Hardships of early Industrial life By: Kamakoa Wong.
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Transcript of Hardships of early Industrial life By: Kamakoa Wong.
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Hardships of early Industrial life
By: Kamakoa Wong
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The new industrial city
• The industrial city brought vapid urbanization. • Vapid urbanization means Urbanization is a
population shift from rural to urban areas
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The factory system
• The heart of the industrial era was the factory's.
• It was the begging of a new era when every one left the farm to work in big city's.
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Life in a mill
• Life in a regular mill which had adults working there was quite different from textile mills where children worked in.
• Some mills offered decent living and schooling but that wasn’t in the usa.
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Life in a textile mill
• Life in a textile mill as a kid was hard tough rough and very very long.
• Average work day was 10-15 hours long with little or no breaks
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The working class
• The working class where farm families people who lived In rule villages and just off the street type of guy who is looking for minimum wage.
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The new middle class
• The middle class are the people who benefited the most out of the industrial revolution.
• Most middle class where merchants and skilled artisans.
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Benefits
• The benefits to the industrial revolution were• They made a law to improve working
condition. • Workers went on strike and created a union to
protect them selfs.
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Problems
• The problems of the industrial revolution were that it brought terrible hardships.
• Lot of people lost jobs• To much supply and no demand • Everything was getting expensive • And low pay to the workers who have a job
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Laissez-Faire economics
• Physiocrats argued that natural laws should be allowed to operate without interference.
• They believed that the government should not interfere in the free operation of the economy.
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Adam Smith
• Adam smith was the main prophet in the Laissez-Faire economics.
• Author of The Wealth of Nations.
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Malthus on population
• Thomas Malthus writings on population shaped economic thinking for generations.
• Malthus grimly predicted that populations would outpace the food and supply.
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Ricardo on wages
• David Ricardo was another influential British economist.
• He agreed with Malthus that the poor has to many children.
• He created “iron law of wages” and appointed that when wages where high families had more children.
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The Utilitarian's
• Utilitarian's the idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens.
• John Stuart mill argued that actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they cause pain.
• Most middle class rejected Mills ideas.
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Emergence of socialism
• Socialism: A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
• Created a gulf between rich and the poor. To “end poverty” and injustice.
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The utopians
• Early socialist tried to build self-sufficient communities in which all work was shared and all property was owned in common.
• There was no difference between rich or poor with these communities.
• Utopian means impractical dreamers.
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Robert Owen
• A poor Welsh boy, who became a successful mill owner.
• Unlike most industrialist he refused to use child labor.
• Owen insisted that the conditions in which his people lived shaped their character.
• He wanted to prove his theory so he build a factory in New Lanark, Scotland.
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Robert Owen
• He built homes for workers• Opened a school. • A generally treated his employees well. • He showed that a employer could offer decent
living and still make a profitable business. • By the 1820s many people where visiting New
Lanark to study Owens reforms.
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“Scientific socialism” Karl Marx
• In 1840 Karl Marx a German philosopher condemned the ideas of Utopians and unrealistic idealism.
• He put forward a new theory “Scientific socialism” which he claimed was based on a scientific study for history.
• Communism: a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
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Marxism
• Marx theorized that economics was the driving force in history.
• He argued was “the history of class stuggles” between the “haves” and “have not's.”
• Proletariat: “Have not's”• Bourgeoisie: “Haves”
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Looking ahead
• Marxism gained a lot of popularity with many people around the world. Leaders of a number of reform movements adopted the idea that power should be healed by workers rather than business owners.
• Marxs practice would never be practiced as he imagined it.
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Failures
• The failures of Marxist governments would illustrate the flaws in his arguments.
• Marx claimed that his ideas were based on his scientific lawns.
• Marx also predicted that workers would unite across national boarders to wage class warfare. Instead nationalism won out over working class loyalty.
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Revolution
• These failures did not doom the movement instantly.
• In the late 1800s Russian socialist embraced Marxism. And the Russian revolution of 1917 set up a communist-inspired government.
• By 1900s revolutionaries around the world would adapt to Marxist ideas to their own needs.
• By 1990s every nation would incorporate elements of free-market capitalism.
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Biblography
• The book• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/
communism• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/
socialism• http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/
speech/2014/03/23/urbanization-and-urban-rural-integrated-development