Hard Skills and Soft Power - for college students of the 21st Century

Dr. Haydn Chen President

Tunghai University, Taiwan

The Time of Fast Changes: 快速變遷的時代(1/3):

• Time of ever-accelerating pace of historical change, the ever-increasing knowledge, the ever-increasing globalization and an ever-increasing speed to make people “run to and from”.

在歷史變革中，這個時代正以加速的步調不斷改變，知識、全球化與速度遽增，使人們疲於奔命。

The Time of Fast Changes: 快速變遷的時代(2/3):

• Consequence of the above is an age of “global paradox”: – Ever-decreasing wisdom – Ever-increasing fragmentation on social,

economic, political grounds – Ever-varying job market 上述的結果正顯現出全球化的兩難困境 – 不斷降低的智慧 – 社會面、經濟面、政治面的分隔不斷擴大 – 不斷變化的工作職塲

The Time of Fast Changes: 快速變遷的時代(3/3):

• In time of fast changes, we, as educators in higher education, must help our students learn how to learn so they would become valuable contributors to the ever-changing society.

在變遷如此快速的時代中，我們作為高等教育學府中的教育者，必須幫助學生學會如何學習，使他們在不斷改變的社會中能成為有價值的貢獻者。

21世紀企業想要甚麼樣的人才? Kinds of people enterprises want in the 21st century ?

1. 學習力與可塑性 ability to learn and to adjust（49.8%） 2. 態度主動積極 proactive attitude（49.8%） 3. 專業知識與技能 professional specialty（43.4%） 4. 配合度與穩定性 adaptability and stability（42.3%） 5. 責任感與自我管理能力 responsibility and self management（40.7%）

資料來源：2011遠見雜誌

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• 創新實踐者 innovation and practice • 跨領域合成者 cross disciplinary • 三商兼高者 IQ, EQ, SQ • 高效能溝通者 effective communicator • 熱愛工作者 passion toward work • 積極主動者 proactive attitude • 樂觀向上者 optimistic and advancing mentality

取自「做二十一世紀的人才」 Google大中華區總裁 李開復 先生

• 道德感 moral standards • 前瞻性的看法 forward looking • 啟發性的態度 inspiring attitude • 執行力 execution ability • 樂觀,謙虛 optimism and humble • 適應力,迎戰力 adaptability and facing challenges • 有魅力 charisma • 有改革能力 ability to change

臺積電董事長張忠謀

21世紀8個教育目標 8 Education Objectives in the 21st century

“Our Underachieving College” by Derek Bok，2008，大學教了沒， 天下文化

Learning to Think

Building Character

Preparation for Citizenship

Living with Diversity

Preparing for a Global Society

Acquiring Broader Interests

Preparing for Career Adventurous

& Knowlegible

College Students

Learning to Communicate

University must provide students with…… 大學教育應培育學生…

• Hard Skills 硬實力 – Specific knowledge, techniques, theories, training etc.

in a given specialized discipline/major 專業課目技能

• Soft Skills (or Soft Power )軟實力 – Other abilities and practices mentioned previously

上述非「專業科目」的能力

Smart Power巧實力 = Hard Skills + Soft Skills

現在學生有多少時間可以應用? Time distribution of present college students.

• 破碎的時間 fragmented time periods

• 不高的學習誘因 lacking learning motivation

• 我們能夠做甚麼? What can we do?

上課時間(週)

準備課業時間(週)

每週睡覺時間(6/day)

每週吃飯時間(3/day)

每週剩餘時間

22 hrs

22 hrs

42 hrs 21 hrs

61 hrs 36.3%

Weekly chores

In class

study

sleeping

dine

Unplanned remaining time

Birds eye view of Tunghai University

東海大學的21世紀教育理念 Education Purposes at Tunghai Univ.

博雅學習 ＋ 專業學習 ＝全人教育

博雅學習

全人教育

專業學習

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倫理道德與終身學習的意願及能力

大學入門 大學引導 勞作教育 住宿學習 社團活動 體育價值

公民陶塑計畫 服務學習 通識教育 職涯教育 國際教育 環境教育

生命與靈性教育

Liberal Arts Learning Specialty Learning Whole Person Education

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Steering Committee for Liberal Arts Learning

Learning of Soft Power at Tunghai University

Entrance Orientation

Learning & Reflection

Student Labor

Service Learning at Various levels

Extra curriculum Activities (clubs)

Residence Learning

Internationalization

Career Planning

General Education

Sports

大學入門 Orientation on “Entering College”

• Objectives：建立關係、發現自我 Developing relationships, discover ones selves

• 主軸 Themes: ：我的東海 my Tunghai 、我的人生 my life 、我的希望 my hope。

• 兩階段 Two Steps： 大學入門訓練（4天3夜的活動，不算學分）College Entrance Orientation (4days and 3nights with no credit)、大學引導（2學分，新鮮人自由選修，通過或不通過） Leading to College (2 credits, elective, P/N grade)

• 兩階段都有輔導同仁 ，分成二級 alpha leader（AL）與alpha mentor（AM）協助引導各系新鮮人融入大學生活。

Both steps were led by two layers of students and faculty called AL (Alpha Leaders) and AM (Alpha Mentors).

