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Haussmans Paris
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Transcript of Haussmans Paris
1853 – 1873
HAUSSMANN’S PARIS
What was Haussmannization?
• Haussmann's renovation of Paris was a vast public works program which started Napoleon III in the period from 1853 – 1870 in Paris.
• Baron Georges-Eugene Haussmann, chosen by Napoleon III to lead the project.
• The Haussmanization demolished the chaotic, ugly, and unsanitary medieval neighborhoods of Paris and replaced them with the beautiful cream colored buildings, parks and squares that represent today.
• The entire city was rebuilt in a matter of two decades.
• To accompany the new streets and provide visual unity to the entire city.
• Napoleon had a greater interest in the techniques and new materials like glass and iron.
• Haussman unquestionably left his mark on Paris.
• His design principles increased the function, but destroyed numerous traditions and evicted the poor from the city in the process.
Haussmannian architecture on avenue Opéra, Paris
Charles Marville, photo of “old Paris” 1850s
Baron Georges Haussmann:The architect of Paris’ modernization
Georges-Eugène Haussmann• Lived 27 March 1809 – 11 January 1891.
• Studied Law and then rapidly advanced in the civil service.
• Became the prefect of Seine in 1853
• Worked in close collaboration with Napoleon III on the Renovation
of Paris
• Haussmann, who was responsible for creating a new space in Paris
• Not an architect or urban planner
• Never officially a Baron
The planHaussmann embarked on on a radical project of urban design to rebuild Paris as a modern city. The project included...
• Sewer system• Wide Boulevards• Gas lighting• Public Building regulations• Monuments• Updated Facade• A reorganized symmetrical road system• Parks• Division of Paris into Districts and its expansion
Avenue de L'opera
Before
After
Reasons for Modernization• From 1800 to 1850 the population doubled to over one
million
• In 1850 the majority of Paris was still the medieval style
of unplanned narrow winding streets.
• The open gutters used for carrying sewage was a
breeding ground for disease.
• Narrow streets easy to barricade
• Napoleon III was inspired by trip to London to
modernize the city.
Did Haussmannization modernize Paris?
• Because of Haussmannization the new roads
started to be built, a sewage system and water
supply were constructed.
• Improved circulation in the city.
• Linking monumental sites.
• More green space.
Roads• Haussmann brought symmetry to the city
• Haussmann wanted all main roads to pass
major buildings and monuments
• The new streets were laid out in a grid
running east to west north to south with
diagonal connections radiating out
• Perhaps most importantly the wide
avenues would be hard to barricade and
allow fast access for troops.
• The construction and widening of streets
required the expropriation and
demolition of many buildings
Sewers
• Pre-Haussmann: Bruneseau's underground system intermixed
sanitary and unsanitary water
• Haussmann engineered a new
underground sewer system:
separation of drinking water and waste
• Iron piping and digging
techniques from Industrial Revolution
• Became a tourist attraction post sanitation 1859 below the Rue Royale
• In 1878, the system expanded to 360 miles long
Facade of buildings
• The city was rebuilt with a neoclassical facade
• The widening of the streets allowed for extra height to be added to
the buildings increasing
living space
• Typically five stories
• Elaborate balcony on
second floor
• Shops on bottom level
Gustave Caillebotte - Paris Street;Rainy Day1877
What was its social impact?
• Dislocation of communities as working classes pushed out to outer to suburbs
• Haussmann was unwilling to compromise his ideas. His plans evicted poor citizens from the city when he destroyed their neighborhoods.
• 350,000 individuals displaced their homes.
• Propertied class wanted more comfortable space in central areas.
Conclusion• Haussmann was able to modernize Paris, improve the cleanliness, and reveal
its beauty.
• He used sleek lines and organized the layout by working from the heart of
the city to the outside.
• Haussmann made Paris better regarded as a city, although he was often
called an “artist of destruction.”
• Overall the streets were more effective and prettier since the sewer system
was moved underground.
• This led to a city with cleaner drinking water and less disease outbreaks.
• His proto-modern style utilizing geometric designs was visually pleasing and
eventually increased the functionality of Paris.
Thank You !