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HAWTHORNE EFFECTS & ITS IMPACT ON MODERN INDUSTRIES

PRESENTED BY-KRISHNA VEER ,MANISH ,NIDHI SHARMA

,NISHITH KUMAR & NISHTHA SINGH

“An increase in worker productivity produced by the psychological stimulus of being singled out and made to feel important.”

— The Hawthorne effect

WHAT ARE HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENTS?

CONDUCTED IN THE HAWTHRONE PLANT OF FAMOUS ELECTRIC COMPANY,CHICAGO (U.S.A.).

IN 1910 THE MANAGEMENT OF HAWTHORNE PLANT ADOPTED TRADITIONAL THEORY, TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY.

BUT PRODUCTIVITY DIDN’T IMPROVE.

ELTON MAYO AND HIS ASSOCIATES CONDUCTED BETWEEN 1914 AND 1931.

AEROPLANE VIEW OF HAWTHORNE PLANT

ILLUMINATION EXPERIMENTS . RELAY ASSEMBLY TEST ROOM

EXPERIMENT. BANK WRITING OBSERVATION ROOM

EXPERIMENT. MASS INTERVIEWING PROGRAMME.

TYPES OF EXPERIMENTS

EFFECT OF LIGHTING CONDITIONS ON THE

PRODUCTIVITY OF EMPLOYEES. WHEN LIGHTING WAS IMPROVED,THE

PRODUCTIVITY ALSO IMPROVED. BUT WHEN LIGHTING WAS BROUGHT

DOWN TO MOONLIGHT , EVEN THEN PRODUCTIVITY INCREASED.

SOME OTHER VARIABLES BESIDES ILLUMINATION WHICH WERE INFLUENCING PRODUCTIVITY.

ILLUMINATION EXPERIMENT -

Illumination study

EFFECT OF WORKING CONDITION ON

PRODUCTIVITY.

WHEN WORKING CONDITION IMPROVED, PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVED

PRIVILEGES WERE WITHDRAWN EVEN THEN THE PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVED.

SOMETHING ELSE THAT AFFECTING PRODUCTIVITY.

RELAY ASSEMBLY TEST ROOM

EXPERIMENT -

CONDUCTED IN ALMOST NORMAL WORKING

CONDITIONS .

A GROUP OF 14 EXPERIENCED WORKERS AND RECORDED THEIR OUTPUT FOR 18 MONTHS PRIOR THE STUDY, WITHOUT THE KNOWLEDGE OF WORKERS.

BROUGHT IN A ROOM TO DO THEIR ROUTINE WORK, PRODUCTIVITY DECREASE.

THE GROUP MEMBERS DEVELOPED INTIMACY WITH EACH OTHER & CREATED INFORMAL GROUP.

BANK WIRING OBSERVATION ROOM

EXPERIMENT -

Performance recording device _

THE RESEARCHERS INTERVIEWED A LARGE

NUMBER OF WORKERS FOR MORE THAN ONE YEAR .

ADOPTED DIRECT TECHNIQUE AND ASKED RELEVENT QUESTIONS FROM THE WORKERS.

LATER ON ,THE INDIRECT TECHNIQUES OF INTERVIEWING WAS ADOPTED .

THE SOCIAL FACTORS PLAYED IMPORTANT ROLE IN INFLUENCING PRODUCTIVITY .

MASS INTERVIEWING PROGRAMME-

IMPACT OF HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENTS ON MODERN

INDUSTRIES

Brainstorming-How Hawthorne Experiments can be helpful to

organizations-

• Cooperation and communication with coworkers.

• Rearrange/reorganize job functions.

• Create an atmosphere of working as a team

Vistas unveiled

Interview

Role of Supervisor

Teamwork

Aspects Of Hawthorne Studies

Workers

Management

Motivation

Productivity

“Man’s desire to be continuously associated in work with his fellows is a strong, if not the strongest, human

characteristic. Any disregard of it by management or any ill-advised attempt to defeat this human impulse leads

instantly to some form of defeat for management itself.”

Swedish Company Case (Palgrave Macmillan Firm)

Inappropriate pay structure –all financial incentives declined.(people preferred hourly wages though piece rate plan was followed)

New incentive System with employees consent was installed.

New incentive system provided motivation through tying cooperation and teamwork.

Two years later productivity went up 45%.

Real World Example

Along with Frederick Taylor's work, this study gave rise to the field known as “Industrial Psychology” as social group influences and so interpersonal factors must also be considered when performing efficiency research such as time and motion studies. ….

CONCLUSIONS!!!

THE ORAGANISATION IS A SOCIAL SYSTEM .

THE INFORMAL GROUPS HAVE THEIR OWN INFORMAL LEADER.

THE OUTPUT OF WORKER IS DETERMINED BY THE SOCIAL NORMS SET BY INFORMAL GROUP.

NON MONETORY REWARDS SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT THE PERFORMANCE OF WORKER.

THE WORKERS DEVELOP THEIR OWN INFORMAL CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION .

THE GOALS OF INFORMAL GROUPS MAY NOT BE IN LINE WITH ORGANISATIONAL GOALS.

THE WORKER PREFER EMPLYOEE ORIENTED SUPERVISION.

A WORKER BEHAVE AS A MEMBER OF HIS WORK GROUP, NOT AS AN INDIVIDUAL AT WORK PLACE.

CONCLUSIONS OF HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENT-

summary

“Man and Work in Society.” Edited by Eugene Louis

Cass and Frederick G. Zimmer. 1975. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.

“Manufacturing Knowledge, A History of the Hawthorne Experiments.” Richard Gillespie. 1952. New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.

http://courses.bus.ualberta.ca/orga417-reshef/mayo.html

http://www.accel-team.com/motivation/hawthorne_02.html

References

Any Queries???