Hay Storage Systems Southeast Hay Convention John W. Worley.
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Transcript of Hay Storage Systems Southeast Hay Convention John W. Worley.
Hay Storage SystemsHay Storage Systems
Southeast Hay ConventionSoutheast Hay ConventionJohn W. WorleyJohn W. Worley
StorageStorage5-45% loss5-45% loss
HarvestingHarvesting7-15% loss 7-15% loss
FeedingFeeding10-30% loss10-30% loss
Field curingField curing10-25% loss10-25% loss
It’s not unusual to see total It’s not unusual to see total losses of 70% or greaterlosses of 70% or greater
LOSS LOSS ACCUMULATES ACCUMULATES
WITH EACH STEPWITH EACH STEP
Slide courtesy of Slide courtesy of Dennis HancockDennis Hancock
Storage AlternativesStorage Alternatives
CuringCuring– Field DryField Dry– BaleageBaleage
PackagingPackaging– Round BalesRound Bales
TwineTwine
Bale WrapBale Wrap
– Square BalesSquare BalesSmallSmall
LargeLarge
AlternativesAlternatives
StorageStorage– Square Bales - BarnSquare Bales - Barn– Round BalesRound Bales
FieldField
TarpTarp
BarnBarn
BaleageBaleage
Greater control over harvesting timeGreater control over harvesting timeExcellent quality if moisture level Excellent quality if moisture level right and no leaksright and no leaksReduces Nitrate LevelsReduces Nitrate Levels
BaleageBaleage
Costs moreCosts more
Can get spoilage if ensiling isn’t Can get spoilage if ensiling isn’t successfulsuccessful
Disposal of PlasticDisposal of Plastic
Square vs. Round BalesSquare vs. Round Bales
Twine vs. Hay WrapTwine vs. Hay Wrap
Storage Weathered DMMethod Depth Loss (in.) (%)
Twine 4.4 18.2Netwrap 2.1 10.6Solid plastic 0.6 3.6Shed <0.5 5.7
Hay Storage Research(Kentucky)
Slide courtesy of Slide courtesy of Dennis HancockDennis Hancock
Hay Storage – Preserving QualityHay Storage – Preserving Quality
Why build it?Why build it?
How to build itHow to build it
How to use itHow to use it
Hay BarnHay Barn
Best choice for long-term storageBest choice for long-term storage
Hay BarnHay BarnEnclosed sides – Enclosed sides – – Better Protection Better Protection
(sun and rain)(sun and rain)– Costs about twice Costs about twice
as muchas much– Ventilation Ventilation – High-end hay High-end hay
storagestorage
TarpTarp
Low-cost Low-cost alternativealternative
More LaborMore Labor
Decreased losses Decreased losses in case of firein case of fire
UncoveredUncovered
Lowest Cost - Greatest Losses - Lowest Cost - Greatest Losses - Poorest QualityPoorest Quality
Tarped StacksHay ShedsHoop Structures
Storage Options
$1.50 – 2.50
$2.00 – 3.00
$3.50+
Slide courtesy of Slide courtesy of Dennis HancockDennis Hancock
Bale Storage ComparisonsBale Storage Comparisons
$0.75 + 30-70% Loss
$3.50 + 5-10% Loss
$1.50 + 20-40% Loss
$5.00 + 5-10% Loss
$3.50 + 4-7% Loss
Slide courtesy Slide courtesy of Dennis of Dennis HancockHancock
Cost of Owning a BuildingCost of Owning a Building
50 by 100 ft building at $5.00/ square foot 50 by 100 ft building at $5.00/ square foot ($25,000) (Roof only)($25,000) (Roof only)– DepreciationDepreciation $1250 $1250– Interest $1000Interest $1000– Tax & Ins. $750Tax & Ins. $750– Annual RepairsAnnual Repairs $125 $125
Total Annual Cost $3125Total Annual Cost $3125
Benefits of Covered StorageBenefits of Covered Storage
Reduced Dry Matter LossReduced Dry Matter Loss
Improved Nutritional ValueImproved Nutritional Value
Reduced animal refusalReduced animal refusal
Barn can be used for other things when Barn can be used for other things when not used for hay (equipment storage)not used for hay (equipment storage)
Dry Matter Losses (%)Dry Matter Losses (%)
Study Ground Stored
Elevated on Pallets
Elevated & Tarped
Tarped Only
Barn Stored
1 65 38 14 na 4
2 50 32 14 na 4
3 30 na na 10 0
Size of Bale Affects LossesSize of Bale Affects Losses
Outer 4 to 6 inches is lostOuter 4 to 6 inches is lost
Higher percentage of a small baleHigher percentage of a small bale
Dry Matter Losses (%) As Dry Matter Losses (%) As Affected by Bale SizeAffected by Bale Size
BaleDiam.(ft.)
