Harmful Effects and Harmful Effects and Emergency ResponseEmergency Response

PoisonedPoisoned: harm to internal organs: harm to internal organs

InjuriesInjuries: harm due to external : harm due to external irritantsirritants

HazardHazard is the risk of harmful is the risk of harmful effects from pesticideseffects from pesticides

Harmful Effects and Harmful Effects and Emergency ResponseEmergency Response

Hazard = Toxicity x ExposureHazard = Toxicity x Exposure

EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

When pesticide comes into contact with a When pesticide comes into contact with a surface or organismsurface or organism

EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

HeadacheHeadacheNausea Nausea DizzyDizzyTwitching Twitching

EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

Oral - swallowingOral - swallowing not washing hands (eating and drinking)not washing hands (eating and drinking)direct mouth contactdirect mouth contact food and drink contaminationfood and drink contamination

EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

Inhalation - breathingInhalation - breathing poor ventilationpoor ventilationbreathing fumes without breathing fumes without

respiratorrespiratormixing and applicationmixing and application

EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

Ocular - eyeOcular - eyesplashing during mixingsplashing during mixingno eye protectionno eye protectionwindy conditionswindy conditions

EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

Dermal - skinDermal - skinmost likely exposuremost likely exposure improper protectionimproper protectionsplashing during mixingsplashing during mixing

EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

Dermal - skinDermal - skin

Amount absorbed by skin Amount absorbed by skin determined bydetermined by

Pesticide and formulationPesticide and formulationEC and oil-based absorbed most readilyEC and oil-based absorbed most readilydry absorbed the leastdry absorbed the least

Amount absorbed by skin Amount absorbed by skin determined bydetermined by

Area of exposureArea of exposuregenital area is the highestgenital area is the highestalso the scalp, ear canal also the scalp, ear canal

and foreheadand forehead

Amount absorbed by skin Amount absorbed by skin determined bydetermined by

Condition of skinCondition of skincuts, abrasions, and rashes increase cuts, abrasions, and rashes increase

absorptionabsorptionsweaty skin is increasedsweaty skin is increased

TOXICITYTOXICITY

the ability of a pesticide to cause harmful the ability of a pesticide to cause harmful effectseffects

HARMFUL EFFECTSHARMFUL EFFECTS

Acute effectsAcute effects injuries that appear injuries that appear

immediately after exposure immediately after exposure <24 hours<24 hours

main way to assess main way to assess pesticides toxicitypesticides toxicity

effects may burn or be effects may burn or be absorbed into systemabsorbed into system

HARMFUL EFFECTSHARMFUL EFFECTS

Delayed effectsDelayed effectsDo not appear immediately (>24 hours)Do not appear immediately (>24 hours)

Several yearsSeveral yearsRepeatedRepeatedSingle exposure - a large exposure that may Single exposure - a large exposure that may

take several days to affecttake several days to affect

HARMFUL EFFECTSHARMFUL EFFECTS

Delayed effectsDelayed effectschronic effectschronic effects - several - several

yearsyears tumors, cancer, or tumors, cancer, or

mutagenic effectsmutagenic effectsdevelopmental and developmental and

reproductive effectsreproductive effectsbirth defects, infertility or birth defects, infertility or

impotenceimpotence

HARMFUL EFFECTSHARMFUL EFFECTS

Delayed effectsDelayed effectssystemic effectssystemic effects

blood, nervous, lung, liver or blood, nervous, lung, liver or kidney disorderskidney disorders

HARMFUL EFFECTSHARMFUL EFFECTS

Allergic effectsAllergic effectsharmful effects that some people develop harmful effects that some people develop

that others do notthat others do notSensitizationSensitization

first exposure, no reactionfirst exposure, no reactionsecond exposure, allergic responsesecond exposure, allergic response

SIGNS OF HARMFUL EFFECTSSIGNS OF HARMFUL EFFECTS

SymptomsSymptoms - nausea or headache (feel) - nausea or headache (feel)SignsSigns - vomiting or fainting (see) - vomiting or fainting (see)

SIGNS OF HARMFUL EFFECTSSIGNS OF HARMFUL EFFECTS

External irritantsExternal irritants - skin reactions, - skin reactions, swelling, redness, etc.swelling, redness, etc.

PoisoningPoisoning - chest pains, breathing, - chest pains, breathing, cramps, nausea, etc.cramps, nausea, etc.

FIRST AIDFIRST AID

SkinSkindrench skin with waterdrench skin with water remove clothing and equipmentremove clothing and equipmentwash with mild liquid detergentwash with mild liquid detergentdry and protect from overheating dry and protect from overheating

and chillingand chillingcover area, but do NOT apply cover area, but do NOT apply

ointmentointment

FIRST AIDFIRST AID

EyeEye flush eyes for 15 minutes or moreflush eyes for 15 minutes or more

FIRST AIDFIRST AID

InhalationInhalationget fresh airget fresh air loosen clothing loosen clothing

FIRST AIDFIRST AID

SwallowedSwallowed rinse mouth with water (very first step)rinse mouth with water (very first step)Then, follow labelThen, follow label

quart of milk or water quart of milk or water

FIRST AIDFIRST AID

SwallowedSwallowed induce vomiting induce vomiting if instructedif instructedDO NOT vomit if:DO NOT vomit if:

unconscious or in convulsionsunconscious or in convulsionscorrosive poisoningcorrosive poisoningEC, death if inhaledEC, death if inhaled

HEAT STRESSHEAT STRESS

often due to PPE limiting the ability to cooloften due to PPE limiting the ability to cool take seriously, 10% of cases are fataltake seriously, 10% of cases are fatalheat cramps result from loss of body salt heat cramps result from loss of body salt

through heavy sweatingthrough heavy sweating

HEAT STRESSHEAT STRESS

Symptoms Symptoms fatiguefatiguedizzinessdizzinessconfusionconfusion

HEAT STRESSHEAT STRESS

First aid First aid get to cool areaget to cool areacool skin with water and fanscool skin with water and fans

no ice bathno ice bath remove clothingremove clothingdrink lots of waterdrink lots of water

HAZARD COMMUNICATION HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD (HCS)STANDARD (HCS)

list all hazardous chemicals in workplacelist all hazardous chemicals in workplaceMSDS, material safety data sheetsMSDS, material safety data sheetsall containers labeledall containers labeledprovide adequate trainingprovide adequate training

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT (OSHA)HEALTH ACT (OSHA)

OSHA investigates operations and OSHA investigates operations and complaintscomplaints

administered by U.S. Department of Laboradministered by U.S. Department of Labor requires employers must keep records of requires employers must keep records of

all work-related injuriesall work-related injuries