Handbook on Automated Elections, Canvassing and General Election Monitoring (U.P. Law Center, PPCRV)

8/9/2019 Handbook on Automated Elections, Canvassing and General Election Monitoring (U.P. Law Center, PPCRV)

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W@OSGRUOX_ LC XKG ^KOIO^^O@GU IF] EG@XGR

O@UXOXWXG LC MLSGR@AG@X F@H IF] RGCLRA +OMIR/

El~yromkx 2>6>. Fii romkxu rgugrsgh.


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^rgcfeg

Xkg ^koio~~o`gu ou fblwx xl cfeg f ioxawu xgux fx ox gabfrdu l` xkg corux `fxol`}ohg fwxlafxgh gigexolù

o` Afy 2>6>) f`h xkg }klig }lrih ou }fxeko`m. Xkwu) oòxofxosgu mgfrgh fx g`kfèo`m xkg xrfù~frgèyf`h erghoboioxy lc xkg gigexlrfi ~rleguu bgelag alrg eroxoefi xkf` gsgr.

Ufcgmwfrho`m xkg o`xgmroxy lc gigexolù ou xkg hwxy `lx lìy lc xkg mlsgràg`x bwx fiul lc gsgry uo`mig

Coio~o`l eoxozg`. D`l}ighmg ou dgy xl f ~rlfexosg) o`clragh) f`h gccgexosg eoxozg`hrosg` alòxlro`m

gcclrx.

]oxk xkgug o` ao`h) xkg Wòsgruoxy lc xkg ^koio~~o`gu Oùxoxwxg lc Mlsgràg`x f`h If} Rgclra +OMIR/

}lrdgh l` xkg ~rljgex xl hgsgil~ f Kf`hblld l` Fwxlafxgh Gigexolù) Ef`sfuuo`m) f`h Mg`grfi

Gigexol` Alòxlro`m. Xkg ~rljgex uggdu xl egag`x f ulioh w`hgruxf`ho`m lc gigexol` rwigu f`h

rgmwifxolù) ~frxoewifriy xklug elsgro`m fwxlafxgh gigexolù.

Xkg Kf`hblld ou }roxxg` o` vwguxol`f`hfù}gr clra) clr gfuy rgcgrgèg f`h w`hgruxf`ho`m. Ox oug{~gexgh xl bg f wugcwi xlli clr xkg slxo`m ~wbioe fu }gii fu xgfekgru) if}ygru) f`h sliw`xggru }kl }oii

bg ~ifyo`m f dgy rlig o` xkg 2>6> gigexolù goxkgr fu gigexol` où~gexlru) ef`sfuugru) }fxekgru) lr

o`hg~g`hg`x alòxlru.

Xkg Kf`hblld elsgru f ela~rgkgùosg houewuuol` lc fii ~kfugu lc gigexolù~rggigexol` +Blfrh lc

Gigexol` Où~gexlru) ]fxekgru) Bfiilxu f`h lxkgr gigexol` hlewag`xu/) gigexol` ~rl~gr +Efuxo`m f`h

Elw`xo`m lc Slxgu/) f`h ~luxgigexol` +Ef`sfuuo`m) ^rg~rleifafxol` El`xrlsgruogu) f`h Gigexol`

El`xguxu/. Ox fiul o`xgmrfxgu f houewuuol` lc xkg sfrolwu fexu xkfx elùxoxwxg gigexol` lccgùgu o` xkgug

xkrgg uxfmgu) o` lrhgr xl foh gigexol` alòxlru xl ~rl~griy ohg`xocy f`h ~rla~xiy fex xl rg~lrx xkgug

afxxgru xl xkg f~~rl~rofxg fwxklroxogu.

Xkrlwmk xkou Kf`hblld) xkg W^ OMIR uggdu xl el`xrobwxg xl gùwrg f crgg) lrhgriy) f`h kl`gux 2>6>gigexolù.


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Xfbig lc El`xg`xu

Miluufry f`h Fbbrgsofxolù o

O. BLFRH LC GIGEXOL@ O@U^GEXLRU +BGO/ 6

F. F~~lo`xag`x) Vwfiocoefxolù) Sfefèogu 6

B. Cwèxolù f`h Rgu~lùoboioxogu 5

OO. ]FXEKGRU 3

OOO. LCCOEOFI BFIILXU F@H LXKGR GIGEXOL@ CLRAU F@H UW^ÎOGU 66

OS. ^RGSLXO@M ^RLEGHWRGU 68

S. EFUXO@M LC SLXGU 67

SO. ELW@XO@M LC SLXGU 2?

SOO. GIGEXOL@ RGXWR@U 55

SOOO. ^LUXELW@XO@M F@H ^LUXXRF@UAOUUOL@ ^RLEGHWRGU 5;

O[. EF@SFUU 8>F. Xkg Blfrh lc Ef`sfuugru +BLE/ 8>

B. Af``gr lc Ef`sfuuo`m 83

E. ^grulù ^rgug`x Hwro`m Ef`sfuuo`m 7?

H. Xkg ELEu Gccgex f`h xkgor houxrobwxol` 3>

G. Rgaghogu 3?

[. ^RG^RLEIFAFXOL@ EL@XRLSGRUOGU ==

[O. GIGEXOL@ ^RLXGUX f`h VWL ]FRRF@XL ;3

O[. GIGEXOL@ LCCG@UGU ?3

F``g{ 6: GIGEXOL@ LCCG@UGU 6

Xfbig lc Comwrgu

Comwrg 6: BGO ^rleghwrgu bgclrg slxo`m 68

Comwrg 2: Ufa~igu lc Ukfho`m 2>

Comwrg 5: Ilefxol` lc Cgghgr o` xkg ÊLU Afeko`g 22

Comwrg 8: ^rleghwrg o` Fuuouxo`m Houfbigh,Oiioxgrfxg Slxgru 23

Comwrg 7: Eiluo`m xkg Slxo`m f`h Elw`xo`m xkg Bfiilxu 55

Comwrg 3: ^ro`xo`m f`h Xrfùaoxxo`m xkg GRu 58

Comwrg =: Uxg~u fcxgr xgrao`fxol` lc elw`xo`m lc slxgu f`h f``lwègag`x lc rguwixu 5;

Comwrg ;: ^rgioao`frogu xl Ef`sfuuo`m 83

Comwrg ?: EEU Oòxofiozfxol` 8=Comwrg 6>: Uxfrxo`m xkg Ef`sfuuo`m 8;

Comwrg 66: Alòxlro`m Hfxf Xrfùaouuol` 8;

Comwrg 62: ^rleghwrg o` efug lc W`xrfùaoxxgh Rguwixu 8?


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Comwrg 65: Mg`grfxol` f`h ^ro`xo`m lc Elùliohfxgh Ef`sfuu Rg~lrx 7>

Comwrg 68: Mg`grfxol` f`h ~ro`xo`m lc ELE 76

Comwrg 67: Xrfùaouuol` lc Rguwixu 72

Comwrg 63: ^ro`xo`m lc Rgafoò`m ELE Rg~lrxu 72

Comwrg 6=: Mg`grfxol` f`h ^ro`xo`m lc ULSu 75Comwrg 6;: Mg`grfxo`m ELE^ 78

Comwrg 6?: ^ro`xo`m lc Fwhox Ilm 77

Comwrg 2>: ^lux ^ro`xo`m Fexosoxogu 77

Comwrg 26: Bfedo`m w~ EEU rguwixu 73

Comwrg 22: Ukwxxo`m hl}` EEU 7=

Comwrg 25: ^rg~rleifafxol` Efugu Coigh Horgexiy }oxk BLE ;6

Comwrg 28: ^rg~rleifafxol` Efugu Coigh Horgexiy }oxk ELAGIGE ;2

Comwrg 27: ^rleghwrg oc oiigmfioxy lc BLE ~rleggho`mu ou houelsgrgh fcxgr ~rleifafxol` ;2

Ioux lc Eoxgh If}u,Ouuwfègu*

6. Bfxfu ^fabfùf Bim. ;;62. Rg~wbioe Fex @l =6335. Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;8538. Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53?7. ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;8533. ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=5?=. ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3;. ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>5?. ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>86>. ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>?66. ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;66

* Xkgug io`du xfdg ylw lwxuohg xkg W^ If} Eg`xgr }gbuoxg.


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o

Miluufry f`h Fbbrgsofxolù

fb oòxol crla xkg sgry uxfrx

Fwhox Ilm rgcgru xl xkg hlewag`x xkfx el`xfoù xkg ioux lc fiifexosoxogu ~grclragh by xkg ÊLU afeko`gu crla xkgxoag xkfx ox }fu ~l}grghl`) w`xoi xkg xoag }kg` eilugh.

