Harvard Referencing at York St John University

Guide to citing resources for CFAP

students

Referencing sources

• Why do we provide references?

– Acknowledge the work of other writers– Avoid plagiarism– Demonstrate breadth of reading– Enable others to trace your sources and lead

them onto further information

Plagiarism

What is it?• A deliberate attempt to pass of the work of

others as your own• Includes copying sections of text without putting

ideas into your own words• Failing to acknowledge whom the information

used was written byConsequences• Could lead to a loss of marks or more serious

action

Why Harvard?

• Most commonly used system internationally

• Used by most academic institutions

• Ease of use for both author and reader – no footnotes or chapter references

Book

• Author(s), editor(s) (up to three with surname and initials only)

• Year of publication• Title and subtitle (if any) - underlined , in bold ,

or in italics• Series and individual volume number (if any)• Edition if not the first, for example 2nd ed. • Place of publication if known • Publisher

Some examples 1One author:• Vine, R. (2008) New China, new art. London, Prestel.

Two authors:• Sturken, M. & Cartwright, L. (2009) Practices of

looking: an introduction to visual culture. New York, Oxford University Press.

Three authors: • Weintraub, L., Danto, A. & McEvilley, T. (1996) Art on

the edge and over: searching for art’s meaning in contemporary society 1970s-1990s. Litchfield, Art Insights.

Some examples 2

4 authors or more:• Burton, J. et al (2007) Pop art: contemporary

perspectives. New Haven, Yale University Press..

Editors:• Coutts, G. & Jokela, T. eds (2008) Art

community and environment: educational perspectives. Bristol, Intellect.

Series and editions:• Chadwick, W. (2007) Women, art and society.

4th ed. World of art. London, Thames & Hudson.

Chapter in book

• Author of chapter/section • Year of publication• Title of chapter/section• The word In: • Author/editors of collected work (up to three)• Title of collected work – underlined, in bold,

or in italics• Place of publication• Publisher• Page numbers of section referred to

Example

Gille, W. (2001) Lives and loves. In: Mundy, J. ed. Surrealism: desire unbound. London, Tate, pp. 136-169.

Journal article

• Author/s of the article (up to three, with surname and initials only)

• Year of publication • Title of the article • Title of the journal – underlined, in bold, or in

italics• Volume and part number, month or season of

the year• Page numbers of article

Examples

• Buxton, P. (2006) The art of showing off. Design week, 21 (7) February, pp. 14-15.

• Hunt, I. & Green, M. (2004) The secret theory of drawing. Art monthly, 301, pp. 27-28.

• Caughy, C. et al (2006) Ceramic sculpture of Lars Westby. Ceramics: art and perception, 65 (1) January, pp. 34-49.

Visual information

Visual information, photographs and reproductions of works of art

• In-text citation:

Nauman (1966) in Fineberg (1995, p.317)• Full reference:

Nauman, Bruce (1966) Neon templates of the left half of my body, taken at ten inch intervals. Neon tubing on clear glass tubing frame, 1770.8 x 220.9 x 150.2 mm. In: Fineberg, J.(1995) Art since 1940: strategies of being, p. 317. London: Laurence King.

Online images: visual information, photographs and

illustrations

• Include the following information, in the following order:

• (1) Title of image, or a description – underlined, in bold, or in italics and followed by a full stop

• (2) Year – in brackets• (3) The words Online image or Online video – in square brackets• (4) The words Available from – followed by a colon• (5) The Internet address – in chevrons• (6) Filename including extension – followed by a comma• (7) The word Accessed and the date you viewed the image – in

square brackets

Example

• Bruce Nauman: Human/Need/Desire (1983) [Online image] Available from http://www.oxfordartonline.com[Accessed 11 February 2009].