GroundStored
Elevatedon
Pallets
Elevated&
Wrapped
BarnStored
4 32.4 26.2 14.6 4
5 23.8 17.4 11.4 4
6 19.6 13.4 10.0 4
Digestibility and Palatability Also Digestibility and Palatability Also AffectedAffected
Nutritional LossesNutritional LossesStart with 1,000-lb bale at 15% moistureStart with 1,000-lb bale at 15% moisture
850 lb DM before storage
Ground Stored
Elev. on Pallets
Elev. & Tarped
Barn Stored
DM Loss 65 38 14 4
Digestibility (%)
45
49 52 54
Digestible Matter After
Storage
172 258 380 441
Digestible Matter After StorageDigestible Matter After Storage(1,000-lb Bale)(1,000-lb Bale)
Annual Savings on Hay StorageAnnual Savings on Hay Storage
AssumptionsAssumptions– Hay valued at $75/ton (dry matter)Hay valued at $75/ton (dry matter)– Hay losses reduced by 30%Hay losses reduced by 30%– 50 x 100 building (annual cost - $3125)50 x 100 building (annual cost - $3125)– Storage Capacity - 250 tons (wet basis)Storage Capacity - 250 tons (wet basis)– Hay stored at 15% moistureHay stored at 15% moisture
Annual Savings on Hay StorageAnnual Savings on Hay Storage
Dry matter saved - 64 tons - - $4800Dry matter saved - 64 tons - - $4800Net Savings - - - $1675Net Savings - - - $1675What if?What if?– If Digestibility Improved by 5% (Total of 42% If Digestibility Improved by 5% (Total of 42%
Savings) Net Savings - - $3553Savings) Net Savings - - $3553– If Hay worth $90/ton, If Hay worth $90/ton,
Net Savings Net Savings - - $4889 - - $4889– If dry matter loss improved by 50%, (106 tons) If dry matter loss improved by 50%, (106 tons)
Net Savings - - $4825 Net Savings - - $4825
If You Build A BarnIf You Build A Barn
JOHN DEERE
How Much Should You Store in How Much Should You Store in the Barn?the Barn?
All that you can fit in existing barnsAll that you can fit in existing barns
All square balesAll square bales
50 to 75% of crop (feed last cutting first 50 to 75% of crop (feed last cutting first and store outside)and store outside)
Barn RecommendationsBarn Recommendations
Build to meet Southern Building code Build to meet Southern Building code (80 mph wind)(80 mph wind)
If possible, orient the long axis east and If possible, orient the long axis east and west on open-sided barnswest on open-sided barns
Hay storage should be open, especially Hay storage should be open, especially at the gable end for ventilationat the gable end for ventilation
Stack bales on end to increase capacityStack bales on end to increase capacity
Make sure the eave height (vertical Make sure the eave height (vertical clearance) of barn is sufficientclearance) of barn is sufficient
Rot and Rust on Inside Roof?Rot and Rust on Inside Roof?
Enclosed GableEnclosed Gable
Water Loss from Curing HayWater Loss from Curing Hay
100 tons of hay stored at 16% moisture100 tons of hay stored at 16% moisture
Dries to 13% moistureDries to 13% moisture
3% of 100 tons = 3 tons of water 3% of 100 tons = 3 tons of water
= 722 gallons= 722 gallons
Must be removed by ventilationMust be removed by ventilation
How much Ventilation? How much Ventilation? (Enclosed Barn)(Enclosed Barn)
Larger of the following 2 options:Larger of the following 2 options:– 6” continuous ridge vent6” continuous ridge vent– 2”/ 10 ft of width2”/ 10 ft of width
For a 50-ft wide building -10” Ridge vent For a 50-ft wide building -10” Ridge vent (83 sq. ft of ridge/gable opening for 100-(83 sq. ft of ridge/gable opening for 100-ft long building)ft long building)Equal area of opening near bottom of Equal area of opening near bottom of walls (Door can serve as part of vent) walls (Door can serve as part of vent)
Flooring for Square BalesFlooring for Square Bales
Anything that promotes ventilation under Anything that promotes ventilation under the hay is good (Large rock, pallets,etc.the hay is good (Large rock, pallets,etc.Ideal is a raised floor with air Ideal is a raised floor with air underneath (not always practical)underneath (not always practical)Bottom layer on edge – primarily to Bottom layer on edge – primarily to keep twine from rotting, but also helps keep twine from rotting, but also helps promote ventilation promote ventilation Concrete with vapor barrier underneath Concrete with vapor barrier underneath and well-drainedand well-drained
If You Store In the FieldIf You Store In the Field
Field Storage Field Storage RecommendationsRecommendations
Store on high, well-drained groundStore on high, well-drained ground
Store in open, sunny areaStore in open, sunny area
Store in rows with flat edges touching Store in rows with flat edges touching and round edges separated (unless and round edges separated (unless tarped)tarped)
Orient rows North and SouthOrient rows North and South
Orient rows down slope, not across Orient rows down slope, not across slopeslope
What’s Right? What’s Wrong?What’s Right? What’s Wrong?
What’s Right? What’s Wrong?What’s Right? What’s Wrong?
What’s Right? What’s Wrong?What’s Right? What’s Wrong?
22ndnd Year Outside Hay Year Outside Hay
Controlling Feeding WasteControlling Feeding Waste
Losses > 40%Losses > 40%
Vs.
Losses < 7%Losses < 7%Slide courtesy of Slide courtesy of Dennis HancockDennis Hancock
Feeding LossesFeeding LossesFeeding LossesFeeding Losses
Method 1 day 7 day
---- % Waste----
Unrolled 12.3 43.0
Ring 4.9 5.4
Slide courtesy of Slide courtesy of Dennis HancockDennis Hancock
Feeding LossesFeeding LossesFeeding LossesFeeding Losses
Item % Waste
Cone 2 - 5
Ring 4 - 7
Trailer 10 - 13
Cradle 15 - 20
Adapted from: Southern Forages (4th ed.) andBuskirk et al., 2003. J. Anim. Sci. 81:109-115
Slide courtesy of Slide courtesy of Dennis HancockDennis Hancock
QUESTIONS ?QUESTIONS ?