6

Fwxlafxgh Gigexol` Uyuxga lr FGU f uyuxga wuo`m f~~rl~rofxg xgek`lilmy }koek kfu bgg`hgalùxrfxgh o` xkg slxo`m) elw`xo`m) elùliohfxo`m)

ef`sfuuo`m) f`h xrfùaouuol` lc gigexol` rguwixu) f`h

lxkgr gigexlrfi ~rleguugu.2

BLE Blfrh lc Ef`sfuugruBGO Blfrh lc Gigexol` Où~gexlruB^ Bim. ;;6 xkg Laòbwu Gigexol` Elhg

EEU

Elùliohfxol` f`h Ef`sfuuo`m Uyuxga

Ef`sfuu rleggho`mu rgcgru xl xkg ~rleggho`mu xkfx o`slisg xkg elùliohfxol`lc ~rgeoèx gigexol` rguwixu fx xkg awòeo~fi) eoxy lc

houxroex igsgi4 houxroex gigexol` rguwixu fx xkg awòeo~fi lr

eoxy igsgi4 awòeo~fi lr eoxy gigexol` rguwixu fx xkg

~rlsoèofi igsgi4 f`h ~rlsoèofi gigexol` rguwixu fx xkg

`fxol`fi igsgi) bg ox xkg ELAGIGE lr El`mrguu. Ox fiul

oèiwhg xkg clrafi ~rleifafxol` lc xkg gigexol` }o``gru

fx xkg sfrolwu ef`sfuu igsgiu.5

Eoxy,awòeo~fi,houxroex,~rlsoèofi

egrxocoefxg lc ef`sfuulr ELE

f hlewag`x o` gigexrlòe f`h ~ro`xgh clra el`xfoò`m xkgxlxfi slxgu o` comwrgu lbxfo`gh by gfek ef`hohfxg o` f

eoxy,awòeo~fioxy,houxroex, ~rlsoèg fu xkg efug afy bg. .

Xkgug afy bg o` gigexrlòe f`h ~ro`xgh clra. Xkg

gigexrlòe ELE ukfii bg xkg lccoeofi ef`sfuu rguwixu o` xkg

fclrgag`xol`gh elrrgu~l`ho`m jwrouhoexolù. 8

ELAGIGE xkg Elaaouuol` l` GigexolùElùliohfxol` Afeko`g rgcgru xl xkg afeko`g wugh fx xkg ef`sfuu ~rleggho`mu xl

elùliohfxg ~rgeoèx rguwixu) awòeo~fi f`h eoxy rguwixu)

~rlsoèofi rguwixu) fu xkg efug afy bg) clr ~wr~lugu lc

mgxxo`m xkg xlxfi slxgu lc fii ef`hohfxgu fx f ~frxoewifr

ef`sfuu igsgi.7

Elw`xo`m Eg`xgr f ~wbioe ~ifeg }oxko` xkg eoxy,awòeo~fioxy lr o` uwek lxkgr~ifegu fu afy bg hguom`fxgh by xkg ELAGIGE }kgrg xkg

lccoeofi bfiilxu efux o` sfrolwu ~rgeoèxu lc xkg eoxy,

6ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>8 +22 Afrek 2>>?/) ^frx O) Rwig 2) Ugexol` 6.

2Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 2.





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oo

awòeo~fioxy ukfii bg elw`xgh. ^liio`m ~ifegu lr slxo`m

eg`xgru afy fiul bg hguom`fxgh fu elw`xo`m eg`xgru.3

Elw`xo`m afeko`g f afeko`g xkfx wugu f` l~xoefi uef`ò`m,afrdugùgrgfho`m hgsoeg lr f`y uoaoifr fhsfègh xgek`lilmy xl

elw`x bfiilxu.=

Hfxf uxlrfmg hgsoeg f hgsoeg wugh xl gigexrlòefiiy uxlrg elw`xo`m f`h

ef`sfuuo`m rguwixu) uwek fu f agalry ~fed lr houdgxxg.;

Hg~Gh Hg~frxag`x lc Ghwefxol`Houfbigh slxgr f ~grul` }oxk oa~forgh ef~feoxy xl wug xkg FGU.?

GHESI xkg Gigexol` Hfy Ela~wxgrozgh Slxgru IouxGigexrlòe hlewag`x rgcgru xl o`clrafxol` lr xkg rg~rgug`xfxol` lc

o`clrafxol`) hfxf) comwrgu) uyabliu lr lxkgr alhgu lc

}roxxg` g{~rguuol`) hguerobgh lr kl}gsgr rg~rgug`xgh) by

}koek f cfex afy bg ~rlsgh f`h fccoragh) }koek ou

rgegosgh) rgelrhgh) xrfùaoxxgh) uxlrgh ~rleguugh)

rgxrogsgh lr ~rlhwegh gigexrlòefiiy. Ox oèiwhgu homoxfiiyuom`gh hlewag`xu f`h f`y ~ro`xlwx lr lwx~wx) rgfhfbig

by uomkx lr lxkgr agfù) }koek feewrfxgiy rgcigexu xkg

gigexrlòe hlewag`x.6>

Gigexrlòe gigexol` rgxwrù rgcgru xl xkg el~y lc xkg gigexol` rgxwr` o` gigexrlòe clramg`grfxgh by xkg ÊLU afeko`g xkfx ou gigexrlòefiiy

xrfùaoxxgh xl xkg Awòeo~fi lr Eoxy Blfrh lc Ef`sfuugru

clr xkg lccoeofi ef`sfuu) xl xkg ELAGIGE BfedW~ Ugrsgr)

f`h xl xkg Ugrsgr clr xkg hlao`f`x afjlroxy f`h

hlao`f`x ao`lroxy ~frxogu) xkg eoxozgù- fra fwxklrozgh

by xkg ELAGIGE xl el`hwex f ~frfiigi elw`x) f`h xkg

Df~ouf`f` `m amf Brlhdfuxgru uf ôio~o`fu lr DB^66

4

Gigexol` Rgxwrù lr GR f hlewag`x o` gigexrlòe f`h ~ro`xgh clra horgexiy~rlhwegh by xkg elw`xo`m lr slxo`m afeko`g) ukl}o`mxkg hfxg lc xkg gigexol`) xkg ~rlsoèg) awòeo~fioxy f`h

xkg ~rgeoèx o` }koek ox ou kgih f`h xkg slxgu o` comwrgu clr

gfek ef`hohfxg o` f ~rgeoèx o` frgfu }kgrg FGU ou

wxoiozgh.62

Gigexrlòe xrfùaouuol` el`sgyo`m hfxf o` gigexrlòe clra crla l`g ilefxol` xlf`lxkgr.

65

GRUH Gigexol` Rgelrhu f`h Uxfxouxoeu Hg~frxag`xG` Bfè fu f }klig4 }oxk fii oxu agabgru


= Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;853 +6??=/) Ugexol` 2.;

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;853 +6??=/) Ugexol` 2.?

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 2.6>

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>8 +22 Afrek 2>>?/) ^frx O) Rwig 2) Ugexol` 6.66

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` ;;>8 +22 Afrek 2>6>/) ^frx O) Rwig 2) Ugexol` 6.62

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 24 Ugg fiul ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` ;;>8 +22 Afrek 2>6>/) ^frx O) Rwig 2) Ugexol` 6.65

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 2.


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ooo

DB^ xkg Df~ouf`f` `m amf Brlfhdfuxgr `m ôio~o`fuIlefi Bfiilx rgcgru xl xkg bfiilx l` }koek xkg slxgr }oii af`wfiiy }roxg

xkg `fagu lc xkg ef`hohfxgu lc kou,kgr ekloeg clr

agabgr lc xkg Klwug lc Rg~rgug`xfxosgu) mlsgr`lr) soegmlsgr`lr) agabgru lc xkg ~rlsoèofi blfrh) afylr) soeg

afylr) f`h agabgru lc xkg eoxy,awòeo~fi elwèoi.68

alxw ~rl~rol by oxugic4 w~l` oxu l}` oòxofxosg

Lccoeofi bfiilx }kgrg FGU ou wxoiozgh) rgcgru xl xkg ~f~gr bfiilx) }kgxkgr

~ro`xgh lr mg`grfxgh by xkg xgek`lilmy f~~iogh) xkfx

cfoxkcwiiy ef~xwrgu lr rg~rgug`xu xkg slxgu efux by f slxgr

rgelrhgh lr xl bg rgelrhgh o` gigexrlòe clra.67

ÊLU ^rgeoèx Elw`x L~xoefi Uef`. Ox agfù f xgek`lilmy

}kgrgo` f` l~xoefi bfiilx uef``gr) o`xl }koek l~xoefi uef`

~f~gr bfiilxu afrdgh by kf`h by xkg slxgr frg oùgrxgh xlbg elw`xgh) ou ilefxgh o` gsgry ~rgeoèx

63.

ÊSI ^luxgh Ela~wxgrozgh Slxgru Ioux^liio`m ~ifeg ~ifeg }kgrg slxgru efux xkgor slxgu hwro`m gigexol`^rg~rleifafxol` El`xrlsgruy rgcgru xl f`y vwguxol` ~grxfoò`m xl lr fccgexo`m xkg

~rleggho`mu lc xkg BLE }koek afy bg rfough by f`y

ef`hohfxg lr by f`y rgmouxgrgh ~lioxoefi ~frxy lr elfioxol`

lc ~lioxoefi ~frxogu bgclrg xkg BLE lr horgexiy }oxk xkg

ELAGIGE) lr f`y afxxgr o` rgifxol` xl xkg ~rg~frfxol`)

xrfùaouuol`) rgego~x) ewuxlhy f`h f~~rgeofxol` lc xkg

GRu.

^ro`xgh Gigexol` Rgxwrù

rgcgru xl xkg el~y lc xkg gigexol` rgxwrù ~ro`xgh by xkgÊLU afeko`g l` f ~f~gr) f`h fwxkg`xoefxgh by xkg

af`wfi uom`fxwrgu f`h xkwabafrdu lc xkg agabgru lc

xkg Blfrh lc Gigexol` Où~gexlru +BGO/6=

.

