H.A.S.S.’s Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya,Dept.of Post Graduate Studies … · 2016-01-02 · view the...

“na hi jyanenasadrishamkinchitehavidyate”

H.A.S.S.’s

Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya,Dept.of Post Graduate Studies’

Prerana …the inspiration

October 2012 Vol. 1 Issue 4

Dear Readers,

Syllabus and curriculum are an integral part of any educational system. Periodical

revision of these is an absolute necessity. Keeping this in view, Central council of Indian

medicine has revised regulations for Under graduate and Post graduate courses. According

to the new regulations the under graduation course will be now comprising of one year

duration of three years and one and half years of final year. This change in curriculum has

necessitated changes in the syllabus also. The council, under the able guidance of subject

experts, has revised the syllabus of all the subjects. The syllabus has been revised keeping in

view the recent advances in Ayurveda as well as Modern medical science. The present

syllabus will upgrade the knowledge of Ayurveda graduates both in ancient and modern

knowledge.

The post-graduation course has also been revised with respect to specialties,

curriculum and syllabus. As per the new curriculum the first year scholar now has to study

the basics of concerned subject only. The post-graduation specialties like Samhita and

Siddhanata, Rasashastra and Bhaishajaklpana have been merged in to one specialty.

These changes have been made taking into considerations of the expert’s opinion. The

changes have to be implemented by the concerned Universities from the present academic

year. For further details the readers can visit CCIM website, www.ccimindia.org.

Merits and demerits will be observed only when the things are once brought into

practice. The Council is ready to take appropriate steps to correct any demerit observed by

implementation of these regulations.

- Dr.SrinivasBannigol

Chief Editor

Editorial

Inside

PUBLISH OR PERISH

LEECH – A REVIEW

IMPORTANT EVENTS AT AMV

MANI, MANTRA AND AUSHADHA

http://www.ccimindia.org/


Publish or perish

Urgent need for scientific publications in Ayurveda Author- Dr Suhas Kumar Shetty*

Background

Research is an integral part of any medical science. Researches are conducted to revalidate the

available facts or to find solutions to various questions of interest. The aim of researches is 2

folded – one to generalize the results to large population & practice and the other one is to

circulate the findings among scientific personnel by publishing in various peer reviewed and

index journals. Various scientific journals with high impact factor are accessible in scientific

platform. Many scientists, researchers and medical practitioners regularly publish their findings

to share them among peers and have international recognition. This concept of publication is

still in its infancy in the faculty of Ayurveda. Very few scientific authors of Ayurveda publish in

international journals. It is sorry to note that there are no or very few articles on Ayurveda or by

any Ayurvedic researchers in high impact journals like New England journals of medicine

(NEJM), Proceedings of National Academy of Science (PNAS), British Medical Journals (BMJ),

Nature, Science etc1. Ayurveda has rich fundamental principles and scientific practice. This

message needs to get globalized and accepted by people worldwide. Moreover, this task

cannot be taken up by scientists outside Ayurveda. In fact, all Ayurvedic graduates should take

the responsibility to reach to the world by conducting quality researches and more importantly

publishing it in various peer reviewed journals. Hence, systemic and rigorous researches studies

on Ayurveda are needed at various levels to remove the skeptical opinion of biomedical

scientists and to develop interest among global scientific community. There are many

challenges & obstacles in fulfilling this issue. This article is aimed at raising few important

challenges & suggesting the probable solutions to motivate the young & future generations of

Ayurveda.

Challenges

Any research conducted becomes valid and globally accepted when it is published in peer

reviewed journals. Baghel MS has recently enlisted the short comings and difficulties in

publications of Ayurvedic research in one of his scientific writings2: The lacunas are as follows:

1. Lack of good research practices and clinical protocols based on Ayurvedic principles 2. Lack of sufficient research knowledge 3. Non availability and non-documentation of cases treated by Ayurvedic physician 4. Lack of good Ayurveda journals 5. Lack of command in English language. 6. Lack of financial support & grants to conduct research fulfilling international standards


The researchers conducted in Ayurveda for last few decades have neither helped it nor helped biomedicine except for creating awareness3.There is great debate regarding methodologies to be followed in Ayurvedic research. The randomized clinical trials (RCT), which is considered as gold standard method, may not be suitable for Ayurveda as it is very personalized and is based on various variables like Prakriti, Dosha, Dushya, Desha, Kala, Satva, Satmya, RogaAvastha etc. Instead, pragmatic trails, whole system biology, open label observational trails etc types of designs may be adopted.