• AL與AM都需要接受引導教育的體驗與培訓 Both AL and AM received comprehensive trainings in leading the student groups.

• 開學後AL還需要繼續接受「引導技術反思」的細部訓練 AL had to take special courses in “Leadership and Reflection Skills” 12

Orientation on “Entering College Camp”

Unity – 4000 Students Playing “Bottle” Game

α-mentors (20~34)

α-leaders (200)

α-group (freshman)

(3400)

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大學入門與大學引導之AL和AM架構

Pyramid structure of social network in “Entering College” Course

AL= Alpha Leader AM= Alpha Mentor

2011 開學典禮 Freshmen Orientation Camp

公民素養陶塑計畫 Molding of Civic Quality

• 全校課程地圖之改善 → 強化學生自我探索的學習能力

Strengthening students with the capability of exercising adventure in learning and its outcomes

• 發展「大一年」＝大學入門＋大學引導＋alpha group＋勞作教育＋住宿學習

Freshmen Year: Combined “Entering College” orientation and freshmen course with the assistance of AL and AM, along with residential living and learning program, student labor…..

• 設計通識核心課程 redesign of core course in General Education

• 發展「社會參與之學習」→ 如各系的專業性服務學習

participating in “service learning” activities by outreaching to society

• 生活學習圈的營造 → 發展虛擬公共論壇與生活公約

Development of living and social environment, in real and virtual domain

• 核心素養融入專業課程 → 將倫理、民主、科學、美學與媒體等五大素養融入各系的專業課程 Integration of civic quality in disciplinary courses

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大學入門 + 大學引導 +

公民文化 + 勞作教育

志工培訓、服務性社團、希望小學、 共同選修課程 形塑團隊

國際志工

專業 服務學習

形塑團隊

Discover the da Vinci code in “Service Learning” at Tunghai

Freshmen year+ student labor + civic course

Volunteers, service clubs, TAs, electives

International and professional service learning

體育活動學習 Learning from Sports

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體育課程發展的價值取向： Values of Sports participation • 學科精熟價值取向。Skill development • 學習過程價值取向。Processes of learning • 社會重建價值取向。Societal reconstruction • 自我實現價值取向。Self fulfillment

軟實力的學習 Soft Power to be learnt: 毅力 perseverance、耐力 endurance、紀律discipline、忍耐 patience、愛心 caring 、勇氣 courage、誠實 honesty、公義 justice、服從obedience、領導 leadership、情緒管理 emotion management、團隊合作 team work、溝通協調 communication and coordination、價值觀 value and ethics、責任感 responsibilities……

通識教育的配合調整 Revitalization and Integration of GE

• 通識教育GE ＝共同必修 common courses ＋通識課程 general courses

• Four Areas: 人文 Humanity、社會（含管理）Social Sciences、自然（含生命科學）Natural Sciences 與跨領域 Cross-displinary等四大領域

• 結合校級教育目標與五大素養，設計核心大綱，貫穿所有通識課程

Design GE courses to reach the university learning outcome objectives

• 發展多元的通識教學方法與課程評鑑（不限於紙筆測驗）Implement diversified evaluation methods for grading purpose

• 協助調整共同必修 Adjustment of Common Corses：

大一中文 → 大一中文寫作 emphasize writing in Chinese

大一英文 → 大一與大二英文 required two years English

大一歷史 → 通識課程（人文領域）redesign freshmen course on history

資訊教育 → 通識課程（自然領域）redesign freshmen course on IT

大二公民文化 → 大一「大學入門與公民素養」course of civil responsibility

• 將各系所舉辦的演講與活動，融入通識課程，成為課程評鑑的一部分

requiring GE course be included in the departmental curriculum

職涯教育 Career Planning Career Development Map

Adventure in Freshmen year

Cultivation in Sophomore year

Planning and Practices in Junior year

Enhancement In Senior year

求真、篤信、力行 東海大學校訓

明日年輕頭腦的教育操之於今日的老師