Verified Emission Reductions from Bundled Methane Avoidance Projects by MSW Processing in Maharashtra and Gujarat, India

Project Owner:

M/s Hanjer Biotech Energies Pvt. Ltd.

PROJECT INFORMATION AND PICUTRES

Project locations Village Urli Dewanci, Pune City, (state of Maharashtra)

Villages Uttan and Pali, Mira Bhayander City, (state of Maharashtra) Sachin Surat Village, Surat City, (state of Gujarat)

Village Gokhivare, Vasai City, (state of Maharashtra) Village Alsava, Junagadh City (state of Gujarat)

Authorized person for report preparation, and report preparation: Mr Kishore Butani Carbonyatra 52 Escada, Rebello Road, Bandra (W), Mumbai 400050 Maharashtra India www.carbonyatra.com Mr. Vihar Pancholi, Maverik Incorporation 2 - Giribaug, Behind Center Point, Alkapuri, R.C. Dutt Road, Vadodara 390005. Gujarat. India Subscription to ISO:14064-II

Executive Summary

M/S Hanjer Biotech Energies (P) Ltd. (HBEPL), the project proponent, has commissioned five municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment facilities to produce Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) which are supplied to local industries to replace fossil fuels for thermal applications. The five project activities thus result in GHG emission reductions by avoiding methane emissions which would otherwise have been released due to anaerobic decomposition of the MSW in uncontrolled landfill sites and the use of an equivalent amount of fossil fuels displaced by RDF pellets used for thermal energy generation in the industries supplied. The present project document is description is assertion for GHG mitigation from project proponent as per requirements as identified in ISO 14064-II.

Name of facility

“Municipal Solid Waste processing (MSW) in the city of Pune, India” at Urli Dewanci, Pune in the state of Maharashtra

Municipal Solid Waste processing (MSW) in the city of Mira Bhayander, India” at Uttan and Pali, Mira Bhayander of Thane District, Maharashtra.

“Municipal Solid Waste processing in the city of Surat, India” at Paiki, Khajod Final Disposal Site, Sachin Surat, Surat, Gujarat

Municipal Solid Waste processing (MSW) in the city of Vasai, India” at Gokhivare village, Vasai Taluka, Thane District in the state of Maharashtra

Municipal Solid Waste processing in the city of Junagadh, India” at Alsava village, Junagadh city in the state of Gujarat.

Location Urli Dewanci, Pune in the state of Maharashtra

Uttan and Pali, Mira Bhayander of Thane District, Maharashtra

Paiki, Khajod Final Disposal Site, Sachin Surat, Surat, Gujarat

Gokhivare village, Vasai Taluka, Thane District in the state of Maharashtra

Alsava village, Junagadh city in the state of Gujarat

Project Commissioning Date

September 2008 April 2008 September 2008 September 2008 September 2008

Project Participant: M/s Hanjer Biotech Energies Pvt. Ltd. Monitoring Period: September 2008-December 2010

TYPE: Large Scale Project Activities

“Avoided emissions from organic waste through alternative waste treatment process”

Approved baseline and monitoring methodology AM0025

Sustainability: Economic and Social

Well Being

The project’s contribution to sustainable development is

assessed on the following basis:

1. The project activity generates employment in the plant during

construction stage and later on in operation & maintenance of

plant/ machinery.

2. The project activity helps in emission reduction of methane, a potent GHG otherwise generated due to anaerobic decomposition

of waste in unsecured landfill site.

3. Reserves of fossil fuels are depleting with increasing demand

for energy in the country, the project activity helps in conservation of fossil fuels and in enhancing nation’s energy

security.

4. Ground water contamination due to leakage of leachate is

avoided by the project activity. Also, current practice of MSW

dumping attracts animals, flies and birds over the landfill area. By

avoiding open dumping, the aesthetics of the city would be

enhanced and overall hygiene of the area in and around the landfill

sites would be appreciably improved.

5. The project activity helps in enhanced life of landfill site as

only inert material would be dumped in landfill site in the

project activity. This helps municipal corporations in India in

implementing MSW Rules 2000 as such project activities face a

number of barriers to their implementation.

7. Encourages more industries to adopt this technology not only in the region but also on the national level. Helps to encourage

more and more municipal corporations to go ahead with similar type of MSW management systems.

8. Adoption of the HEBL MSW processing technology would

encourage technology providers to further their efforts in

upgrading technology and bring in more investments in this

direction.

Sources of emissions and gases included in the project Overview on emissions sources included in or excluded from the project boundary.

Source Gas Included? Justification / Explanation

CO2 Yes Fossil fuel which would have been used for thermal energy generation in the absence of the project activity.

CH4 Yes CH4 emissions from the waste

which would be left for decay in the absence of project activity.

