Havar Copy DFWP Employee
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Drug Free WorkplaceEmployee Training
Havar Inc.
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Drug Free WorkplaceCourse Outline
Drug Free Workplace (DFWP) basic components Identify commonly abused drugs and recognize street
names Describe impact of substance abuse on the workplace Define types of alcohol use Distinguish between substance use, abuse, and
dependence Discuss “Enabling” Recognizing indicators of possible substance abuse Substance Usage Testing Accuracy of drug tests Treatment options Resources Enhancing your DFWP
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Drug Free Workplace Five Basic Components
1. Written Substance Abuse Policy2. Employee Education Awareness3. Supervisor/Manager Training4. Drug and Alcohol Testing5. Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
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Most Commonly Abused Drugs
Cannabinoids Phencyclidine Opioids and
Morphine Derivatives
Cocaine Amphetamines Methamphetamines
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Cannabinoids
Marijuana Dope, blunt, ganja, grass, joints,
pot, reefer, weed Swallowed or smoked
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Cannabinoids
Euphoria, slowed thinking and reaction time, confusion, impaired balance and coordination, anxiety, increased heart rate, tolerance.
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Phencyclidine
PCP and Analogs Angel dust, boat, hog, love boat,
peace pill Injected, swallowed, or smoked
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Phencyclidine
Panic, aggression, violence, loss of appetite, depression, decrease in blood pressure and heart rate
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Opioids and Morphine Derivatives
Codeine, heroin, morphine, opium Empirin with codeine, Fiorinal with
codeine, Tylenol with codeine, Cody, schoolboy, fours and doors, brown sugar, horse smack, monkey, white stuff, laudanum, paregoric
Injected, swallowed, smoked, snorted
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Opioids and Morphine Derivatives
Pain relief, euphoria, nausea, depression, confusion, constipation, sedation, coma
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Cocaine
Blow, bump, C, candy, coke, crack, Charlie, flake, rock, snow, toot
Injected, smoked, snorted
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Cocaine
Feelings of exhilaration, energy, increased blood pressure and heart rate, temperature, decreased appetite, chest pain, seizures, headaches, heart failure
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Amphetamines
Adderall, Dexedrine, bennies, black beauties, crosses, hearts, speed, truck drivers, uppers
Injected, swallowed, smoked, snorted
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Amphetamines Energy, increased mental
alertness, decreased appetite, increased breathing, blood pressure, heart rate
Hallucinations, tremors, anxiety, restlessness, paranoia, impulsive behavior, aggression
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Methamphetamine
Desoxyn, chalk, crank, crystal, fire, glass, go, ice, meth, speed
Injected, swallowed, smoked, or snorted
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Methamphetamine
Aggression, violence, psychotic behavior, memory loss, and other symptoms similar to amphetamines
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Impact of the Substance-Abusing Employee on the Workforce
Four times more likely to be hospitalized for injury than non-abusers.
When injured on the job, off work longer than non-abusers and have higher claims.
Have higher absenteeism rates, accidents, poor performance, and turnover.
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Impact of Substance Usage on the Workforce
Between 20-40% of all substance abusers are admitted at some time to the hospital because of complications of their usage.
Up to 40% of industrial fatalities and 47% of industrial injuries can be linked to alcohol and alcoholism.
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Impact on the Work Environment
Work Outcome Drug User
Non-Drug User
Work for more then 3 employers in 1 year
9.3% 4.3%
Skipped 1 or more days a month
12.9% 5.0%
Voluntarily quit in the past year
24.8% 15.4%
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Impact on the Work Environment
Work Outcome
Heavy Alcohol
User
Non-Heavy
Alcohol User
Work for more then 3 employers in 1 year
8.0% 4.4%
Skipped 1 or more days a month
11.3% 5.1%
Voluntarily quit in the past year
19.7% 15.8%
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Definitions for Alcohol Drinking
Safe drinking Low risk drinking Hazardous / Heavy
drinking Harmful drinking Binge drinking
National Health & Medical Research Council
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Recommendations forResponsible Drinking
Guidelines for men and women Refrain from Binge drinking Two alcohol-free days per week Pregnant women – abstain Do not drive, operate machinery, or
undertake activities in hazardous conditions and drink
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Heavy Drinkers vs. Light Drinkers
In a study of 6,549 employees at 16 worksites, it was found that:
“Light alcohol users accounted for more workplace problems overall because there were more of them.”
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Total Economic Loss
Lost productivity in the workforce because of substance usage costs companies $82 billion+ per year and is growing.
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Substance Abusers’ Impact On the Work Environment
Non-abusers report lower morale and poorer communications because of the presence of substance users.
Abusers are more involved in workplace violence then non-abusers.
Abusers are implicated more in workplace theft.
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Do Drug Free Work Programs Work? Ask the Employee!
