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Hans G. Natke· James T. P. Yao
Structural Safety Evaluation Based on System Identification Approaches
Vieweg ------International Scientific ---------------..
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Methods in Clinical Pharmacology Norbert Rietbrock and Barry Woodcock
Advances in Solid State Physics
Advances in Structure Research by Diffraction Methods
Vieweg --------------------"
Hans G. Natke . James T. P. Vao
Structural Safety Evaluation Based on
System Identification Approaches
Proceedings of the Workshop at Lambrecht/Pfalz
M Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH
This volume contents the proceedings of the Workshop on Structural Safety Evaluation Based on System Identification Approaches, held in Lambrecht/Pfalz June 29th to July 1 st 1987, Organized
by H. G. Natke, Curt-Risch-Institut, TU Hannover.
A II rights reserved
© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 1988 Originally published by Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig 1988
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior of permission of the copyright holder.
ISBN 978-3-528-06313-9 ISBN 978-3-663-05657-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-663-05657-7
Contents
Preface (H.G.Natke/J. T.P. Yao) ................................. .
Damage Descriptions and Basic Requirements ......................... 7
Cracked Cross Section Measurement in Rotating Machinery B. O. Dirr, D. Hartmann, B. K. Schmalhorst
9
System Identification ......................................... 29
Utilization of Experimental Investigations in the Process of Tower Structures
Dynamic Identification R. Ciesielski, J. Kawecki
On the Determination of the Number of Effective Modes from Vibration
30
Test Data ................................................. 49
M. Link
Structural System Identification from Modal Information J.-G. Beliveau
System Identification Using Nonlinear Structural Models P.Jayakumar, J. L. Beck
Identification of Hysteretic Structural Behaviour from Strong Motion
69
82
Accelerograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 103 C.· Y. Peng, W. D. Iwan
Calibration of Nonlinear Constitutive Laws for Elastic-Plastic Analysis in Presence of Creep Strains A. Nappi, A. Gavazzi
118
Inelastic Modeling and System Identification ......................... 142 Y. K. Wen, H.-S.Ang
Identification of Equivalent Linear Systems .......................... 161 C. Paliou, M. Shinozuka
Reliability of an Identification System for Predicting Incipient Capsize Due to
Chaotic Rolling Motion of a Ship ................................. 182 E. Yarimer, L. N. Virgin
Correlation of Analysis and Test in Modeling of Structures: Assessment and Review ....... . 195
S. R. Ibrahim
Localization Techniques ....................................... 212
G. Lallement
A Two Stage Identification Approach in Updating the Analytical Model of Buildings ................................................. 234
M. A. M. Torkamani, A. K. Ahmadi
Interaction between System Identification and Damage Evaluation ........... 265
Reliability Based Factor of Safety for Unmanned Spacecrafts T. De Mollerat, C. Vidal, M. Klein
Parameter Identification for Reliability in Markov Cumulative Damage
Processes ..................... . P. Voltz, F. Kozin
A System Identification Approach to the Detection of Changes in Structural
Parameters ................................ .
M. S. Agbabian, S. F. Masri, R. K. Miller, T. K. Caughey
266
313
341
Time Domain Identification of Linear Structures .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 357 V. C.Matzen
Fuzzy Data Processing in Damage Assessment ......................... 381 H. Furuta, M. Shiraishi
Concepts ................................................. 393
A Systems Approach to Fire Safety Engineering J.A.Purkiss
394
Experimental Vulnerability Detection in Civil Structures .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 414
P.lbanez
The Machinery Vibration and Wear Advancement Identification and Forecasting
C.Cempel .... 415
Bridge Inspection by Dynamic Tests and Calculations Dynamic Investigations of Lavant Bridge ............................................ 433
R. G. Flesch, K. Kernbichler
System Identification Approaches in Structural Safety Evaluation ........... 460 H. G. Natke, J. T. P. Yao
Structural Damage Assessment Using a System Identification Technique ....... 474 J.-Ch. Chen, J.A. Garba
Summary of Workshop Discussion
J.-L.Beck (Recorder) ......................................... 494
Concluding Remarks and Recommendations
H.G.Natke/J.T.P.Yao ........................................ 498
Preface
H. G.Natke, J. T.P. Yao
Preface
The idea of this workshop originated during a collaborative
research project by the Editors, who share a common interest
in safety evaluation based on theoretical and experimental
structural analysis. We believe that "Safety Evaluation
Based on System Identification Approaches" is an important a detailed topic in engineering applications
and critical consideration. Civil
were emphasized at this workshop.
and needs
engi neeri ng appl i cati ons Nevertheless, the inter-
disciplinary nature of this subject matter requires commu
nication among experts with various backgrounds and ex
perience.
It was not felt necessary to give an introduction to
the topics as covered herein. For a detailed description
of these topics, the interested reader can refer to several
textbooks and surveys as listed at the end of this preface. The role of system identification is shown in Fig. 1 and an extended identification methodology for safety
evaluation is illustrated in Fig. 2 (from the paper by H. G. Natke and J. T. P. Yao in the Proceedings).
W Cl:C ::::> •... f-: <i: z: lJ..: 0:
W: f-. <i: f-: Vl: . : Li._ f I~-I ,: I
. I i7l: I >-: I
EXCITATION RESpONSE.
;i: I z: L -r COLLECTiON OFl <i : ibOOITIONAL OATA..J~.r.=:==-='=~=c=~
pO'SSH'iL"E Aerlof,is':', : .. EXPERIENCED ENGR ........... ·:.·O··:E:C::IS::I·O·:N:JA· 'N' 'A' L'y' ·S·I·S·.' .. ° NORMAL OPERATION :-.. : .----=~-:-=~___, ° SPECIAL MEASURES: ESTIMATEO ···r············· -r ....