Vwl ]frrf`xl ou f ~rgrlmfxosg }rox rgvworo`m xkg ~grul` xl }kla ox ouhorgexgh xl ukl} }kfx fwxklroxy kg kfu clr g{greouo`m

ulag romkx lr ~l}gr lr crfèkoug kg eifoau xl klih

Rg~wbioe Fex @l =633 g`xoxigh F` Fex ^rlsoho`m clr Uyèkrlòzgh @fxol`fi f`hIlefi Gigexolù f`h clr Gigexlrfi Rgclrau) Fwxklrozo`m

F~~rl~rofxolù Xkgrgclr f`h clr Lxkgr wr~lugu

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;853 g`xoxigh F` Fex Fwxklrozo`m xkg Elaaouuol` l`Gigexolù xl Wug f` Fwxlafxgh Gigexolù o` xkg 66 Afy

6??; @fxol`fi lr Ilefi Gigexolù f`h o` Uwbugvwg`x

68Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;853 +6??=/) Ugexol` 2.


63ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>8 +22 Afrek 2>6>/) ^frx O) Rwig 2) Ugexol` 6.

6=ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>8 +22 Afrek 2>6>/) ^frx O) Rwig 2) Ugexol` 6.


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os

@fxol`fi f`h Ilefi Gigexlrfi G{greougu) ^rlsoho`m Cw`hu

Xkgrgclr f`h clr Lxkgr ^wr~lugu.

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. +R.F./ ?53? xkg if} }koek fag`hgh Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;853) g`xoxigh"F` Fex Fwxklrozo`m xkg Elaaouuol` l` Gigexolù xl Wug

f` Fwxlafxgh Gigexol` Uyuxga o` xkg Afy 66) 6??;

@fxol`fi lr Ilefi Gigexolù f`h o` Uwbugvwg`x @fxol`fif`h Ilefi Gigexlrfi G{greougu) xl Gèlwrfmg

Xrfù~frgèy) Erghoboioxy) Cfor`guu f`h Feewrfey lc

Gigexolù) Fag`ho`m clr xkg ^wr~lug Bfxfu ^fabfùf

Bim. ;;6) fu Fag`hgh) Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 f`h lxkgr

Rgifxgh Gigexol` If}u.6;

Uxfxgag`x lc SlxgulrULS f hlewag`x el`xfoò`m xkg slxgu lbxfo`gh by ef`hohfxguo` gfek ~rgeoèx o` f eoxy,awòeo~fioxy

6?

Uxfxol` rgcgru xl f ~liio`m ~ifeg) elw`xo`m eg`xgr) awòeo~fi lr~rlsoèofi ef`sfuuo`m eg`xgr.

2>

SRR Slxgru Rgmouxrfxol` Rgelrh

6;Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 6.

6?Cifwxf s. ELAGIGE) M.R. @l. 6;87;3) 22 Jwiy 2>>?.

2>Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 2.


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FGU 2>6> KF@HBLLD ^fmg 6

O. BLFRH LC GIGEXOL@ O@U^GEXLRU +BGO/F.F~~lo`xag`x) Vwfiocoefxol`u) Sfef`eogu

6. ]kl f~~lo`xu xkg BGO/) Ugexol` 6 +6/.

28ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek) 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6 +2/.

27ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 6 +8/.


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e. kfu `gsgr bgg` el`soexgh lc f`y gigexol` lccgùg lr lc f`y lxkgr eroag ~wòukfbig

by alrg xkf` uo{ +3/ al`xku lc oa~roulàg`x4

h. kfu `l ~g`ho`m efug fmfoùx koa coigh o` ELAGIGE,elwrx clr f y gigexol` lccgùg4

f`h

g. ou fbig xl u~gfd f`h }roxg G`miouk lr xkg ilefi hofigex.23

7. Ef` f hwiy elùxoxwxgh BGO ela~lugh lc ~wbioe ueklli xgfekgru bg rg~ifegh }oxk aoioxfry~grul``gi by fmrggag`x lc ~lioxoefi ~frxogu f`h ef`hohfxgu>2.

2;Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 6=>4 Ef}fuf s. Elagige) M.R. @l. 67>83?) 5 Jwiy 2>>2.

2?Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 63=4 ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 5.

5>ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 8.


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f`h BGO agabgru xl fcco{ xkgor uom`fxwrgu f`h oa~ro`xu lc xkgor romkx xkwabu l` xkg Lfxk

lc Lccoeg +Gigexol` Clra @l. F7F/ bgclrg koa bgclrg fuuwa~xol` lc lccoeg. 56

6>.Kl} frg xga~lrfry sfef`eogu o` xkg BGO coiigh6>/) Ugexol` 7.

55Bfxfu fabf`uf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 6==4 ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 3.


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lrhgr ukfii `lx bg g{gewxgh fu xl ~rgsg`x ufoh ~grul` crla slxo`m. F el~y lc xkg

}roxxg` lrhgr ukfii bg fxxfekgh xl xkg Ao`wxgu.

g. ^grclra uwek lxkgr cwèxolù fu afy bg ~rguerobgh by if} lr by xkg rwigu f`hrgmwifxolù ~rlawimfxgh by xkg ELAGIGE. 58

65. ]kfx frg xkg BGOu rgu~lùoboioxogu }oxk rgu~gex xl xkg dgg~o`m lc xkg Ao`wxgu lc Slxo`m

f`h Elw`xo`m lc Slxgu +Ao`wxgu//) Ugexol` 6>.57

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` ;.53

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 6=24 ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 66.5=

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 6=84 ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ug exol` 66 +2/.5;

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) fu rgsough by ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=?; +63 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 62.5?

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 62.

hgiosgrgh xl Gigexol` Lccoegr }kl

ukfii xrfùaox ox xl xkg Gigexol`

Rgelrhu f`h Uxfxouxoeu Hg~frxag`x+GRUH/

hg~luoxgh oùohg xkg

ela~frxag`x lc xkg bfiilx bl{.


13/125


63.Frg BGO agabgru fiil}gh xl g`mfmg o` ~frxouf` ~lioxoefi fexosoxy

6=.Frg BGO agabgru fiil}gh xl afdg f``lw`egag`xu xg`ho`m xl ukl} xkg uxfxg lc xkg ~liiu}koig slxo`m ou l`mlo`m/) Ugex ol` 65.

86ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 55.

82ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6;.


14/125


OO. ]FXEKGRU2>.

]kl frg g`xoxigh xl f~~lo`x ~lii }fxekgru6>/) Ugexol` 67.


15/125

FGU 2>6> KF@HBLLD ^fmg =

h. d`l}u kl} xl rgfh f`h }roxg oio~o`l) G`miouk lr f`y lc xkg ~rgsfoio`m ilefi hofigexu4

f`h

g. ou `lx rgifxgh }oxko` xkg clwrxk eosoi hgmrgg lc elùf`mwo oxy lr fccoòxy xl xkg Ekforaf`

lr xl f`y lxkgr agabgr lc xkg BGO o` xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg }kgrg kg uggdu f~~lo`xag`x fu

}fxekgr.87

25.]kfx frg clrafioxogu xkfx awux bg lbugrsgh by }fxekgru bgclrg xkgy ef` ~grclra xkgorhwxogu6>/) Ugexol` 63.

83Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 6=?4 ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6=.


16/125

FGU 2>6> KF@HBLLD ^fmg ;

28.]kfx frg xkg romkxu f`h hwxogu lc }fxekgru6>/) Ugexol` 6=.8;

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 56.8?

Bfxfu fabf`uf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 6=?4 ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6=.7>

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 2= +b/.76

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 2; +b/.


17/125

FGU 2>6> KF@HBLLD ^fmg ?

23.L` }kfx mrlw`hu afy f }fxekgr ekfiig`mg f ~rlu~gexosg slxgr/) Ugexol` 28.75 ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 27.78

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 58 +b/.77

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 58 +c/.73

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 58 +}/.7=

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 8> +a/.7;

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 85 +g/.

]KG@ XFUD

BGCLRG xkg Slxo`m

rgelrh xkg ugrofi `wabgr lc xkg ugfi+u/ l` xkg ÊLU bl{+gu/78

lbugrsg }kgxkgr xkg ÊLU bl{ ou ugfigh f`h ekged oc xkg ugrofi

`wabgr lc xkg ugfi ou xkg ufag fu xkg ugrofi `wabgr rgelrhgh

hwro`m xkg xguxo`m f`h ugfio`m77

lbugrsg xkg oòxofiozfxol` lc xkg ÊLU f`h uom` xkg Oòxofiozfxol`

Rg~lrx73

FCXGR xkg slxo`m

lbugrsg xkg elw`xo`m lc slxgu f`h xrfùaouuol` f`h ~ro`xo`m lc

GRu

fcco{ xkgor uom`fxwrgu l` xkg ~ro`xgh GRu7=

lbugrsg xkg hou~luoxol` lc xkg ÊLU) bfiilx bl{gu) dgyu) GRu)

f`h lxkgr hlewag`xu gsg` fcxgr xkg xgrao`fxol` lc xkg

elw`xo`m lc slxgu f`h xkg f``lwègag`x lc xkg rguwixu o` xkg

~rgeoèx

feela~f`y xkg BGO fu ox hgiosgru xkg bfiilx bl{ xl xkg eoxy lr

awòeo~fi xrgfuwrgr7;


18/125

FGU 2>6> KF@HBLLD ^fmg 6>

7?ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 87 +2/.