Way Forward

Each & every scientist needs to create his own website and host his research work and

publications in the same. I have taken a step forward in this matter and launched my research

website – www.drsuhasayurveda.com. WHO has recommended various suggestions for

overcoming challenges in researches related to traditional medicines in terms of man, material

and money4. Based on its suggestions, we can have few solutions like:

1. Regular training of Ayurvedic teachers & researchers in good research practice, research

protocol designing and execution

2. Implementing WHO guidelines for researches in Ayurveda

3. Creation of sufficient funds for research

4.Improvement of infrastructure in research institutes with proper documentation, data

analysis and publication

5. Use of information technology in Ayurvedic education5

6. Support by Government and international agencies like WHO in field of research

7. Upgradation of journals published by CCRAS, NIA etc.

8. Centralized database of Ayurvedic research

9. Interdisciplinary researches to be initiated

10. Regular use of software and database like Ayusoft, Ayugenomics, ARD etc.

Guidelines for publication

When we want to publish an article in a journal, initially we need to decide the journal in which

we need to publish based on area and subject of interest. We need to go through the guidelines

for authors as they may vary from journal to journal. International Committee of Medical

Journal Editors has given uniform requirements for manuscripts to be submitted to biomedical

journals6. Apart from that, following things need to be kept in mind when one takes up

publication in scientific journals:

1. Avoid fragmentary publication: Fragmentation of one study into many small publications can

give the false impression that a line of research has been more extensively pursued than is

actually the case.

2. Avoid duplicative publication: Publication of data in more than one location gives the

findings more visibility, but it may also mislead readers into believing that the publications

represent distinct data sets.

3. Plagiarism: Authors take responsibility for both the ideas and words in a publication. For this

reason, co-opting someone else's manuscript is a clear example of research misconduct.


4. Citation: Just as a thorough literature search is the foundation for responsible research;

appropriate reference citation is the foundation for responsible reporting.

5. Statistical methods: It is essential that authors not only design and analyze experiments

appropriately, but also clearly and openly describe their appropriate statistical methods7

(American Statistical Association, 1999).

Conclusion

In academic life, it is said, one must publish or perish. Publication facilitates the open exchange

of information among researchers and exposes research methods and findings to the scrutiny

of the larger scientific community. It also documents who is first with new ideas or discoveries,

demonstrates productive use of research funds, and provides a record by which a research

career can be judged. For these reasons, publication has a prominent role in advancement,

promotion, and continued research funding.

In pursuit of publication and, more specifically, of credit, prospective authors can have serious

differences of opinion about when to publish, what to publish, and how credit should be

apportioned. Ultimately, the centrality of publication in academic life means that it is

implicated to some degree in nearly all aspects of the responsible conduct of research.

Research is undergoing paradigm shift. In this era of evidence based medicine, Ayurvedic

research need to be revalidated but one needs to take care not to compromise with its basic

tenets and principles8. Scientific studies cannot progress without publications. Hence it is the

need of hour to start publishing the research facts thereby creating awareness in global

scientific community.

Dare to dream & put efforts to fulfill it.

Bibliography

1. Patwardhan B, Vaidya ADB, Ayurveda: scientific research & publications, CurrSci, 2009, 97 (8), 1117 – 21 2. Baghel MS, Issues in publications of Ayurvedic research work – National & international scenario – Short

comings & solutions 3. Dua P, DuaPamila, Research in Ayurveda: Challenges & way forward, International Journal of Research in

Ayurveda and Pharmacy , Jan – Feb 2012, 3(1), 23 – 26 4. WHO: General guidelines for methodologies for research and evaluation in Traditional Medicine,

WHO/EDM/TRM/2000.1. Geneva 5. SarochVikas et al, Role of information technology in education of Ayurveda: A review, Int Res Jour of Phar,

