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K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Adv. Technology in Civil engineerin 1
هاي تجديدپذير انرژي
Hasan Ghasemzadeh
مان ت سا ن و ی ن آوری
http://wp.kntu.ac.ir/ghasemzadeh
K.N. Toosi University of Technology
K.N.TOOSIUniversity of Technology
Renwable Energy
2
معرفي
مزاياايجاد اشتغال-كاهش آلودگي و مرگ و مير ناشي از آن-كاهش هزينه انرژي-كاهش هزينه هاي درماني-وفور منابع انرژي و عدم اتمام آنها-آمادگي منابع جهت استفاده-
اپذير داردهر انرژي پايداري كه منابع طبيعي پايان ن: انرژي تجديد پذير
ود؟توان از انرژي تجديد پذير استفاده نم آيا در صنعت ساختمان ميDr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Adv. Technology in Civil engineerin 2
3
هاي تجديدپذير انواع انرژي•– Wind Energy
– Solar Energy
– Hydro Energy
– Biomass Energy
– Geothermal Energy
– Wave Energy
– Tidal Energy
– Nuclear
– Bio‐fuel
– Bagasse
معرفي
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
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• Contribution of Renewable Energy in World Electricity Productionمعرفي
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Adv. Technology in Civil engineerin 3
Disadvantages• Lots of wind turbines are needed to produce enough power.
• Turbines can only be put in windy areas.
• It is not always windy.• Some people don’t like the look of the turbines.
What is it?• Wind turbines
are used to generate electricity from the wind.
• The wind turns the large blades and the blades turn a generator.
Advantages• Wind is renewable.• Wind is free.• No greenhouse gases are made.
• There are few safety risks.
انرژي باد
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh 5
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Wind Energy ‐ Technology• Differential heating of the earth’s surface and
atmosphere induces vertical and horizontal air
currents that are affected by the earth’s
rotation and contours of the land and
generates WIND.
• A wind turbine obtains its power input by
converting the force of the wind into a torque
(turning force) acting on the rotor blades.
• The amount of energy which the wind
transfers to the rotor depends on the density
of the air, the rotor area, and the wind speed.
• PLF of Wind Farm is normally in the range of
20 % to 30% depending upon the site
conditions and WTG rating.
P Power
ρ Air Density (kg/m3)
A Blade Area -turbine (m2)
V Wind velocity (m/s)
P = 0.5 X ρ X A X V3
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Adv. Technology in Civil engineerin 4
7
• Major Components of Wind Turbine
Wind Energy ‐ Technology
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
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Wind Energy – Present Scenario
• Wind Power – Fastest growing renewable energy source
• Globally, it grew at the average rate of 27 % pa over the past 10 years.
• While in India it grew at the average rate of 33% over the past 9 years.
• Presently, India is ranked 4th in the world in terms of Wind Energy Installed Capacity
• Drivers of growth
– Environmental Awareness and Sustainable Development
– Growing Global Energy Demand
– Improving Competitiveness of renewable energy
– Security of Supply Concerns
– New Markets (e.g. India, China etc)
– Carbon Trading
– Fiscal Benefits by Govt. (PTC, feed in tariffs, etc)
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Adv. Technology in Civil engineerin 5
Disadvantages• Solar panels are
expensive.• When it is cloudy or at
night there is not enough light.
• Some people don’t like the look of solar panels.
What is it?• Solar power
uses energy from the Sun.
• Solar panels transfer the Suns energy to heat water.
Advantages• The energy from the Sun
is free.• The sun does not produce
greenhouse gases.• The sun will always be
there during our lifetime.
انرژي خورشيدي
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh 9
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انرژي خورشيدي
• Solar power is by far the Earth's most available energy source, easily capable of providing many
times the total current energy demand.
• Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity.
• Two main commercial ways of conversion of sunlight into electricity.
– Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP)
– Photovoltaic Plants (PV)
• CSP and PV both have their markets. PV is very successful in decentralized applications, whereas CSP
offers advantages for central and large‐scale applications. CSP power plants are the most cost‐
efficient way to generate and to store dispatch able CO2‐free electricity. However, there is no
competition between both. Rather, they have to be seen as complementary technologies.