Dgy ^lo`xu Clr ]fxekgru:

Xkg bfiilx bl{ ukfii @GSGR bg rgl~g`gh xl ~ifeg xkgrgo` lr xl xfdg

lwx xkgrgcrla f`y hlewag`x lr frxoeig g{eg~x o` ~rl~gr efugu f`h

}oxk ~rolr }roxxg` fwxklroxy lc xkg ELAGIGE xl rgxrogsg el~ogu lc xkg

gigexol` rgxwr`u }koek }oii bg `gghgh o` f`y ef`sfuu.

O` uwek uoxwfxol`) xkg BGO agabgru f`h xkg }fxekgru ukfii bg `lxocogh

lc xkg xoag f`h ~ifeg lc xkg l~g`o`m lc ufoh bfiilx bl{. 7? ]fxekgru

uklwih afdg uwrg xkgy frg ~rgug`x }kg` xkg bfiilx bl{ ou l~g`gh.


19/125


2;.]kfx ou f` lccoeofi bfiilx

Lccoeofi bfiilxu elag o` Gigexol` Clra @l. F3.

36

2?.]kfx ukfii xkg bfiilx el`xfo`.]kfx frg xkg xy~gu lc ugewroxy agfuwrgu xkfx elwih bg fhl~xgh by xkg ELAGIGE xl~rgsg`x wug lc cfdg bfiilxu=/) Ugexol` 2 +5/.36

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6;.32

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;853 +6??=/) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 65.35

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6;.38

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 6;.

OOO. LCCOEOFI BFIILXU F@H

LXKGR GIGEXOL@ CLRAU F@H

UW^^IOGU


20/125


55.Fuohg crla xkg lccoeofi bfiilxu) }kfx frg xkg lxkgr gigexol` clrau f`h uw~~iogu ôgegu

G@SGIL^GU CLR SLXO@M F@H ELW@XO@M

F67 Clr Rgjgexgh bfiilxu) Kfic lc Xlr` W`wugh

Lccoeofi Bfiilxu f`h Lxkgr Kfic lc Xlr` W`wugh

Lccoeofi Bfiilxu

5 ôgegu

F6= Clr Gigexol` Rgxwrù 5> ôgegu

LXKGR G@SGIL^GU

F6;F Clr Afo` Agalry Efrh) obwxxl` Ugewroxy Dgy)

Ô@u) Oòxofiozfxol` Rg~lrx) Fwhox Ilm) f`h

^rgeoèx Uxfxouxoefi Rg~lrx

3 ôgegu

LXKGR CLRAU

F5>,F56 Xga~lrfry F~~lo`xag`x lc Ekforaf`,^lii

Eigrd,Xkorh Agabgr,Uw~~lrx Uxfcc

6> ôgegu

F57 Egrxocoefxg lc Ekfiig`mg lc ^rlxgux f`h

Hgeouol` lc xkg BGO

6> ôgegu

F5? Lfxk lc Slxgr Ekfiig`mg clr Oiigmfi Fexu 6> ôgegu

F8> Lfxk lc Ohg`xocoefxol` lc Ekfiig`mgh Slxgr 6> ôgeguUW^ÎOGU

Bl`h ^f~gr +il`m/ 5> ôgegu

Bfiilx Ugergey Clihgr 22 ôgegu

Xkwab~ro`x Xfdgr 6 ôgeg ~gr ~rgeoèx

o` f eiwuxgr

Ugfi }oxk Uxggi ]org clr Bfiilx Bl{ 6 ôgeg

O`hgiobig Uxfo` O`d 2 Blxxigu ~gr ~rgeoèx

o` f eiwuxgr

Oùxrwexol` xl Slxgru 6 ôgeg ~gr eiwuxgrgh

~rgeoèx

Afrdo`m ^gù 6 lr 2 Bl{,gu

Bfii~g` 3 ôgegu

37Lccoeofi bfiilxu frg `lx fal`m xkg gigexol` clrau xkfx afy bg rg~rlhwegh fu g`wagrfxgh o` ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek2>6>/) Ugexol` 6?.

33ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6;.


21/125


b. Crla xkg Gigexol` Lccoegr

EGC @L. HGUERO^XOL@ RFXG LC HOUXROBWXOL@

Blld lc Slxgru) }koek awux bg +o/ hwiy ugfigh) f`h +oo/ o`

xkg ewuxlhy lc xkg ~lii eigrd) xkorh agabgr f`h xkg

uw~~lrx uxfcc) oc f`y

^rgeoèx Ela~wxgrozgh Slxgru Ioux +ÊSI/ f`h

uw~~igag`xfi ÊSI) oc f`y) clr ~luxo`m lwxuohg xkg

~rgeoèx f`h }koek awux bg hwiy egrxocogh by xkg

Gigexol` Rgmouxrfxol` blfrh/

6 El~y

Gigexol` Hfy Ela~wxgrozgh slxgru Ioux +GHESI,Ioux lc

Slxgru }oxk Slxo`m Rgelrh/ f`h uw~~igag`xfi GHESI) oc

f`y) }koek awux bg +o/ hwiy egrxocogh by xkg Gigexol`

Rgmouxrfxol` blfrh4 f`h +oo/ l`g +6/ lc GHESI awux bg o`

xkg ewuxlhy lc xkg ~lii eigrd) xkorh agabgr f`h xkg

uw~~lrx uxfcc) oc f`y.

2 El~ogu

F7 #

F7F

El~ogu lc F~~lo`xag`x f`h Lfxk lc Lccoeg lc xkg BGO

f`h Uw~~lrx Uxfcc

58.]kfx ukfii xkg BGO hl fcxgr rgegoso`m Lccoeofi Bfiilxu f`h lxkgr gigexol` clrau f`huw~~iogu6>/) Ugexol` 6;.3?

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6?.


22/125


OS. ^RGSLXO@M ^RLEGHWRGU

5=. ]kfx ~rleghwrgu awux xkg BGO lbugrsg bgclrg slxo`m bgmoù l` Gigexol` Hfy

Aggx fx xkg ~liio`m ~ifegfx 3 fa lc Gigexol` Hfy.

Gùwrg xkfx xkg ÊLUf`h bfiilx bl{gu frg

oùohg xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg.

^lux l`g el~y lc xkg

ÊSI lc gfek ~rgeoèx o`xkg eiwuxgr) `gfr lr fx xkg

hllr lc xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg.

Ukl} xkg ÊLU bl{)

Bfiilx bl{) lccoeofi bfiilxuf`h Blld lc Slxgru xl xkg

~wbioe f`h }fxekgru

~rgug`x.

Rgalsg xkg uxoedgr ugfi

lc xkg ÊLU bl{.L~g` xkg ÊLU bl{.

Ekged xkg el`xg`xu lc xkg

ÊLU bl{.

Rgxrogsg xkg ao`wxgu crla xkg

ÊLU bl{ f`h où~gex oxu ugrofi

`wabgr. G`xgr o`xl xkg ao`wxgu xkg

`wabgr lc bfiilxu f`h xkg cfex xkfxxkg ÊLU bl{) Bfiilx bl{) lccoeofi

bfiilxu f`h Blld lc Slxgru }grg

ukl}` xl xkg ~wbioe.

Rgxrogsg xkg Ô@ lc xkgBGO f`h houxrobwxg xkg

ufag fal`m xkgaugisgu.

Xkg rg!zgrl Ô@ ukfii `lx

bg wugh l` gigexol` hfy.

Rgxrogsg xkg ÊLU crla

oxu bl{.

Ukl} xl xkg ~wbioe xkfx xkg

~ro`xgr elsgr f`h uilxu lc

xkg ÊLU frg uxlrgh f`h

ugfigh.

Wìled xkg uioho`m elsgr lc

xkg bfiilx bl{ uiox f`h

brgfd oxu ~ifuxoe ugewroxy

ugfi.

îfeg xkg ÊLU ~rl~griy

l` xl~ lc xkg bfiilx bl{.

Brgfd xkg ~ifuxoe co{ghig`mxk ugfi lc xkg ~ro`xgr

elsgr lc xkg ÊLU.

L~g` xkg ~ro`xgr elsgr f`hxkg Ekforaf` ukfii xfdg

lwx xkg oBwxxl` ugewroxy

dgy.

Sgrocy xkfx xkg rlii lc ~f~grou firgfhy ~rl~griy

oùxfiigh.

Eilug xkg ~ro`xgr.

El``gex xkg ~l}gr

fhf~xlr xl xkg ÊLU FE

~l}gr ~lrx +2>SFE/.

îwm xkg lxkgr g`h xl xkg

gigexroefi lwxigx.

El``gex xkg bfxxgry xl xkg

ÊLU HE ~l}gr ~lrx +62

SHE/. Oc xkgrg ou `l ~l}gr)

wuo`m f ~g`) ~rguu xkg RGUGX

bwxxl` ilefxgh fx xkg xl~ lc xkgÊLU FE ~l}gr ~lrx.

]fox w`xoi xkg ÊLUhou~ifyu xkg aguufmg

ÎGFUG O@UGRX

UGEWROX_ DG_ CLR

FWXKG@XOEFXOL@.