2012, 3 (3), 66 – 69 6. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (1997): Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts

Submitted to Biomedical Journals. JAMA 277:927-34 http://www.icmje.org 7. American Statistical Association (1999): Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice. Prepared by the

Committee on Professional Ethics. http://www.amstat.org/about/ethicalguidelines.cfm 8. Patwardhan B, The Quest for evidence based Ayurveda: lessons learned, CurrSci, 25 May 2012, 120 (10),

1408 – 17

*Associate Professor, Dept of ManasaRoga,SDM College of Ayurveda & Hospital,Hassan – 573201

.Mob - +91 9449603234, Email – [email protected], Website – www.drsuhasayurveda.com

http://www.icmje.org/

http://www.amstat.org/about/ethicalguidelines.cfm

mailto:[email protected]


Leech – A Review

Author: Dr. Mahesh D. Desai*M.S.(Ayu)

“The clinician who knows all about the leeches, habitat, their method of Collection, varieties,

storage and method of application is successful in treating the diseases amenable to them” -

[Sushruta Su. 13/24]

Leeches extract the blood of their victims in a painless manner. For this reason, leeches

were extensively used, in the past, in surgery for bloodletting (Phlebotomy) under the mistaken

belief that removal of bad blood may cure the disease. From the time of early Greek medicine

there are records of leeches for bloodletting. They were also used to reduce swellings and

discolorations from bruises. In fact they were employed for the partial exsanguinations of

patients suffering from every variety of ailment from common cold to cancer.

Hirudomedicinalis, was commonly used for phlebotomy in Europe in olden times and the

practice, at one time spoken as “leechery”, was so common that doctors themselves were often

called “Leeches”.

Besides Hirudomedicinalis, other species were used in various parts of the world. The

medicinal leech of America is Macrobdelladecoraso;so great was the demand for leeches for

medicinal use that suitable species were even cultured. Nachtrieb (1912) states that about 1850,

one American leech farm disposed of as many as 1000 or more leeches daily.

About 7 million leeches were used in London hospitals and 5 to 6 million in Paris

hospitals in 1863.

The famous English poet, Wordsworth, wrote a poem - “The leech Gatherer”, based on

the medicinal use of leech.

The use of leeches in Ayurvedic medicinal practice in India is very ancient. Even now,

some native medical men employ them. They are used as a drug to prevent loss or graying of

hair and other symptoms of old age.

Leeches are also said to be used as materialmedica in the treatment of piles, tonsillitis and

baldness. Hirudin, extracted from the leeches was employed a few years ago as a haemolytic

agent or anti-coagulant in the modern hospitals and was sometimes administered to patients

whose blood had a tendency to clot inside the blood vessels. New and better anticoagulants have

now taken the place of this formerly useful secretion.

Unani medicine has also described the surgery – Ilaj-bil-Yad. In this, they had mentioned

leeching as a Taleeq. According to them, leech application is a unique method for removal of

toxic matter from the blood. It is useful in Slun diseases i.e. is baldness and ring worm and

certain conditions have been laid down by the physicians for applying this method i.e. the kinds

of leeches to be applied, water from where they are to be obtained etc.

Bloodletting tools have been dated to the Stone Age. There is evidence of therapeutic

bloodletting among Ancient Egyptians, Aztecs, Babylonians and Hindus, although the first

written record of the practice is found in the Corpus Hippocraticum. Hippocrates believed that


“disease was caused by imbalance of the four humors (blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile)

and that bloodletting played a central part in restoring balance.”

Hirudomedicinalis may have first entered the formulary in the Second Century B.C. A

significant biomedical advance, leeches not only inflicted less pain than lancets or sacrifiers, but

removed a more predictable quantity of blood.

They were in such extensive use in the 19th century that in 1833 France alone imported

over 42 million. The leeches came mostly from Central Europe and Asia Minor. Leech

harvesting was a popular and lucrative activity and involved wading into infested waters and

removing the attached leeches from feet and legs.

According to “Guinness World Records – 2002 [pp 23]” the lifespan of 27 years has been

reliably recorded for the species Hirudomedicinalis.