Original artworksYou should include the following information in this order:

• Artist • Year art work was produced – in brackets • Title of art work – underlined, in bold, or in italics • Material type – in square brackets and followed by a full

stopCommon material types are: ceramic / drawing / etching / linocut / lithograph / painting / photograph /sculpture / woodcut

• The words Held at The location of the gallery, museum, etc. – followed by a full stop

Example: • Hepworth, B. (1953) Heiroglyph [sculpture]. Held at Leeds Civic

Quarter Art Gallery

Audiovisual materialsFilms, videos and DVDsYou should include the following information, in this order:• Title – underlined, in bold, or in italics and followed by a

full stop • Year (for films the preferred date is the year of release in

the country of production) – in brackets • Director’s name – note that the director’s name is not

written surname first) – followed by a full stop • Place of production – followed by a comma • Production company name • Medium and then format – separated by a colon, in

square brackets and followed by a full stop

Examples

• Rachel Whiteread. (2005). TheEYE. London, Illuminations [video: DVD].(Note the series)

• Blast Theory (2005) Can you see me now? Brighton, Blast Theory [video: DVD].

More examples

Exhibition catalogues - where there is no author use the gallery or museum, e.g.

• Museum of Modern Art (1968) The machine. New York, MOMA.

It is the custom to capitalise the names of art movements, e.g.

• Haskell, B. (1984) Blam! The explosion of Pop, Minimalism and Performance 1958-64. New York, Whitney Museum of American Art..

Electronic journal article• Author/editor • Year – in brackets • Title of article• Title of journal – underlined, in bold, or in italics • The word Internet – in square brackets• Date of publication• Volume number • Issue number• Pagination or online equivalent• The words Available from• The Internet address – in chevrons• The word Accessed and date you viewed the web

page – in square brackets

Example

• McCarthy, D. (2006) Andy Warhol's Silver Elvises: meaning through context at the Ferus Gallery in 1963. The art bulletin [Internet], June, 88 (2), pp. 354-72. Available from: <http://firstsearch.oclc.org/FSIP?db=WilsonSelectPlus > [Accessed 5 December 2006].

Website• Author/editor • Year – in brackets • Title – underlined, in bold, or in italics • The word Internet – in square brackets • Version if available (for example, update 2 or version

4.1)• Place of publication• Publisher (if ascertainable)• The words Available from• The Internet address• The word Accessed and the date you viewed the web

page – in square brackets

Examples

Whole web sitesInstitute of Contemporary Arts (2006) Institute of

Contemporary Arts. [Internet] London, Institute of Contemporary Arts. Available from:

< http://www.ica.org.uk/?lid=1> [Accessed 6 December 2006].

Document on a web siteArts Council England (2006) Aspire. [Internet], London,

Arts Council of England. Available from: <http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/documents/publications/phpizURVp.pdf >

[Accessed 6 December 2006].

Quotations and citations

• Quotations - direct copy of author’s words Should always be placed in inverted commas and

include details of the author, year and specific pages number/s from which you’ve taken the quote

‘Hirst’s interest in contemporary society is further reflected in collaborative pop music projects’ (Woods, 2001, p32)

OR Woods, (2001, p32) highlights that ‘Hirst’s interest in

contemporary society is further reflected in collaborative pop music projects’

Citations

• Citations - Use of something an author has said but put into your own words

• Should always include details of the author and the year, e.g.

Woods (2002) identifies that Hirst’s interest in modern society is demonstrated by his work with pop groups.

Secondary referencing

• If you wish to quote an author quoted by another author. e.g you want to quote Robinson having read the quote in Smith

Robinson (2003, cited in Smith 2005 p16) advocates the use of ….

• In the reference list at the end of the assignment you only need a reference for Smith as you haven’t looked at the original source by Robinson

• Only original sources should be included in reference list

Further help

• The York St John Harvard Guide to Referencing

• http://www.yorksj.ac.uk/library/guide/citing/index.aspx

Further help 2

• If you would like further help with Harvard referencing, please ask for a one-to-one session

• l.alexander@yorksj.ac.uk