Hardware Design & Simulation of Advanced Traffic Light
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Transcript of Hardware Design & Simulation of Advanced Traffic Light
8/4/2019 Hardware Design & Simulation of Advanced Traffic Light
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INTRODUCTIONTraffic lights, which may also be known as stoplights,
traffic lamps, traffic signals, stop-and-go light , are
signaling devices positioned at road intersections,
pedestrian crossings and other locations to control
competing flows of traffic. Traffic lights have beeninstalled in most cities around the world. They assign
the right of way to road users by the use of lights in
standard colors (red - amber/yellow - green), using a
universal color code (and a precise sequence to enablecomprehension by those who are color blind).
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Typically traffic lights consist of a set of three colored lights: red, amber/yellow
and green. In a typical cycle,Illumination of the green light allows
traffic to proceed in the direction
denoted,Illumination of the amber/yellow light
denoting, if safe to do so, prepare to stop
short of the intersection, andIllumination of the red signal prohibits
any traffic from proceeding.
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TOOLS USED TO DESIGN
ADVANCED TRAFFIC LIGHT
1. AVR MICROCONTROLLER2. ATMEL PROGRAMMER.
3. ATMEL 89C51 controller,
4. DRIVER BC557,
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Dip Switches
( Jumpers )
Power Supply
LEDIndication
Microcontroller
Timer ON/OFFSwitch
Driver 1Signal Lamp
1
Driver2
Driver 3
Driver 4
Signal Lamp
2
Signal Lamp3
Signal Lamp4
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Signal lamp consists of cluster of Red, Green, andYellow LED’s. These lamps requires current of 60mA which microcontroller doesn’t capable to
deliver . Drivers are used to deliver this required current.
The purpose of microcontroller is to switch on thesignal lamps with proper timing and to read the
timer ON/OFF switch and to dip switches for passtime delay.
With the help of timer ON/OFF switch, the Timercan be enabled or disabled.
Led show the status of operation. By configuring jumpers, the pass time delay can be
changed.
5V regulated power supply is required.
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DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS USED1. AVR MICROCONTROLLER :-
The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture
machine where program and data is storedin separate physical memory systems thatappear in different address spaces, but
having the ability to read data items fromprogram memory using special instructions.
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The AVR was one of the first
microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program
storage, as opposed to one-time
programmable ROM, EPROM, orEEPROM used by other
microcontrollers at the time.
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AVR Microcontrollers have been
used in various automotiveapplications.
Some of them are :-
Security,
Safety
Power trainEntertainment systems
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2. ATMEL AT89S51 :-
ATMEL AT89S51 is used in the project. Thisparticular microcontroller is chosen becausefollowing features:
1. 4K Bytes of In-System programmable flashmemory.
2. Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
3. 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
4. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz5. 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
6. 32 Programmable I/O Lines
7. Low cost.
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3. LED LIGHTS :-
These lights are used for display purpose.
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4. Sensors :-
In this , those types of sensors will be used whichwill turn the light green on listening emergency
vehicle’s noise like ambulance.
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OBJECTIVE This project aims at use of AVR
Microcontroller for the control of traffic
lights in our traffic system.Few of the main features of this project are :-
Proteus Simulation
Use of LCD lights for traffic control
Right side traffic control also
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CONTROL OF TRAFFIC LIGHT IN
CASE OF PASSING OF
AMBULANCE
For this a system known as TRAFFIC SIGNAL
PREEMPTION is used
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TRAFFIC SIGNAL PREEMPTIONTraffic signal preemption is a type of system
that allows the normal operation of traffic lights
to be preempted, often to assist emergencyvehicles . The most common use of these
systems is to manipulate traffic signals in the
path of an emergency vehicle like‘AMBULANCE’, stopping conflicting traffic and
allowing the emergency vehicle right-of-way, to
help reduce response times and enhance traffic
safety.
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IMPLEMENTATION Traffic preemption devices are implemented in a variety of ways.
They can be installed on road vehicles, integrated with traintransportation network management systems, or operated byremote control from a fixed location, such as a fire station, or by a9-1-1 dispatcher at an emergency call center. Traffic lights must be equipped to receive an activation signal to be controlled byany system intended for use in that area. A traffic signal not equipped to receive a traffic preemption signal will not recognizean activation, and will continue to operate in its normal cycle.
Vehicular devices can be switched on or off as needed, but in thecase of emergency vehicles they are frequently integrated with
the vehicle's emergency warning lights. When activated, thetraffic preemption device will cause properly-equipped trafficlights in the path of the vehicle to cycle immediately, to grant right-of-way in the desired direction, after allowing for normalprogrammed time delays for signal changes and pedestriancrosswalks to clear.