Medicinal leech - Hirudomedicinalis:

Phylum - Annelida

Class - Hirudinea

Order - H. Limnobdella

Family - Hirudinae

Species - H. medicinalis

General - Hirudinaria

HIRUDINARIA:

The genus Hirudinaria comprises fresh water leeches, which are sanguivores (Blood

sucking) in habit and attack domestic animals and man.Four species of these are found in India,

namely

1) H. javanica, 2) H. manillensis,

3) H. Granulose 4) H. viridis

Occurring in the ponds and ditches. The account given here refers to

Hirudinariagranulosa.

Hirudineagranulosa is parasitic and feeds on the blood of mammals. It attaches to the host

by means of its two suckers and bites the skin of its victim. It has three jaws, which work back

and forth during the feeding process, which usually lasts about 20 to 40 minutes and leaves a

triradiate or “Y”shaped scar on the host. Three jaws that look like little saws, and on them are

about 100 horny teeth used to incise the host.

Leeches only feed about once every six months; this is about how long the blood meal

takes to be fully digested. Leech may even go longer than six months without food. Bacteria that

live within the leeches' body help keep the blood from decomposing.

Anterior sucker (Oral sucker) (Cephalic sucker):

It is formed by fusion of prostomium with few somites of anterior region. It is oval in out

line and is placed on ventral surface of the anterior end .It possesses a ventrally directed cup like

hollow pre - oral chamber which leads into the mouth.The anterior border is free and mobile and

bent over the mouth so as to form a structure like that of upper lip. The function of anterior

sucker is to help in locomotion and adhesion. It contains 3 jaws with sharply serrated edges,

which are used like circular saws, and on them are about 100 horny teeth used to incise the host.


The Bite: When a jawed leech bites it holds the sucker in place by making its body rigid. Using

its semi circular and many toothed jaws like minute saws, it then makes a triradiate or “Y”shaped

painless incision in the skin and excretes a mucous from the nephropores (external openings

from the kidney-like organs). This helps the sucker to adhere. A salivary secretion containing the

anticoagulant and histamine floods the wound and the leech relaxes its body to allow the blood to

be ingested. This mixture allows the blood to flow and also prevents clotting once inside the

leech. A bacterium in the gut of the leech assists the digestion of the blood.

“Y” shaped Wound of Leech

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF SALIVA

The leech produces a number of important substances, which contribute to the special

property of the bite, including an anticoagulant, a local vasodilator and local anesthetic. Like

Hirudin, Hyaluronidase, Hementin etc.

Here therapeutic effect is not only by suction of blood but also by the secretions, which

the leech injects into the lesion. They secrete anticoagulants to prevent blood clots and relieve

pressure due to pooling blood. Leech saliva helps to reestablish blood flow to the body parts by

means of a vasodilaton, produces a numbing effect by anesthetic action. These substances allow

continued flow of blood normally up to 10 hours after it has detached.

Earlier Research indicates that after about 3 to 5 days, neovascularisation takes place

around flap margins, which sufficiently restores effective venous drainage. Therefore, it is

important that treatment is not terminated too soon, but rather, continued over a period of time to

avoid failure

Hirudin:

It was recognized in the saliva of leeches in 1884. It was used in early transfusion

experiments 30 years before Heparin was used. Since 1986, when Hirudin was genetically

engineered, it is identified as a systemic anti-coagulant free of some of heparin’s side effects. It

is also called as anti-coagulin.

Hirudin – A 65 – The mechanism of suppressing activity of hirudin on thrombin is

investigated. Hirudin blocks the action of thrombin and it doesn’t promote the transition of

fibrinogen into fibrin. The saliva of medicinal leech blocks an initial attachment of thrombocytes

and completely suppresses their aggregation on a surface of collagenus. Thus, the secret of

salivary glands of medicinal leech influences on cellular and plasma factors of blood clotting. In

researches of many authors it is marked that after the assignment of leeches there is, a

normalization of separate parameters of coagulogramme -at initial combination of hyper

coagulations the anticoagulating system is activated and on the contrary becomes more active.

Similar effect was not received even when used such widely known anticoagulants as heparin

and aspirin. Thus, continuous bleeding from wound made by leeches occurs for a long time

nearly 10 hours, even after the leech has detached itself.

