HARDWORKING KOREANS: educational & sociocultural factors 알렉산드라 Alexandra 엘리사...
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Transcript of HARDWORKING KOREANS: educational & sociocultural factors 알렉산드라 Alexandra 엘리사...
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HARDWORKING KOREANS:
educational & sociocultural factors
알렉산드라 Alexandra엘리사 Elisabeth
유카 Jyka
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CONTENT
I. Introduction
II. Education & Training
III. Sociocultural Characteristics
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INTRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITY
PRIOR
KNOWLEDGE
BASE
INTENSITY
OF EFFORT
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INTRODUCTION
TWO MAIN QUESTIONS:
• How have Koreans acquired knowledge so quickly?
• Why have Koreans worked so hard?
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EDUCATION & TRAINING: key points
• General Education
• Vocational Training
• Tertiary Education
• U.S. Influence and Study Abroad
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GENERAL EDUCATION
1. GROWTH OF GOVERNMENT
INVESTMENT
1951 - 2,5%
1966 – 17%
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GENERAL EDUCATION
2. ENROLLMENT SYSTEM HAS
INCREASED RAPIDLY
1953 - 21%
1994 – 99%
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GENERAL EDUCATION
3. UNIQUE FEATURE:
expansion in all
levels of education = economic
development
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GENERAL EDUCATION
NUMBER OF HIGH STUDENTS
1953 – 160,000
1994 – 2 million
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VOCATIONAL TRAINING
1. Establishment of vocational
secondary school by large
private firms
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VOCATIONAL TRAINING
2. Vocational Training Laws
(1966, 1974)
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TERTIARY EDUCATION: achievements
UNIVERSITY ENROLLMENT
1953 - 38,400
1994 – 1,15 million
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TERTIARY EDUCATION: achievements
ENROLLMENT AT JUNIOR COLLEGES
AND UNIVERSITIES
1953 – 3,1%
1994 – 48,8%
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TERTIARY EDUCATION: achievements
THE NUMBER OF R&D SCIENTISTS AND
ENGINEERS
1980 - 18,434
1993 – 98,764
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TERTIARY EDUCATION: drawbacks
1. A short-term unemployment
2. Low quality of education
3. Underinvestment at all educational
levels since 1970
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U.S. INFLUENCE AND STUDY ABROAD
Key points:
• Military service
• Overseas training
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U.S. INFLUENCE AND STUDY ABROAD
The main drawback of overseas
training:
• The refusal of overseas graduates to
return home
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U.S. INFLUENCE AND STUDY ABROAD
Measures taken:
• Establishment of the Korea Institute of
Science and Technology
• Challenging jobs and attractive
compensation packages
• The “Brain Pool”
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SOCIOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS: KEY POINTS
• Neo-Confucianism
• Situational Factors
• Labor Unrest
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NEO-CONFUCIANISM
Five traditional values of Confucianism:
• absolute loyalty to the ruler
• the submission of wife to husband
• strict seniority in social order
• mutual trust in human relations
• filial piety and respect
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NEO-CONFUCIANISM
THE NEW CONFUCIAN
ETHNICS
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NEO-CONFUCIANISM
1. Education is of vital importance
2. Clan
3. Harmonious interpersonal relations
4. The pursuit of the highest good
5. Discipline
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SITUATIONAL FACTORS
Hardworking Koreans at the
individual level:
- Tenacity to endure hardship
- “Han”
- “Examination hell”
- Korea’s physical environment
- A sense of “beat Japan”
- Memories of Japanese occupation
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SITUATIONAL FACTORS
• Hardworking Koreans at the
individual level
• Entrepreneurship
• Discipline at the organizational level
• Mobility & networking at the societal
level
• Nationalism at the country level
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LABOR UNREST
• 1970 - 1987
• 1987-1989
• 1989 - nowadays
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Thank you for attention.