Xkg Ekforaf` ukfii ~ifeg xkg oBwxxl`

ugewroxy dgy l` xl~ lc xkg oBwxxl` ugewroxy

dgy rgeg~xfeig f`h f~~iy uiomkx ~rguuwrgxkgrgl` w`xoi xkg aguufmg UGEWROX_

DG_ SGROCOGH f~~gfru l` xkg ÊLU

uergg`. ]fox w`xoi xkg AFO@ AG@W ou

hou~ifygh. Xkg oBwxxl` ukfii bg o`

ewuxlhy lc xkg Ekforaf` w`xoi xkg eiluo`m

lc slxo`m.

Xkg egrxocogh OX!ef~fbig agabgr lc xkg BGO ukfii ~grclra

xkg cliil}o`m ~rleghwrgu:

6. Ugigex L^G@ SLXO@M crla xkg Afo` Ag`w

2. Xkg ÊLU ukfii xkg` rgvwgux clr xkg Ô@ lc xkg ~lii eigrd

}kl }oii xkg` g`xgr kou Ô@ f`h ~rguu G@XGR5. Sfiohfxg xkg Ô@ f`h hou~ify f aguufmg Ô@

FEEG^XGH

8. Rgvwgux clr xkg ugel`h Ô@ crla xkg xkg xkorh agabgr

}kl }oii xkg` g`xgr kou Ô@ f`h ~rguu G@XGR

7. Sfiohfxg xkg Ô@ f`h hou~ify f aguufmg Ô@

FEEG^XGH3. Hou~ify x}l +2/ l~xolù: O@OXOFIOZG SLXG ELW@XGRU

f`h ^RGSOLWU UERGG@

^rguu xkg O@OXOFIOZG SLXG ELW@XGRU l~xol` lc xkg

ÊLU. Xkg ELU ukfii:6. Hou~ify xkg aguufmg O@OXOFIOZO@M SLXG ELW@XGRU

2. Fwxlafxoefiiy ~ro`x xkg Oòxofiozfxol` Rg~lrx ukl}o`m zgrl

+>/ slxg clr gfek ef`hohfxg oèiwho`m xkg mglmrf~koe

o`clrafxol` +~rlsoèg) eoxy,awòeo~fioxy) bfrf`mfy) slxo`m

eg`xgr f`h o`hosohwfi ~rgeoèx o` xkg eiwuxgr/5. Fcxgr ~ro`xo`m xkg Oòxofiozfxol` Rg~lrx) xkg ÊLU }oii

hou~ify xkg aguufmg) ]LWIH _LW IODG XL ^RO@X ALRG

ELÔGU LC XKOU RG^LRXELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 6;4 Ugg fiul ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 58.


23/125


S. EFUXO@M LC SLXGU

5;.Kl} f`h }kg` frg xkg gigexolù l~g`gh> f.a. lc xkg gigexol` hfy by wìledo`mxkg ÊLU. Xl wìled xkg ÊLU) xkg BGO Ekforaf` ukfii oùgrx xkg Ugewroxy Dgy o`xl xkg

f~~rl~rofxg ~lrx clr xkg agekfòua.

Lèg xkg oòxofiozfxol` rg~lrx ou ~ro`xgh) xkg gigexolù ukfii bg hggagh l~g`. =6

5?.]kfx ou xkg oòxofiozfxol` rg~lrx lr xkg zgrlslxg hlewag`x.Kl} }oii xkg BGO d`l} xkfx xkg ÊLU ou rgfhy xl feeg~x bfiilxu ~.a. lc xkg gigexol` hfy. =8

82.Ef` xkg slxgru efux xkgor slxgu fcxgr 3:>> ~.a. lc xkg gigexol` hfy> ~.a. lc xkg gigexol` hfy) ~rlsohgh xkgy frg }oxko` 5>

agxgru o` crl`x lc xkgor fuuom`gh ~liio`m ~ifeg. O` uwek f efug) xkg ~lii eigrd ukfii ~rg~frg f

ioux lc slxgru }oxko` 5> agxgru o` crl`x lc xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg f`h o`xg`ho`m xl slxg. Xkgug

slxgru ukfii bg fiil}gh xl efux xkgor slxgu w~l` bgo`m efiigh by xkg ~lii eigrd) o` xkg lrhgr o`

}koek xkgy frg iouxgh. =7

=6

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 58.=2



ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 26.=7

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 26.


24/125


85.Ef` f slxgr slxg oc kg,ukg }fu o`eiwhgh by xkg ~lii eigrd o` xkg ioux lc slxgru }kl }oii bgfiil}gh xl slxg ~fux 3:>> ~.a.) bwx cfoiu xl rgu~l`h xl xkg ~lii eigrdu efii xl slxg `fxol`fi f`h ilefi gigexol`u frg el`xfo`gh o` ElagigeRguliwxol` @l. ;;66 ~rlawimfxgh l` 5> Afrek 2>6>.

=3ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 26.

==ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 25.

=;ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;66 +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6.


25/125

FGU 2>6> KF@HBLLD ^fmg 6=

83.Kl} hlgu f slxgr lbxfo` f bfiilx6: @wxukgiio`m xkg Fwxlafxgh Gigexolù lc 2>6>) ~rgug`xgh by ELAGIGE hwro`m xkg

^KOIJFu G{~grxu Aggxo`m l` xkg Gigexol` If} Xrfoò`m Ewrroewiwa clr RXE Jwhmgu +68 F~roi 2>6>) Kyfxx

Afòif/

Xkg slxgr }oii xkg` f~~rlfek xkg BGO lr uw~~lrx uxfcco` ekfrmg lc kou,kgr fuuom`gh ~rgeoèx)

f`h mosg kou,kgr ela~igxg `fag) ugvwgèg `wabgr) fhhrguu) ~rllc lc ohg`xocoefxol`) f`hrgigsf`x o`clrafxol`.

Xkg BGO ukfii xkg` guxfbiouk xkg ohg`xoxy lc xkg slxgr by:

f. Sgrocyo`m }kgxkgr xkg slxgru `fag ou o` xkg GHESI4

b. Ekgedo`m xkg slxgru rgugabifèg xl xkg ~klxlmrf~k o` xkg GHESI

e. Sgrocyo`m kou ~klxlmrf~k lr u~geoag` uom`fxwrgu o` xkg Slxgru Rgmouxrfxol` Rgelrh

h. Sgrocyo`m oc xkg slxgr ou ohg`xocogh w`hgr lfxk by f`y agabgr lc xkg BGO

g. Sgrocyo`m xkg slxgru ohg`xoxy xkrlwmk f`y fwxkg`xoe hlewag`x xkfx afy guxfbiouk kou

ohg`xoxy) G[EG^X bfrf`mfy egrxocoefxgu lr elaawòxy xf{ egrxocoefxgu.

W~l` uweeguucwiiy sgrocyo`m xkg slxgru ohg`xoxy) xkg BGO ukfii horgex xkg slxgr xl xkg BGO

Ekforaf` clr xkg ouuwfèg lc xkg bfiilx.

=?

=?



26/125

FGU 2>6> KF@HBLLD ^fmg 6;

Dgy ^lo`xu clr xkg BGO Ekforaf`:

Bgclrg ouuwo`m f bfiilx) xkg BGO Ekforaf` }oii ekged oc xkg slxgruco`mgru kfsg `lx ygx bgg` uxfo`gh by o`hgiobig o`d.

Oc uxfo`gh) xkg slxgr }oii bg ~rguwagh xl kfsg slxgh f`hukfii bg fudgh xl igfsg xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg.

[ Oc wùxfo`gh) xkg BGO ekforaf` }oii uom` xkg GHESI f`hcrl`x lc xkg bfiilx o` xkg hguom`fxgh u~feg.

Xkg bfiilx awux bg ~ifegh oùohg xkg Bfiilx Ugergey Clihgr o` uwekaf``gr fu }lwih elsgr xkg cfeg lc xkg bfiilx) rgsgfio`m lìy xkg

~lrxol` }kgrg xkg BGO Ekforafù uom`fxwrg.;>

8=.]kfx kf~~gù oc xkg BGO Ekforaf` cfoiu xl fwxkg`xoefxg xkg bfiilx by fcco{o`m kou,kgruom`fxwrg o` xkg u~feg hghoefxgh clr xkg ~wr~lug/) Ugexol` 57.

;6ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 57) fiul Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +bb/ +2/.

;2ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 57.


27/125

FGU 2>6> KF@HBLLD ^fmg 6?

Gigexol` Lccgùg

b. Afhg lc rgegosgh f ~rlaoug xl o`ciwgèg xkg moso`m lr }oxkkliho`m lc f`y uwek slxg4 lr

e. Afhg f bgx lr ou o`xgrguxgh horgexiy lr o`horgexiy o` f bgx xkfx hg~g`hu w~l` xkg rguwixu

lc xkg gigexol`.

Xkg cliil}o`m afy bg ekfrmgh }oxk f` gigexol` lccgùg:

6. F ~grul` }kl slxgu o` f` gigexol` BWX:

ou `lx f rgmouxgrgh slxgr) lr

}kl bgo`m rgmouxgrgh) slxgu alrg xkf` lèg o` xkg ufag gigexol`;5

afdgu ox ~luuobig clr xkg `wabgr lc slxgu efux xl g{eggh xkg

`wabgr lc rgmouxgrgh slxgru ukfii iodg}oug bg iofbig clr f` gigexol` lccgùg

2. F`y BGO agabgr }kl:

;8

ouuwgu f` lccoeofi bfiilx xl f ~grul` `lx vwfiocogh xl bg ouuwgh f` lccoeofi

bfiilx afy bg ekfrmgh }oxk f` gigexol` lccgùg

;7

7>.]kfx ukfii xkg BGO hl }kg` f ekfiig`mg ou rfough/.