The lipotropal effect of enzymes of salivary glands of medicinal leeches has the ability to

influence on blood lipids. At the beginning of the century some scientists expressed the

assumption that applying of medicinal leeches can prevent the development of atherosclerosis. In


Hearty Congratulations To

Dr.B.B.Joshi

For being awarded with Ph.D

We wish him best of luck.

1984-1989 it was experimentally proved that at long intravenous introduction of a secret of

salivary glands of medicinal leeches to the rats, which were in the condition of a strongly

expressed atherosclerosis, had reduction of lipids in abdominal and lung arteries.

Calin:

It also prevents the blood coagulation. On comparison with hirudin it has a substantially

longer time of period within which it is effective and will be cleansing the wound by a secondary

haemorrhage.

Destabilise:

It is endo-epsilon- (gamma-Glu)-lysisopeptidase protein from medicinal leech. It inhibits

arterial thrombus formation in rats by inhibition of induced and spontaneous platelet aggregation.

And it is also reported that it completely blocks the spontaneous aggregation of human platelet.

It’s oral action in experimental animal was reported as the hydrophobic properties, inhibition of

platelet aggregation, protection from proteolysis and absorption from the intestine into blood. It

also ensures the protective antithrombotic effect.

Hyaluronidase:

An enzyme called hyaluronidase, which breaks down hyaluronic acid. It is a “spreading

or diffusing substance” that modifies the permeability of connective tissue through the hydrolysis

of hyaluronic acid, the bonding material of connective tissue. This temporarily decreases the

viscosity of the cellular cement and promotes diffusion of injected fluids or of localized

transudates or exudates, thus facilitating their absorption. When no spreading factor is present,

material injected subcutaneously spreads very slowly, but hyaluronidase causes rapid spreading.

Hyaluronidase not only improves blood circulation in organ-targets, also promotes capillary-

tissues exchanging. It helps in the reduction of swelling, and dissolution of the organized blood

clots. The using of leeches promotes the increasing of local immunity as well along with

fastening the flow of blood and fluids from affected areas.

The active leech substances block the enzymic process activated and often exceed within

inflammation or traumas.

*Lecturer, Dept. of ShalyaTantra, Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Hubli.

To be continued in next issue…


Important Events at Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya,Hubli.

Late Dr. Vishwanath Hiremath memorial lecture by Dr.Sanjay Kadlimatti

In the sweet memory of late Dr. VishwanathHiremath, guest lectures are being

conducted every year in the college. On Aug.30th

2012, Dr.SanjayKadlimatti from

B.M.Kankanwadi Ayurveda Mahavidyala, Belgaum delivered a lecture on

Annavahasrotodushti and Grhaniroga under the late Dr.VishwanathHiremath guest

lecture series.

The function was presided by Dr.P.G.Subbanagouda, Principal of A.M.V,Hubli

and Dr.R.Mohan Raj, Chairman of Pratishta Student Association. The Chief guest was

Kashinath Hiremath, father of late Dr.Vishwanath Hiremath.

Kusuma Hiremath, mother of late Dr.Vishwanath Hiremath and Dr.Rashmi, sister of

late Dr.Vishwanath Hiremath were also present. The function was organised by

Dr.Veeresh, Dr.Pranesh, Dr.Sandeep and Dr.Sunil, friends of late Dr.Vishwanath

Hiremath. Parineeta and Natasha hosted the function.

Inaugration of Annual Sports Meet:

Inaugural ceremony of Pratishta Sports

meet 2012 was held on 1st September

2012 at the premises of A.M.V,Hubli.

Chief Guest for the function was Sachin

Chaluwadi, Sub- inspector of OldHubli

police station. President

Dr.P.G.Subbanagouda and Chairman

R.Mohan Raj presided over the function.

Dr.Thyagaraj, Sports advisor addressed

the gathering. Kiran Chavan, Sports

secretary read out the conditions and

rules for the sports events, which was

followed by oath taking by the students. The function was hosted by Ruchi, 2nd

year

student.


