Hawthorne & Time & Motion Studies
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Transcript of Hawthorne & Time & Motion Studies
7/25/2019 Hawthorne & Time & Motion Studies
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IndustrialPsychology
Genap2013/2014
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PSIKOLOGI IN!S"#I
Industrial psychology is the systematic study of the
behavior of the people at work. It studies how thesocial, industrial, economic, political and other factorsaect the behaviour of the people at work
Keywords :
Systematic Study, Behavior, eople at !ork
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LINGK!P PSIKOLOGI IN!S"#I
• Sele$si $arya%an &erdasar$anil'u pengetahuan
• Pe'&agian pe$er(aan secaratepat
• )ini'alisir waste dari$eter&atasan 'anusia
• Pening$atan $ese(ahteraan$arya%an
• )e'pererat hu&ungan antar
'anusia• )enge'&ang$an hu&ungan
industrial
• )ening$at$an produ$ti*itas
+P+, i*- Psi$ologiIndustri.
• Sele$si danpengetesan
• Penge'&angan'ana(e'en
• Konseling
• )oti*asi $arya%an
•"uman engineering
• Penelitian pe'asaran
• Penelitian P#
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PIONEER ERA/TRADITIONALIST
• -- "aylor
• ran$ LillianGil&reth
LATER TRADITIONALIST
• tended and e*eloped thePhilosophical oncept o5
"+6LO#
• e*eloped Graphical +pproach
• !sed In Non )anu5acturingOrgani7ation
• In8uenced &y 9u'an :eha*ior
•9enry L-Gantt
• 9a%thorne
• +%areness 5or the need o5 Iiscipline
• !sed Science and ngineeringPrinciple in the )an;)achineSyste' <or$ Station=
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F.W. TAYLOR (MIDVALE STEEL COMPANY)
Prinsip Scienti>c )anage'ent.
• e*elop a science 5or each ele'ent o5 a 'an?s %or$, %hichreplaces the old rule o5 thu'& 'ethod
• Select scienti>cally and then train, teach, and de*elop the
%or$'an, %hereas pre*iously he chose his o%n %or$ 'ethods andtrained hi'sel5 as &est as he could
• ooperate heartily %ith the 'en so as to ensure that all o5 the %or$&eing done is in accordance %ith the principles o5 the science %hichhas &een de*elop
•
"here is al'ost an e@ual di*ision o5 the %or$ and the responsi&ility&et%een 'anage'ent and the %or$'en- "he 'anage'ent ta$eso*er all %or$ 5or %hich they are &etter >tted than the %or$'an-
Keter&atasanA
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FRANK & LILLIAN GILBRETH (FATIGUE &MOTION STUDIES)
ran$ )- Gil&reth
• :orn on 1BCB in )aine, !S+
• Instead o5 entering )I", he too$ a (o& as &ric$layer?s helper
• 30 years old, he %as the o%ner o5a pro>ta&le construction >r' %ithoDces throughout the %orld
• In*ented eEecti*e 'ethod 5orincreasing production rate 5ro'
120 &ric$s laid per %or$er per hourto 3F0 &y reducing the nu'&er o5'otions 5ro' 1 to F
• 9e lassi>ed the &asic 'otionsinto %hat he called "9#:LIG
Lillian Gil&reth
• She %as a psychologistgraduated 5ro'!ni*ersity o5 ali5ornia
and Ph- 5ro' :ro%n!ni*ersity
• )ade signi>cant
analysis o5 hu'an %or$&eha*ior %ith her
hus&and ran$GIL:#"9
• :eca'e the 'ost
distinguished %o'anengineer in !S+
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HENRY L. GANTT (TAYLOR’S ASSOCIATE)
• Pe'&erian insenti5
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HAWTHORNE STUDIES
• Study o5 hu'an per5or'ance at estern lectric o- 9a%thorne Eect
ngineer on Illu'ination
• "here %as no diEerence in producti*ity &et%een
ontrolled and !ncontrolled Group
#elay asse'&ly test roo' eperi'ent
• Producti*ity increase &ecause o5 changed attitudeto%ards %or$ and their %or$ group
)ass inter*ie%ing progra''e• 'ployees? &eha*ior %as &eing in8uenced &y group
&eha*iour
:an$ %iring o&ser*ation roo'
• In5or'al relationship are i'portant 5actor in
deter'ining the hu'an &eha*ior
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TIME STUDY
+i's O&(ecti*es o5 "i'e Study.
• "o deter'ine or #$ standards ti'es re@uired 5or anoperation under nor'al situation/conditions
•
"o a*oid unusual idle time an d delay in the eecution o5 thetas$/(o&
• "o use the standard ti'e data so as to > a 5air incentive%age plan
• "o create time consciousness a'ong %or$ers
• "o 'ini'i7e and control the cost
• "o set a 5air hourly output standards 5or a %or$er
• "o i'pro*e working conditions
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PROSEDUR TIME STUDY
Pilih pe$er(a dengan$e'a'puan rata;rata
:eri$an $ondisi $er(anor'al disertai
dengan peralatanyang di&utuh$an
Standardisasipe$er(aan
)e'&agi pe$er(aandala' gera$an;gera$an $ecil yangdise&ut H"her&ligs?
O&ser*asi dan catat%a$tu untu$ gera$an
yang &erulang
La$u$an penyesuaian (i$a di&utuh$an untu$
$elelahan, %a$tu'esin, irregular
delay , $e&utuhandasar, dll
"entu$an %a$tustandard &erdasar$an
te'uan di atas
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