............................. : SYSTEM EQUATIONS :. , ............ "': ESTIMATED :
·CHARACTERISTICS .... -:RELIABILlTY· .. _RELIABILITY ECONOMICAL EXPE:C"TE·O···· ... ~--------' :.~.NA,LY?.I~ ... : FUNCTION CONSIOERATION FUTURE EXCITATION
FIG.1 SYSTEM IOENTIFICATION METHOOOLOGY
w a:
2
~ :' ........................................ .. ~ : EXCITATION r.:::::~=-:==-------, RESPONSE z : ~-.-~-~~~~~
FIG.2 EXTENDED SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION METHODOLOGY FOR-COMPLEX AND HIGHLY NONLINEAR STRUCTURES
In Fig. 1, the current system identification methodology
and its application are shown schematically. Usually,
excitation and response data are measured and processed
for use in system identification studies. Results of
these studies are used by experienced engineers, who use the
resulting mathematical equations for additional structural
analyses including reliability calculations. In the ex
tended system identification methodology as shown sche
matically in Fig. 2, we propose to include the identifica
tion of limit states with the additional input data such
as inspection results, laboratory test data, and results
of nondestructive evaluations. Such data may be either
crisp or fuzzy, which may require new techniques for data
3
processing. In addition we propose the development of
expert systems including data bases and inference machines
as consultative aid to the experienced engineers who are
decision makers. An add,'t,'onal h' emp as,s is placed on the need for an ,'mproved model 'th k w, nown confidence.
Fig. 3 contains a list of the topics treated. Initially
we should know the definition and description of damage.
Looking at the usual mathematical models in their discrete
(with respect to local coordinates) form such as finite
elements or multi-body models, any changes in their para
meters (physical or modal) may serve the purpose for the
detection of structural modifications, which are caused
by damage. Some of the required parameters cannot be
measured directly. How certain are we in making such
statements? I~hat are the most suitable quantities? I~hat
are the optimum testing (including measurement) conditions?
These questions should be addressed in detail before
the tools for the detection and localization of structure
modifications by identification methods are discussed
in general.
The discussion of system identification approaches is
included in Item No.2 in Fig. 3. Section 2.1 may be
conceived as direct modal identification. Updating math
ematical models (2.3) using measured or identified quan
tities is an important topic in order to obtain models
with known confidence. Here the a priori knowledge coming
from system analysis can be included. Instrumentation
and data processing are important parts of identification,
since the quality of the results depends on them.
The interaction between the results of system identifica
tion (estimated modifications) and damage evaluation is
discussed in Item No.3. Here probabilistic methods and
related mathematics such as fuzzy sets are presented.
4
WORKSHOP
ON STRUCTURAL SAFETY EVALUATION
BASED ON SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION APPROACHES
1. DAMAGE DESCRIPTIONS AND BASIC REQUIREMENTS
1.1 STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
1.2 PARAMETERS (SENSITIVITY)
1.3 DM1AGE INDICES
1.4 TEST REQUIREMENTS
2. SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION
2.1 IDENTIFICATION OF LINEAR SYSTU1S
2.2 IDENTIFICATION OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS
2.3 UPDATING OF ANALYTICAL MODELS
2.4 INSTRUIHNTATION, DATA PROCESSING
3. INTERACTION BEHJEEN SYSTU~ IDENTIFICATION
AND DAMAGE EVALUATION
3.1. STOCHASTICS
3 • 2 FUZZ Y SETS
3.3 PATTERN RECOGNITION, EXPERT SYSTE~1S
4. CONC E PTS
4.1 LINEAR MODELS
4.2 NONLINEAR MODELS
Fig. 3 List of the topics
5
Under Item No.4 in Fig. 3, concepts of damage evaluation
are discussed. Ideally both linear and nonlinear models
should be considered. However, only linear models are
presented herein.
In the above-mentioned categories the papers are classi
fied in an arbitrary manner. Several papers cover more
than one item. The reader will find several topics cov
ered by many authors, and other topi cs wi thout coverage.
This may be interpreted as an indication of the state of the art.
The aim of the workshop was to bring together several
researchers in different fields of experience in order
to
(a) document the state of the art,
(b) discuss the topics from different viewpoints, and (c) obtain recommendations regarding future work.
We wish to express our sincere gratitude to
Stiftung Volkswagenwerk, Hannover, FRG,
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., USA,
Rheinland-Pfalz, Staatskanzlei, Mainz, FRG, Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Ingenieurdirektion, Hamburg, FRG,
Dornier GmbH, Friedrichshafen, FRG,
for their encouragement and generous support, without
which the workshop would not have been possible.
In addition the organizers want to thank all participants for their active interest and valuable contributions.
References
1. J. T. P. Yao: Safety and Reliability of Existing
Structures; Pitman Publ. Inc.,
Boston, London, Melbourne, 1985
6
2. H. G. Natke (Ed.): Identification of Vibrating Struc-
3. H. G. Natke:
4. H. G. Natke (Ed.):
5. F. Kozin, H. G. Natke:
tures; CISM Courses and LEcture
No. 272 , S p r i n 9 e r , Wi en. New Y or k ,
1982
EinfUhrung i n Theorie und Praxis
der Zeitreihen- und
Vieweg,
1983
Braunschweig,
Modal analyse;
Wiesbaden.
Application of System Identification
in Engineering; CISM Courses and
Lecture No. 296, Springer. Wien,
New York, wi 11 appear
System Identification Techniques;
Structural Safety 3 (1986) 269 - 316.