Have out your Unit Two Objective Sheet while you take notes

27. What was the Constitutional Convention? Why was it held? Where was it held?

Meeting of delegates from the 13 states

To fix the Articles then create a new

plan … Called?

Purpose of the Constitution: The Preamble

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHp7sMqPL0g

Representation Debate

Virginia Plan:

-Bicameral legislature

-Representation based on

population

-3 branches

-NO right to tax

-Which states would like

this plan? Why?

New Jersey Plan:-Unicameral legislature -Representation is equal-2 branches-YES can tax -Which states would like

this plan? Why?

Great Compromise of th

e

Legislative Branch:

-3 branches

-Congress = bicameral

-House of

Representatives based on

population

-Senate based on equality

Great Compromise

Wait! Do slaves count as population for the southern states?

3/5th Compromise

South wants more population = more power!!

North wants more power = if slaves count then make them citizens!!

Compromise = each slave counted as 3/5 of a

person when counting population for the House

of Representatives

Time out

• 32. What was the Virginia Plan? What group of states favored it? Why?

• 33. What was the New Jersey Plan? What group of states favored it? Why?

• 34. What was the Great Compromise? What are the parts of it? How is representation in the House of Representatives determined? How is representation in the Senate determined?

• 35. What was the 3/5 Compromise? What does the Constitution say about slavery?

Principles of the Constitution

• Separation of Powers

• Popular Sovereignty

• Limited Government

• Federalism

1. Separation of Powers

“When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same

boy of magistrates, there can be no

liberty.” - Montesquieu

Three Branches Legislative Branch-House of Representatives -Senate -Together known as Congress

-Make the laws

Judicial Branch-Supreme Court

-Interprets the laws

Executive Branch-President -Vice Prez-Cabinet of advisors-Military-FBI-Executes / carries out the laws

Why should there bethree branches?

2. Popular Sovereignty

• Popular = the majority like it

• Sovereignty = power

• Sooo… people have the power to vote and the majority rules

3. Limited Government• Preventing tyranny /

corruption in the government. (they can’t do everything)

• How do we stop a part of the government from doing something bad?

Checks and Balances

System in which each branch of government has the power to monitor and limit the actions of the other two.

4. Federalism

• Powers are separated between a national and state government; however some powers are shared

Time out

• 30. How many branches of government exist under the Constitution? What are they? What person / group is associated with each branch?

• 31. What keeps one branch of government from becoming stronger than another? Which philosopher came up with this idea?

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

•Supported the Constitution•Supported strong National Government•Wrote the Federalist Papers to show why the Const. needed to be approved (ratified) •Feared the power of the people

•Opposed the Constitution •Supported states rights•Saw the constitution as

a betrayal of the Revolution

•Feared the power of the government

•Feared for individual liberties

“Had American patriots fought and died to create yet another government to tax them and tell them what to do?”

Who won?

The Federalists!!

Because they promised to add a

______________________ to the Constitution, that way their

__________________________________ would be protected from a centralized

government.

Bill of Rights

individual liberties

STOP – Reading Time

Time out

• 28. What kind of people were Anti-federalists? They believed who should have the power in government? What were their arguments against ratification of the Constitution?

• 29. What kind of people were Federalists? Who did they believe should have the power in government? What were their arguments for ratifying the Constitution without the Bill of Rights?

• 36. What was added to the Constitution to gain Anti-federalist support? Why?

• 37. Who does the Bill of Rights protect? How?