Municipal Solid Waste

N2O No Excluded for Simplification and for Being Conservative

Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered project activity (assessment and demonstration of additionality)

The project activity shall result in CH4 emission reduction, a potent GHG by avoiding anaerobic decomposition of untreated MSW in unsecured landfill sites, which is the current practice of disposal of municipal solid waste in the cities of Thane, Pune, Surat and Junagadh.. In the absence of proposed project activity from HBEPL, dumping of MSW in open / unsecured landfill site in the cities of Thane, Pune, Surat and Junagadh would have continued at present level and there would be no reduction in GHG emissions. Also the project activity reduces the anthropogenic emissions of CO2 by displacing the fossil fuel (lignite) by RDF.

Common Practice Analysis

“Most of the waste disposal sites in the country are uncontrolled dumps1.” In India cities are categorized as Class I to VI on the basis of population. The MSW generation in cities varies between ~170 gm/c/day and ~700 gm/c/day. As per estimations from Ministry of Urban Development, India, the total generation of MSW in India is at approx. 100,000 TPD. In India, municipal solid waste is generally dumped outside houses or at common collection site, and is left for municipal authorities for taking it to a designated dumping site. It is common to find solid waste dumps near towns and cities. These dumps are mostly either in depression or in open grounds. Wide spread land, air and water pollution is caused from these dumps. The dumping sites are not properly managed nor have been planted with suitable plant species to help in quick degradation of solid waste by way of creating conducive for the growth of micro- organism besides providing greenery. Appropriate post dumping practices are also seldom performed causing perpetual problem of air and water pollution. The MSW effect specific environment

1 http://www.cpcb.nic.in/Local_Bodies.php

and health impacts including spread of epidemics and so these required to be properly managed and disposed of following precise procedures, arrangements and measures to prevent environment degradation and health hazards. MSW is, however, not being appropriately managed due to inadequate finances, inadequate training of personnel, lack of performance, monitoring, inadequate emphasis on preventive maintenance, etc. At present most of the solid waste is being disposed off in an unscientific manner. The technology of converting MSW into RDF is still in nascent state in India. There are only few such kind of project in India, which also need to prove a history of long, untroubled and uninterrupted operation.

So, the project activities are not a business-as-usual case and is additional. It faces barriers against its implementation. This is also supported by the fact that there are only a few such projects in place in India and these are yet to establish a long term unhindered operational track record.

List of MSW processing plants in operation on commercial basis in India based on pelletisation technology and have been developed to generate carbon offsets are: • MSW processing plant, Jaiprakash Associates Limited, Chandigarh (Punjab) • Grasim Industries Limited – Tamil Nadu • Selco International (P) Ltd – Andhra Pradesh • Shriram Energy Systems Limited – Andhra Pradesh

Technological barrier:

Processing of municipal solid waste is an emerging technology which incorporates a wide variety of diversity of systems designed both for processing of solid waste as well the combustion of the same. It is also established that a number of problems need to be resolved and technical developments to be carried out in this sector. However, the fact remains that countries like India still have limited experience with the processing systems meant for MSW processing and have to cope up with lack of long term experimental data for these processes for making a fool proof & established cost indices. Unlike European countries, the Indian MSW has lower calorific value and mass combustion of MSW as received is not suitable in Indian context. There is no mechanical facility provided other than screening machine which cannot separate wet and dry waste for segregation of MSW. Because of the very high cost of facilities for the sorting, separation and recycling of waste, it is uneconomical for the project participants. RDF firing energy plant facilities are complex and regardless of size, call for specialized design, automatic control sophistication and construction. Materials handling, fuel feeding, ash removal, air pollution control and overall operating procedures are far more complicated than those of a similarly sized biomass based power plant. In RDF firing, the garbage / MSW received is separated, classified and reclaimed in various ways to yield high calorific value fuel. The combustion of RDF poses its own set of unique problems to a boiler designer in the areas like fuel handling system, combustion, staging/fouling and corrosion/erosion, which can be quite different from those, encountered in a mass burn boiler system. In India management of Municipal Solid Waste is governed in accordance with “Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 2000” formulated by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). It makes mandatory for the municipal corporations to implement a scientific solid waste management system. The rules give guidelines on collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes in a scientific sanitary landfill site. Though the dateline for compliance was December 31, 2003 by all the municipal authorities for setting up of waste processing and disposal facilities, however due to a number of constraints only few of them could comply with it. These constraints primarily are lack of infrastructure and poor financial status of municipal authorities, lack of awareness, unavailability of technology, poor enforcement of rules & regulations and the multiplicities of agencies involved etc. HBEPL has no experience in waste handling and processing systems. From the above, it is clear that the project faces many technological barriers which leads to the frequent shut down of the plant and hence the significant revenue loss of the company. Additional revenue from carbon offsets would help the plant in maintaining the sustainability of the project to a great extent.

Project Locations: The following map shows the exact location of the project activity.

5 Municipal Solid Waste processing sites in India

Municipal Solid Waste processing in the city of Surat, India

Municipal Solid Waste processing in the city of Junagadh, India

Municipal Solid Waste processing (MSW) in the city of Pune, India

Municipal Solid Waste processing (MSW) in the city of Mira Bhayander, India

Municipal Solid Waste processing (MSW) in the city of Vasai, India