;7Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +z/ +2>/.

;3ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 28.

GIGEXOL@ LCCG@UG


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76.]kfx ukfii xkg ekfiig`mgh slxgr hl o` xkgug oùxfègu) ~rgug`xgh by ELAGIGE hwro`m xkg ^KOIJFu

G{~grxu Aggxo`m l` xkg Gigexol` If} Xrfoò`m Ewrroewiwa clr RXE Jwhmgu +68 F~roi 2>6>) Kyfxx Afòif/

;=ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 27.

;;ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 23.

;?ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 27.

?>ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 27.

?6ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 53.


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Dgy ^lo`xu Clr Slxgru:

Bg efrgcwi o` xkg afrdo`m lc f`y lsfiu) gu~geofiiy xklug }koekhl `lx elrrgu~l`h xl ylwr ekloeg.

Hl `lx clih lr erwa~ig xkg bfiilx. Dgg~ xkg bfiilx eigf`. Xkgrg uklwih bg `l uxfo`u) uawhmgu lr

f`y lxkgr afrdu o` xkg bfiilx.

@gsgr ukl} xkg bfiilx xl f`yl`g.77.]kfx kf~~g`u oc xkg slxgr ukfhgu f`h ekllugu alrg xkf` xkg `wabgr lc rgvworgh

ef`hohfxgu xl bg slxgh clr f ~frxoewifr ~luoxol`


30/125


Comwrg 5: Ilefxol` lc Cgghgr o` xkg ^ELU Afeko`g

7;.]kfx kf~~g`u oc xkgrg ou lsgrslxo`m6>/) U gexol` 6;.

?8ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 53.

CGGHGR


31/125


Fcxgr) xkg slxgr awux rgxwr` xkg bfiilx ugergey clihgr f`h afrdo`m ~g` xl xkg BGO

Ekforaf`. F` o`hgiobig o`d }oii bg f~~iogh xl xkg slxgru co`mgr) f`h kg,ukg fcco{ kou,kgr

xkwab afrd o` xkg GHESI.?7

]kg` efuxo`m kou,kgr slxg) ox ukfii bg W@IF]CWI clr f slxgr xl?3

[ Bro`m xkg bfiilx) bfiilx ugergey clihgr lr afrdo`m ~g` lwxuohg lc xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg4:

[ U~gfd }oxk f`yl`g lxkgr xkf` fu kgrgo` ~rlsohgh }koig oùohg xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg4[ ^rg~frg kou bfiilx }oxklwx wuo`m ugergey clihgr lr g{kobox oxu el`xg`xu4[ Coii kou bfiilx feela~fògh by f`lxkgr) g{eg~x o` xkg efug lc f` oiioxgrfxg lr ~grul` }oxk

houfboioxy ,houfbigh slxgr4

[ Grfug f`y ~ro`xo`m crla xkg bfiilx) lr ~wx f`y houxo`mwouko`m afrd l` xkg bfiilx4[ Wug efrbl` ~f~gr) ~frfcco` ~f~gr lr lxkgr agfù lc afdo`m f el~y lc xkg el`xg`xu lc

xkg bfiilx) lr lxkgr}oug afdg wug lc f`y lxkgr uekgag xl ohg`xocy kou slxg) oèiwho`m

xkg wug lc homoxfi efagrfu) egiiwifr ~kl`gu }oxk efagrf lr uoaoifr mfhmgxu4

[ O`xg`xol`fiiy xgfr lr hgcfeg xkg bfiilx4 f`h[ Hourw~x lr fxxga~x xl hourw~x xkg `lrafi l~grfxol` lc xkg ÊLU.

îgfug `lxg xkfx gigexol` lccgùgu frg `lx ioaoxgh xl xkg fblsg ioux. îgfug rgcgr xl xkg

houewuuol` w`hgr oxga O[ g`xoxigh Gigexol` Lccgùgu.

32.Frg xkgrg efugu }kg` xkg ÊLU }oii rgjgex bfiilxu< ]kfx frg xkgug efugu/) Ug exol` 53.

?3ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 5>.

?=ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 5;.

GIGEXOL@ LCCG@UG


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Rgful` clr Rgjgexol` Xl Hl Ifux L~xol`

+oc ÊLU uxoii hlgu `lx feeg~x xkg

bfiilx bgo`m cgh/

Fabomwlwu Afrd Ekged oc xkg lsfiu elrrgu~l`ho`m xl

hguorgh ef`hohfxg }grg cwiiy ukfhgh

Oc `lx) cwiiy ukfhg fii xklug }koek frg `lxcwiiy ukfhgh

Rgxwr` xkg Bfiilx xl xkg BGO

Ekforaf`

F@H,LR

Rgmouxgr lbjgexol` xl xkg rgjgexol`

lc xkg bfiilx o` }roxo`m) f`h fxxfek

f`h `lxg o` xkg Ao`wxgu lc

Slxo`m.?;

Aourgfh Bfiilx Rgcggh xkg bfiilx o` hoccgrg`x

lrog`xfxolù

O`sfioh Bfiilx Ekged oc xkg bfiilx bgil`mu xl xkg ufag

~rgeoèx o` }koek xkg slxgr ou slxo`m

Oc ul) rgcggh xkg bfiilx o` hoccgrg`x

lrog`xfxolù

38.]kfx ukfii xkg BGO hl }oxk rgjgexgh bfiilxu

Gigexol` Lccgùgu }oxk rgu~gex xl bfiilxu:

6. wug lc bfiilxu lxkgr xkf` xkg lccoeofi bfiilxu6>6

2. wug lc bfiilxu lxkgr xkfx ~rlsohgh by xkg BGO

6>2

5. w`fwxklrozgh ~ro`xo`m

6>5

8. w`fwxklrozgh houxrobwxol` xkgrglc

lc bfiilxu xkfx f~~gfr fu lccoeofi bfiilxu6>8

?;

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 5;.??ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 5;.6>>

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 5;.6>6

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +z/ +68/.6>2

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +z/ +3/.6>5

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +z/ +6;/.6>8

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +z/ +6;/.

GIGEXOL@ LCCG@UG


33/125


33.Afy f` oiioxgrfxg f`h ~grul` }oxk houfboioxy,houfbigh slxgr bg fiil}gh xl bg fuuouxgh bylxkgr ~grul`u7

3=.]kl ef` fuuoux f` oiioxgrfxg f`h ~grul` }oxk houfboioxy,houfbigh slxgru3

Fii fuuouxlru awux bg lc slxo`m fmg.

6>=

Xkg fuuouxlr awux fiul bg fwxklrozgh by xkg slxgr xl kgi~ koa efux kou slxg.

6>;

3;.Afy xkg ufag fuuouxlr kgi~ fii xkg houfbigh slxgru o` kou ~rgeo`ex?

3?.]kfx frg xkg rgvworgag`xu bgclrg f` fuuouxlr ef` kgi~ ~rg~frg bfiilxu clr oiioxgrfxg f`h~grul` }oxk houfboioxy,houfbigh slxgru

6>7

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 56 +6/ f`h +2/.6>3

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 56 +6/.6>=

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 56 +5/.6>;

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 56 +7/.6>?

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 56 +8/.66>

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 5>.


34/125


=>.]kfx ou xkg ~rleghwrg clr ~rg~fro`m bfiilxu clr oiioxgrfxg f`h ~grul` }oxkhoufboioxy,houfbigh slxgru/) U gexol` 56.662

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) U gexol` 5=.

^lii eigrd }oii

sgrocyfwxklroxy lcxkg fuuouxlr

Fuuouxlr ukfii~rg~frg +o`

xkg ~rgugèglc xkg slxgr/

xkg bfiilxwuo`m f bfiilx

ugergey

clihgr .

Fuuouxlr ukfiigùwrg xkfx

xkg el`xg`xulc xkg bfiilx

frg `lxhou~ifyghhwro`m xkgcggho`m lc

xkg ufag o`xlxkg ÊLU.

Xkg fuuouxlrukfii uom` o`

xkgf~~rl~rofxgu~feg o` xkg

Ao`wxgu.

^lii eigrd awux gùwrg

xkfx xkg ~grul` slxo`m

fu oiioxgrfxg f`h ~grul`

}oxk houfboioxy,houfbigh

ou o`hoefxgh fu uwek o`

xkg GHESI lr SRR.


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=2.Ef` xkg slxgr uxoii slxg oc kou,kgr fuuom`gh ~rgeo`ex kfu rw` lwx lc bfiilxu< Kl}


36/125


=7. ]kfx kf~~gù xl w`wugh bfiilxu) oc f`y> agxgr rfhowucrla xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg) }oxklwx kfso`m bgg` ul fwxklrozgh by ELAGIGE

66=

Ga~ilyo`m f`y agfù lc uekgag xl houelsgr xkg el`xg`xu lc xkg bfiilx lc fslxgr }kl ou ~rg~fro`m lr efuxo`m kou slxg lr }kl kfu jwux slxgh

66;

Ela~giio`m f slxgr xl rgsgfi kl} uwek slxgr slxgh 66? O`xgrcgro`m }oxk f`lxkgru g{greoug lc kou romkx xl slxg Frrguxo`m lr hgxfoò`m f slxgr }oxklwx if}cwi efwug62> aliguxo`m f slxgr o` uwek f af``gr fu xl lbuxrwex lr ~rgsg`x koa crla mlo`m xlxkg ~liio`m ~ifeg xl efux kou slxg lr crla rgxwrò`m klag fcxgr efuxo`m kou slxg

626

668ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 5?.