MANI, MANTRA AND AUSHADHA Author :SharanyaSrikumar*, Sri JayendraSaraswathi Ayurveda College, Chennai

…continued from last issue

Mantra shAstram :

Mantras are combination of Sanskrit syllables (bijAksharam) which when chanted in a certain

way generate positive energy. Every mantra has its own effect depending on the combination

of aksharas.

Other than mantras there are innumerable number of verses mentioned in the vedas, especially

atharvana Veda which can even cure diseases like arbudam, rajayakshma, etc.

These hymns will also have effect like the mantras.

Some Examples:

1. There is the mrtasanjeevinisuktam (muncAmitvahavisha….), in 3m/11 of the rig veda which is

meant for curing rAjayakshma.

2. There is another suktham which starts with akshibhyAmtenAsikAbhyAm karma…… in rigveda

which is said to work for all kinds of disorders- sarvaroganivariNi

3. in the 1st mandala of atharvanaveda, hymns for pacifying kushtam is mentioned. It starts with

naktamjaathasyoshaderamekrshne….! (AV 1/23).

4. jwaram- “yatagnirApoanahatpravishyayatrAkrnvan…..!” (av 1/25)

5.sarpaviSham- paridhamivasooryoahinamjanimAgamam… tevArayevisham!

So after identifying the disease causing planet, their adhishtanadevatas need to be propitiated

by chanting the appropriate veda mantras.

Simultaneously, the person is also administered with suitable aushadas besides chanting of the

appropriate hymns in atharvaveda for these diseases.

Ayurveda teaches proper lifestyle, diet, herbs and behavioral patterns to implement the ideas

that astrology teaches us and to complement the remedial measures. It is not very popular

presumably due to ignorance.

If these ideas can be incorporated in the treatment measures in a proper way then we can

assure cure for any kind of disease and have a disease free society.


CURCUMA LONGA( Haridra, varavarnini)

Chemical constituents: The rhizome contains carbohydrate, vit.A, iron,

resin, yellow pigment, curcumin; and essential oil consisting of

sesquiterpenes, zingiberenw, D-a-phellandrene, turmerone,

dehydrotumerone, yana a-alanto lactone, curcumene cineol.

Parts used: Rhizomes( dried as well as fresh)

Properties: bitter, acrid, astringent, pungent, aromatic, thermogenic,

emmolient, blood purifier, anodyne, anti-inflammatory, depurative,

anti-septic, laxative, diuretic, expectorant, detergent, stimulant.

Usage: useful in vitiated conditions of kapha and pitta, inflammations,

ulcers, wounds, skin diseases, allergic conditions, constipation, coughs,

asthma, bronchitis, hiccough, anaemia, dropsy, hysteria.

Dose: Juice-10 to 20ml; powder-1 to 3 gms.

“sarvebhavantusukhina: sarvesantuniramaya:!

sarvebhadrAnipashyantu mA kaschiddukhaBagBhavet!!”

सद्यःपऱतिगान्धर्वमंासमेकंऩुराणकं..........ज्योतिर्वैद्योतनरन्िरम।्

अन्यातनशास.्........।चिककत्ससिज्योतिशमन्रर्वादा: ऩदेऩदेप्रसययमार्वहत्न्ि॥

कायर्वाग्फुद्धिद्धर्वषयाःयेमऱाःसमुऩत्थििाः।चिककससाऱऺणाध्यासमशथरथैिेषांद्धर्वशुियः॥ *Student, 3rd proff., SJSAC & H, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.


To,

Chief Editor – Dr.S.K.Bannigol

Editor - Dr.M.A.Hullur

Dr.A.I.Sanakal

Dr.B.B.Joshi

Dr.J.R.Joshi

Dr.A.S.Prashanth

Co – Editors - Dr.Paritosh Bhatt

08867271306

VijetaTalikoti

Published by,

Dept. of Post Graduate Studies

Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya

Heggeri Ext.

Old Hubli

Hubli - 580024

Bi monthly news letter

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Conceptual articles, research papers, or any

other intellectual work is invited. For further

details please contact as under.

Contact:

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Email: [email protected]

A Request

This is our humble request to all our readers to kindly give their esteemed knowledgeable work for the newsletter. Any queries regarding publication of article or for subscription can be asked through e mail or contacts as given under.

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