened coopera tion bet wee n t het reng th ened coopera tion bet wee n t he

WTO , U NEP a nd the MEA secreta ri atsTO , U NEP a nd the MEA secreta ri ats The se cret ari at s o f se ver al MEA s ha vehe se cret ari at s o f se ver al MEA s ha vepro vi ded brie fin gs in Commi tt ee on Trad e an dro vi ded brie fin gs in Commi tt ee on Trad e an dEnv ir onme nt and WTO sy mpo sia .nv ir onme nt and WTO sy mpo sia . UNEP has org an ized wo rks ho ps brin gin gNEP has org an ized wo rks ho ps brin gin gtoget her the secr et ari at s of UN EP -oget her the secr et ari at s of UN EP -ad min ist er ed co nve nt ions, WT O an d UN CTADd min ist er ed co nve nt ions, WT O an d UN CTAD


Pra ctic al pr opo sal s to avo id confl ic tsbe twee n ME A t rade mea sures and WTO


58/69

q The creation of worki ng g roups on tra dehe creation of worki ng g roups on tra deiss ue s in MEA negot ia ti ons or th e fur the rss ue s in MEA negot ia ti ons or th e fur the rdevelop me nt of s uch ins tr umentsevelop me nt of s uch ins tr uments put in pr act ice du ring the final ne go tiat ions ofut in pr act ice du ring the final ne go tiat ions ofthe Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informedhe Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed

Consent measuresonsent measures q Join t bus in ess/NGO ex per t group soin t bus in ess/NGO ex per t group s

q pro po sed at WT O symp osi um in Ju ly 1998ro po sed at WT O symp osi um in Ju ly 1998 q Enh anc ed imp lementa tion of enab li ngmea sur es


Pra ctic al pr opo sal s to avo id confl ic tsbe twee n ME A t rade mea sures and WTO


59/69

UNCTAD /C BT F co ntri bu ti onan d po ssi bl e f oll ow u p



60/69


61/69

q Su st ai na bl e ma na gement of wa ste f orrecove ry (e. g. mu lt i-st ak eh old er pan el s for dev el opin g

co her en t nat iona l s tat eg ie s for su st ain ab lemat eri al maa ng emen t)

q Clea n D evelopment Mec ha nis m At tract in ve st men t an d pr omo te su st ai nabl e

deve lo pme nt


Ongo ing UNCTAD i niti ati ve s [2]


62/69

Suppo rt to a mul ti- stake ho lder pan el in thePh il ipp in es for desi gn and impl em en ta tio n of acompr ehe nsiv e nat ional st rat eg y on su st ain ab le(i. e. en vi ronmen tal ly so und, eco no mi cal ly vi ab lean d so cia l ly a ccept abl e) man age ment an dreco ve ry of use d lead- acid ba tter ie s

Th roug h C BTF, su pp ort to so me 10 co unt ries inCen tr al Ame rica and the Ca rib bean to bui ldcapacit y of so und man ag eme nt of u sed veh icleba tter ie s, in clu di ng th rough regi onal co -operation


Ba sel C on venti onUNCT AD ca pa city-b uil di ng p ro jects


63/69

In co -oper at ion wit h the Tha il and Env ir onme ntIn st itu te and the Basel Co nve nti on As ia -Paci ficCen tr e for Haza rdous W as te Man ag emen tTr ain ing and Tech nolo gy T rans fer , su pp ort to apa ne l o f gover nme nt and pri va te sect or exp er tsfrom rap id ly ind ust rial izi ng co untr ies thatdi scu sse s pr act icable ave nue s for impl ement ingthe concept of en vi ronmen tal ly so undman ag ement of wast e des tin ed for reco ver yoperations


Ba sel C on venti onUNCT AD ca pa city-b uil di ng p ro jects


64/69

q CD M pr ojec t implemented b y UN DP ,UNCT AD and UNIDO un der th e overa ll co-ord inat ion of UNF CCC Se cr etar ia tq UNCT AD component f ocus es on ups tre am

activi ti es relati ng to CD M i nves tments ,mor e specif ica ll y pr omo tion of CD M projects fa cil ita tion of project appr ova l

q Fut ure act ivi ti es envi sa ged


Kyoto P ro to co l (CDM)


65/69

Is su es f or di scu ss io n



66/69

Ar e trad e me as ur es l ikel y to be a fea tur e offuture MEAs?

Wh at cr it eria co uld be ta ken into acco un t inconsid er ing the use of trade mea su res an d/o rother po licy ins tr umen ts to ach iev e theobje ctives of an MEA?

Wh at sho uld be done to en su re th at M EAnego ti ato rs consi der a who le rang e o f po licyopt ions, in par ticular su pp ortiv e me asu res? Ar e co nfl icts bet wee n tr ade mea sur es pur sua ntto MEAs and the provi sio ns of the mu lti at era ltra di ng syst em likel y to a ri se an d ho w can t heybe pr even ted ?


Ge ner al i ss ues


67/69

q Ho w has Vie t Nam ben efit ted from su ppo rtivemea su re s av ai la bl e unde r MEAs?

q Should nat ional co -ordin at ion be tw een MEA a ndtra de nego ti at ors be st re ng then ed ?q Wh at nee ds to be do ne, at nati onal leve l, toq de riv e max imu m ben ef its from MEA s red uce ad just men t co st s ref lect Vi et nams prio riti es in the fur therdeve lo pme nt /ne gotia ti on of MEA pr ovis io ns


Ex pe ri enc e of Vi et Nam


68/69

Ho w ca n CBTF be mo st usef ul to Vi et Nam National policy dialogues? Res ea rch ? Training? Emph asiz in g de vel opmen t is su es inint ern ati onal deb at es? Othe r act iv it ies?

What programmes should CBTF seek tode ve lo p to as sis t dev el opin g co untries inpa rti ci pat ing ef fectiv el y in in ter nat ionaldebates?


Wha t c an CBTF d o fo r Vi et Na m?

UNEUNCTDCBT


69/69

End

Hazardous Waste for Final Disposal

Documents

Transcript of Hazardous Waste for Final Disposal