667

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +bb/ +8/.663 Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +g/.66=

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +~/.66;

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +z/ +7/.66?

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +z/ +=/.62>

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +z/ +=/.626

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 236 +z/ +=/.

GIGEXOL@ LCCG@UG


37/125


SO. ELW@XO@M LC SLXGU

=3.]kg` f`h }kgrg uklwih xkg BGO uxfrx elw`xo`m xkg slxgu3) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 57.

628Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 2>3) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 57.

BGO ukfii ~grclra

xkg eiluo`m cwèxol`

lc xkg ÊLU

BGO ukfii el``gex xkg

xrfùaouuol` efbig

cwèxol` lc xkg ÊLU

Xkg BGO ukfii g`xgr xkg

oBwxxl` Ugewroxy Dgy f`h

xkg Ô@u lc xkg ~lii eigrd

f`h xkg xkorh BGO agabgr.

Xkg ÊLU }oii

sfiohfxg xkg Ô@ f`hukfii eilug xkg ^LII.

Xkg ÊLU ukfii

fwxlafxoefiiy elw`xxkg slxgu .


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;>.]kfx ou xkg `g{x uxg~ oaaghofxgiy fcxgr fii xkg slxgu kfsg bgg` elw`xgh


39/125


;7.]kfx kf~~gù oc xkg ÊLU cfoiu xl elw`x xkg slxgu lr xrfùaox,~ro`x xkg rguwixu>?/) Ugexol` 5; +3/.


40/125


?>.Ef` f af`wfi elw`xo`m lc slxgu bg el`hwexgh

?6.]kfx frg oùxfègu }kgrg f af`wfi elw`x uklwih bg el`hwexgh oùxgfh lc wuo`mf`lxkgr ÊLU afeko`g

Afrwkla s. ELAGIGE) M.R. @l. 65?57=) 7 Afy 2>>>.656

Xw~fy Ill`m s. ELAGIGE) M.R. @l. 6553=3) 68 F~r oi 6???.


41/125


SOO. GIGEXOL@ RGXWR@U

?2.]kfx ou f` gigexol` rgxwr` +GR//) Ugexol` 5;.

658ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 8>.


42/125

FGU2>6>KF@HBLLD ^fmg58

Xkg ÊLU ukfii hou~ify:

^RO@XO@M ; ELÔGU LC GIGEXOL@ RGXWR@U+GR/ CLR @FXOL@FI LUOXOL@U IGFUG

]FOX f`h ^RO@XO@M ; ELÔGU LC GIGEXOL@

RGXWR@U CLR ILEFI LUOXOL@U. IGFUG]FOX

Xkg BGO ~wbioeiy f``lwègu xkg xlxfi

`wabgr lc slxgu lbxfo`gh by gfek ef`hohfxgf`h xkgor elrrgu~l`ho`m lccoegu.

Xkg ~lii eigrd f``lwègu xkg ~luxo`m lc fugel`h el~y lc xkg GR blxk clr `fxol`fi f`h

ilefi ~luoxolù +f }fii }oxko` xkg ~rgaougu lc

xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg,elw`xo`m eg`xgr/

Gùwrg xkfx xkg GRu frg ~luxgh o` f

~ifeg xkfx frg uwccoeog`xiy iomkxgh f`hfeeguuobig xl xkg ~wbioe

Gfek BGO agabgr oùgrxu kou oBwxxlùgewroxy dgy o`xg`hgh clr xkg homoxfi

uom`fxwrg o` xkg oBwxxl` ugewroxy dgy

rgeg~xfeig.

Xkg ELU }oii hou~ify: RGFH_ XL XRF@UAOX.

ÎGFUG IWM O@ XRF@UAOUUOL@ EFBIG XL

GIGEXRL@OEFII_ XRF@UAOX GIGEXOL@RG^LRXU F@H ^RGUU LD XL EL@XO@WG.

Ou alhga ~rl~griy

el``gexgh KF@HBLLD ^fmg 57

?7.]kfx kf~~gù oc xkg ÊLU cfoiu xl elw`x xkg slxg lr xrfùaox,~ro`x xkg rguwixu/ feerghoxgh afjlr `fxol`fi ~frxogu)

g{eiwho`m xkg hlao`f`x f`h ao`lroxy ~frxogu)

o` feelrhfèg }oxk f sliw`xfry fmrggag`x

fal`m xkga.

xk

6?xk

xl

2>xk

X}l +2/ feerghoxgh afjlr ilefi

~frxogu o` feelrhfèg }oxk f

sliw`xfry fmrggag`x fal`m xkga.

6?xk

xl

2>xk

X}l +2/ feerghoxgh afjlr ilefi ~frxogu o`

feelrhfèg }oxk f sliw`xfry fmrggag`x

fal`m xkga.

26ux

xl

28xk

Clwr +8/ `fxol`fi brlfhefux lr ~ro`x

aghof g`xoxogu fu afy bg gvwoxfbiy

hgxgrao`gh by xkg ELAGIGE o`

sog} lc ~rl~fmfxo`m xkg el~ogu xl

xkg }ohgux g{xg`x ~luuobig

26ux

xl

27

Cosg +7/ `fxol`fi brlfhefux lr ~ro`x aghof

g`xoxogu fu afy bg gvwoxfbiy hgxgrao`gh by

xkg ELAGIGE o` sog} lc ~rl~fmfxo`m xkg

el~ogu xl xkg }ohgux g{xg`x ~luuobig

xk

27xk

xl

23xk

X}l +2/ ilefi brlfhefux lr ~ro`x

aghof g`xoxogu fu afy bg gvwoxfbiyhgxgrao`gh by xkg ELAGIGE o`

23xk

xl

2=

X}l +2/ ilefi brlfhefux lr ~ro`x aghof

g`xoxogu fu afy bg gvwoxfbiy hgxgrao`gh byxkg ELAGIGE o` sog} lc ~rl~fmfxo`m xkg

xk

657ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 8> +vv/.

653ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 86.


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El~y Gigexol` lc xkg ^rguohg`x)

Soeg^rguohg`x) Ug`fxlru

f`h ^frxyioux Uyuxga

El~y Gigexol` lc Ilefi Lccoeofiu f`h

Agabgru lc xkg Klwug lc

Rg~rgug`xfxosgu

sog} lc ~rl~fmfxo`m xkg el~ogu xl

xkg }ohgux g{xg`x ~luuobig

el~ogu xl xkg }ohgux g{xg`x ~luuobig

2=xk

xl

5>xk

Clwr +8/ afjlr eoxozgù frau)

oèiwho`m xkg feerghoxgh eoxozgùfra f`h lxkgr `l`~frxouf` mrlw~u

lr lrmfòzfxolù gìouxgh by xkg

UGE ~wruwf`x xl Ugexol` 72+D> lc

B.^. Bim. ;;6. Uwek eoxozgù frau)

mrlw~u f`h lrmfòzfxolù afy wug

xkg clwr egrxocogh el~ogu lc gigexol`

rgxwrù clr xkg el`hwex lc eoxozgù

vwoed elw`xu fx xkg ilefi lr

`fxol`fi igsgiu

2;xk

xl

56ux

Xkrgg +5/ afjlr eoxozgù frau) oèiwho`m xkg

feerghoxgh eoxozgù fra f`h lxkgr `l`~frxouf` mrlw~u lr lrmfòzfxolù gìouxgh by

xkg UGE ~wruwf`x xl Ugexol` 72+D> lc B.^.

Bim. ;;6. Uwek eoxozgù frau) mrlw~u f`h

lrmfòzfxolù afy wug xkg clwr egrxocogh

el~ogu lc gigexol` rgxwrù clr xkg el`hwex lc

eoxozgù vwoed elw`xu fx xkg ilefi lr `fxol`fi

igsgiu

56ux

L`g +6/ xl bg ~luxgh elù~oewlwuiy

l` f }fii }oxko` xkg ~rgaougu lc

xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg lr elw`xo`m

eg`xgr

?=. ]kfx }oii xkg ~rleghwrg bg oc xkg ~frxogu elwih `lx rgfek f` fmrggag`x fu xl xkg el~oguhouxrobwxgh xl xkg feerghoxgh afjlr `fxol`fi f`h ilefi ~frxogu>=/) Ugexol` 26.

Xkg cliil}o`m frg xkg eroxgrof ~rlsohgh o` Ugexol` 23 lc R.F. @l. =633

clr eklluo`m xkg ~frxogu

f. Xkg guxfbioukgh rgelrh lc xkg ~frxogu) elfioxol` lc mrlw~u xkfxela~lug xkga) xfdo`m o`xl feelw`x) fal`m lxkgr xko`mu)

xkgor ukl}o`m o` ~fux gigexolù4

b. Xkg `wabgr lc oèwabg`x gigexosg lccoeofiu bgil`mo`m xl xkgaò`gxy +?>/ hfyu bgclrg xkg hfxg lc gigexol`4

e. Xkgor ohg`xocofbig ~lioxoefi lrmfòzfxolù f`h uxrg`mxku fugsohgègh by xkgor lrmfòzgh,ekf~xgru4

h. Xkg fboioxy xl coii f ela~igxg uifxg lc ef`hohfxgu crla xkgawòeo~fi igsgi xl xkg ~luoxol` lc ^rguohg`x4 f`h

g. Lxkgr f`filmlwu eorewauxfègu xkfx afy hgxgrao`g xkgorrgifxosg lrmfòzfxolù f`h uxrg`mxku.