• Non-users and users were asked if their company provided substance abuse information. 75.2% of non-users
said yes. 62.1% of users said
yes.
• Non-users and users were asked if their company had a written policy about substance use. 70.6% of non-users
said yes. 57.2% said yes.
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Do Drug Free Work Programs Work?
• Non-users and users were asked if their company provided an Employee Assistance Program
51.1% of non-users said yes34.5% of users said yes
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Case Study: Mid-Size Company
Chamberlain Contractors of Maryland with 75 employees implemented a substance abuse program.
The program cost $7,600 per year. Estimated savings are in excess of $120,000 in fewer accidents and lower claims and insurance premiums
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Case Study: Large Company
With the Employee Assistance Program (EAP) at McDonnell Douglas, they estimated saving $5.1 million due to fewer missed days, lower turnover, and lower medical claims.
Gillette Company initiated an EAP and found that in-patient substance abuse treatment costs decreased 75%.
Estimated that for every $1 invested in DFWP, saw a $3-$6 ROI.
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Many substance abusers cannot see the impact their usage has on their lives and performance. Why?
Substance usage impairs learning, memory recording & retrieval, mental sharpness, and motor skills during and long after usage and has an addiction/disease component.
Substance usage acts as a “chemically induced learning disability” that can have lasting effects and permanent changes in the brain. An impaired brain is impaired in self-evaluation ability.
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Addiction
The irresistible compulsion to use alcohol and other drugs despite adverse consequences
Characterized by repeated failures to control use, increased tolerance, and increased disruption in the family
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Use
Limited controlled consumption of a drug (in terms of frequency and quantity)
No significant toxic, adverse physical, or psychological consequences to the user
Experimentation
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Abuse
A level of use that typically leads to adverse consequences (physical or psychological)
Not necessarily associated with any particular frequency but is associated with use in quantities that result in sometoxicity to the user
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Dependence
Significant physical and psychological consequences
Three C’s:– Loss of Control– Compulsive pattern of use– Continued use despite negativeConsequences
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Enabling at Work
“Doing or saying things that are
intended to help a drug user but instead result in
hurting the person.”
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Signs of Enabling
Making excuses Not following policy Covering up Picking up the slack Feeling responsible or guilty
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Signs of Enabling
Defending from the supervisor or not reporting someone.
Avoiding constructive criticism. Getting angry with someone for
not performing, feeling guilty, then coming to their assistance.
Denying this type of person would have a drug problem.
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On the Job Indicators of
Addiction – Early Phase
Disease Progression
o Uses to relieve tensiono Tolerance increaseso Memory blackoutso Lies about use
Impact
⇓ To 90% efficiency⇓ Criticism from boss⇓ To 75% efficiency
Visible Signs
o Job performanceo Attendanceo General behavior
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On the Job Indicators of
Addiction – Middle Phase
Disease Progressiono Sneaks useo Guilty about use o Tremorso Loss of interest in activities
Impacto Loss of job advancemento Warnings from bosso Family problemso Financial problems
Visible Signso Job performance sufferso Increased absenteeismo Behavioral changes
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On the Job Indicators of
Addiction – Late Middle Phase
Disease Progressiono Avoids discussiono Fails to control o Neglects foodo Isolates self
Impacto Disciplinary
actiono Trouble with lawo Only 30% efficiento Serious family problems
Visible Signso Works below expectationso Poor attendanceo Aggressive behavioro Domestic problems o Loss of ethical values
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On the Job Indicators of
Addiction – Late Phase
Disease Progression
o Believes that other
activities interfere with useo Blames people, places, and things for problems
Impacto Final warning
at work o Terminationo Serious financial problems
Visible Signso Formal
disciplinary actiono Prolonged absenceso Use on jobo Physical deterioration
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Identifying Suspicious Behavior
Changes in mood
Physical behavior
Verbal behavior
Physical appearance
Workplace patterns
Onset can be sudden or gradual
Frequency
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Substance Usage Testing
Pre-employment and new hire Reasonable suspicion Post accident Random Follow-up
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Accuracy of Drug Tests
Chain of Custody Initial Screen Confirmation Test Medical Review Officer (MRO)
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Treatment Options
Outpatient Treatment Intensive Outpatient Treatment Detoxification Hospitalization Residential Treatment Self Help Groups
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National Resources and Hotlines
The Center for Substance AbuseTreatment’s Drug Information, Treatment and Referral1-800-662-HELP www.samhsa.gov
NarAnon (310) 547-5800www.na.org
Tough Love 1-800-333-1069www.toughloveparenting.com
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National Resources and Hotlines
Families Anonymous 1-800-736-9805
Alcoholics Anonymouswww.alcoholics-anonymous.org
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Enhancing Drug Free Workplace
Monitor the “drinking & drugging climate” of your workplace and change it if needed.
Be proactive in addressing troubled employees.
Focus on a “team approach” to prevent workplace substance abuse.