• PLF of CSP – In the range of 20 % to 30 %
PLF of PV – In the range of 15 % to 20 %
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Adv. Technology in Civil engineerin 6
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Solar Energy ‐ Technology• Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP)
It contains;
– Collector Field
– Turbine
– Generator
– Cooling Tower
– Transformer
Courtesy: ESP Solar
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
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• Solar Photovoltaic Plants (PV)
It contains;
– Solar Arrays
– Inverter
– Transformer
Solar Energy ‐ Technology
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Adv. Technology in Civil engineerin 7
13
Solar Energy ‐ Technology• In both CSP and PV technologies, solar resources plays major role.
• Maps are available to calculate solar resource of a particular region. However, for both CSP and PV technologies different solar radiations are taken into account.
• Basically two types of solar radiations are there;
– Global Horizontal irradiations (GHI)
– Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI)
• For PV technologies GHI is considered. GHI
consists of diffuse radiations and direct
horizontal radiations (beam).
Minimum GHI – 1000 kwh/m2 pa
• For CSP, DNI is considered. DNI
is the amount of radiation received by
a surface which is permanently aligned
perpendicular to the incoming beam.
Minimum DNI – 1900 kwh/m2 pa
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
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A typical DNI irradiation Map for India which is used to find a feasible site for CSP Plant.
A typical GHI irradiation Map for India which is used to find a
feasible site for PV Plant.
Solar Energy ‐ Technology
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Adv. Technology in Civil engineerin 8
15
Solar Energy – Current Scenario
• The total installed capacity of solar
power (Both CSP and PV) as of 2008 is
2826 MW.
• In India the total installed capacity of
solar power is around 2 MW.
• In India, various government and private
players have entered into CSP and PV
markets.
• MNRE has set a target to establish at
least 50 MW of solar projects during the
11th plan.
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh
Disadvantages• The dam is expensive to
build.• By building a dam, the
nearby area has to be flooded and this could affect nearby habitats.
• If it does not rain much we may not have enough water to turn the turbines.
What is it?• Flowing
water is used to turn a turbine which generates electricity.
Advantages• When the electricity is
generated, no greenhouse gases are made.
• The water used is free.• It is a renewable energy source.
آبي انرژي برق
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh 16
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Adv. Technology in Civil engineerin 9
Disadvantages• Inefficient (only 30% efficiency).
• Releases harmful solid carbon particles into the atmosphere.
What is it?• Biomass, is a
renewable energy source made of biological material from living, or recently living organisms.
• Energy is released by combustion (burning).
Advantages• Produces less pollution than fossil fuels.
• Does not cause acid rain.
• Can be found locally.• It is renewable.
هاي زيستي توده
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh 17
Disadvantages• There are not many places
where we can build geothermal power stations.
• Harmful gases and minerals may occasionally come up from the ground below. These can be
• difficult to control.
What is it?• Rocks under
the ground are hot.
• Water can be pumped through these hot rocks and warmed up.
Advantages• Geothermal energy does
not produce greenhouse gases.
• The energy source is free and will not run out.
زمين گرمايي
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh 18
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Adv. Technology in Civil engineerin 10
Disadvantages• Small waves generate small
amounts of electricity.• Electricity needs to be
transported from the sea onto the land.
• The equipment is expensive
What is it?• Waves force
air in and out of a chamber.
• The air causes a turbine to generate electricity.
Advantages• Waves are free and will not
run out. • Wave power does not
produce greenhouse gases.• There are very few safety
risks.
انرژي موج
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh 19
Disadvantages• A dam to make the water
flow through the generators might be needed.
• Plants and animals that live nearby might get harmed
• The tides only happen twice a day, so can only produce electricity at that time.
What is it?• Solar power
uses energy from the Sun.
• Solar panels transfer the Suns energy to heat water.
Advantages• Tides are free and will not run
out.• No greenhouse gases are
produced.• It is reliable because we know
exactly when the tides happen.
جزر و مد
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh 20
K.N. Toosi University of Technology 5/19/2016
Adv. Technology in Civil engineerin 11
Disadvantages• Harmful radioactive waste is created.
• Uranium supplies may only last for another 50 years.
• Non‐renewable• Radiation may cause cancer
What is it?• Radiation is
released from the nuclei of metal atoms.
• The radiation can be used to generate electricity.
Advantages• Green House gases are not made.
• Only a small amount of fuel is needed to create a lot of energy.
اي انرژي هسته
Dr. Hasan Ghasemzadeh 21
ميزان استفاده از انرژي تجديد پذير
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
Wind Annual Installed Capacity (GW)
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
Geothermal Installed Capacity (GW)
‐2.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
Biomass Installed Capacity (GW)
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