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?;.]oii f el~y lc xkg GRu bg ~luxgh }oxko` xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg lr elw`xo`m eg`xgr< Oc ul) }kgùklwih uwek el~y bg ~luxgh. ]oii xkg ~wbioe bg fiil}gh xl xfdg ~klxlu xkg el~y ~luxgh o` xkg ~liio`m ~ifeg lrelw`xo`m eg`xgr

6>6. Ef` xkg ~wbioe rgvwgux clr el~ogu lc xkg GR afy bg ~ro`xgh f`h mosg` xl rgvwguxo`m ~frxogu fx

xkgor l}` g{~gùg.686

6>2. ]kfx kf~~gù fcxgr xkg 8;klwr ~luxo`m ~grolh6>/) U gexol` 8> +~/.65?

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??=/) Ugexol` 2=) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 554 ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 8> +v/.68>

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??6/) Ugexol` 2=) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 554 ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8

Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 8>+v/.686

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??6/) Ugexol` 2=) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 55.682

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??6/) Ugexol` 2=) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 55. ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8

Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 8>+v/.


46/125


SOOO. ^LUXELW@XO@M F@H

^LUXXRF@UAOUUOL@

^RLEGHWRGU

6>5. ]kfx ukfii xkg BGO hl `g{x w~l` xkg xgrao`fxol` lc xkg elw`xo`m lc slxgu f`h xkgf``lwègag`x lc xkg rguwixu lc xkg gigexol` o` xkg ~rgeoèx>

leiled4 G`sgil~g el`xfoò`m

Oòxofiozfxol` Rg~lrx) ^rgeoèx Fwhox Ilm

Rg~lrx f`h ^rgeoèx Uxfxouxoeu Rg~lrx4

gigexol` rgxwrù o`xg`hgh clr xkg

^rlsoèofi Blfrh lc Ef`sfuugru) Rgmol`fi

Blfrh lc Ef`sfuugru f`h xkg

Elaaouuol` l` Gigexolù4 g`sgil~gel`xfoò`m xkg afo` agalry efrh clr

wug by xkg ABLE o` efug lc cfoiwrg lc

xrfùaouuol`4 Lxkgr hlewag`xu

4

Hgiosgr xkg bfiilx bl{) feela~fògh by

}fxekgru xl xkg eoxy lr awòeo~fi

xrgfuwrgr. O` efug xkg bfiilx bl{ ou `lx

iledgh f`h,lr ugfigh) xkg xrgfuwrgr ukfii

iled f`h,lr ugfi ox. Xkg xrgfuwrgr ukfii

oèiwhg uwek cfex f`h xkg ugrofi `wabgr

lc xkg ugiciledo`m ugrofiiy `wabgrghco{gh ig`mxk ugfi wugh) o` kou rg~lrx xl

xkg ELAGIGE.

Comwrg =: Uxg~u fcxgr xgrao`fxol` lc elw`xo`m lc slxgu f`h f``lwègag`x lc rguwixu


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Fcxgr xkg elw`xo`m lc slxgu) xkg rlsoèofi Gigexol` Uw~grsoulr) Gigexol` Lccoegr lr xkg

Xrgfuwrgr) ukfii rgvworg xkg BGO }koek cfoigh xl hgiosgr xkg gigexol` hlewag`xu lr

~frf~kgr`fiof oaaghofxgiy. Xkg ~rleghwrg clr xkg hgiosgry f`h xrfùaoxxfi lc ~ro`xgh

el~ogu lc gigexol` rgxwrù frg ~rlsohgh o` Elagige Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>5 ~rlawimfxgh l` 63

Afrek 2>6>.

6>8. ]kfx }oii xkg Gigexol` Lccoegr hl }oxk xkg GHESI f`h xkg ÊSI7. ]kfx uklwih xkg BGO hl oc ox laoxu lr grrl`glwuiy oèiwhgu hlewag`xu o` xkgbfiilx bl{3. Ef` xkg bfiilx bl{ bg rgl~g`gh6>/) Ugexol` 88.688

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;=;3 +8 Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 87.687



48/125


O[. EF@SFUU

F.Xkg Blfrh lc Ef`sfuugru +BLE/6>=. Clr }koek frgfu uklwih xkgrg bg elùxoxwxgh f BLE f`h }kl g{greougu

uw~grsouol` f`h el`xrli lsgr xkg Blfrh;. ]kfx ou xkg ela~luoxol` lc xkg BLE o` xkg hoccgrg`x igsgiu? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6.

68=ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/ Ugexol` 2.

68;ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 74 Rg~wbioe Fex @l. 3383 +6?;;/) Ugexol`. 2> +f/ uxfxgu xkfx xkg ~rlsoèofiBLE ukfii bg ela~lugh lc xkg ~rlsoèofi gigexol` uw~grsoulr lr f if}ygr o` xkg rgmol`fi lccoeg lc xkg ELAGIGE) fu ekforaf`) xkg

~rlsoèofi couefi) fu soegekforaf`) f`h xkg ~rlsoèofi uw~gro`xg`hg`x lc ueklliu) fu agabgr.


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Houxroex BLE

+clr igmouifxosg houxroexu

lc Agxrl Afòif

ela~rouo`m x}l +2/ eoxogu

lr awòeo~fioxogu/

Eoxy Gigexol` Lccoegr lr f ELAGIGE if}ygr) fu ekforaf`) xkg eoxy

~rlugewxlr) fu soegekforaf`) f`h xkg eoxy uw~gro`xg`hg`x lc ueklliu)

fu agabgr

6>?. Ou xkg ela~luoxol` lc xkg BLEu fccgexgh by xkg FGU

Xkou xgek`lilmyef~fbig ~grul` ukfii bg d`l}` fu EEU l~grfxlr. Xkg EEU l~grfxlru

ukfii bg hguom`fxgh by xkg ^rlsoèofi Gigexol` Uw~grsoulr elègr`gh) o` xkg efug lc xkg

eoxy BLE,awòeo~fi BLE lwxuohg xkg @fxol`fi Ef~oxfi Rgmol` +@ER/) f`h by xkg @ER

Rgmol`fi Gigexol` Horgexlr o` xkg efug lc xkg eoxy) awòeo~fi f`h houxroex BLE o` xkg

@ER. Xkg Rgmol`fi Gigexol` Horgexlr elègr`gh ukfii hguom`fxg xkg EEU l~grfxlr o` xkg

efug lc xkg ~rlsoèofi blfrhu lc ef`sfuugru o` rgmolù lwxuohg xkg @ER.

676

66>. ]kl ou houvwfiocogh crla bgo`m f EEU L~grfxlr Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 84 Rg~wbioe Fex @l. 3383 +6?;;/) Ugexol`. 2> +b/ uxfxgu xkfx xkg eoxy BLE

ukfii bg ela~lugh lc xkg eoxy gigexol` rgmouxrfr lr f if}ygr lc xkg ELAGIGE) fu ekforaf`) xkg eoxy couefi) fu soegekforaf`) f`h xkgeoxy uw~gro`xg`hg`x lc ueklliu) fu agabgr. O` eoxogu }oxk alrg xkf` l`g gigexol` rgmouxrfr) xkg ELAGIGE ukfii hguom`fxg xkg gigexol`rgmouxrfr }kl ukfii fex fu ekforaf`.

67>Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 7.

676ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` =.

672ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` =.

675Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 222.


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houvwfiocogh hwg xl rgifxolùko~) lr oèf~feoxfxgh clr f`y efwug? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` ;4 Bfxfu ^fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 223 uxfxgu: O` efug lc `l`

fsfoifboioxy) fbugèg) houvwfiocoefxol` hwg xl rgifxolùko~) lr oèf~feoxy clr f`y efwug lc xkg ekforaf`) xkg ELAGIGE ukfii hguom`fxg

xkg ~rlsoèofi lr eoxy couefi xl fex fu ekforaf`. Iodg}oug) o` efug lc `l`fsfoifboioxy) fbugèg) houvwfiocoefxol` hwg xl rgifxolùko~) lroèf~feoxy clr f`y efwug) lc uwek hguom`gg) xkg `g{x rf`do`m ~rlsoèofi lr eoxy couefi ukfii bg hguom`fxgh by xkg ELAGIGE f`h uwekhguom`fxol` ukfii ~fuu xl xkg `g{x o` rf`d w`xoi xkg hguom`gg vwfiocogu.

677ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` ;4 Bfxfu ^fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 223 uxfxgu: ]oxk rgu~gex xl xkg

lxkgr agabgru lc xkg BLE) xkg ELAGIGE ukfii f~~lo`x fu uwbuxoxwxg xkg ~rlsoèofi) eoxy lr awòeo~fi lccoegru lc lxkgr mlsgràg`xfmgèogu o` xkg ~rlsoèg) eoxy lr awòeo~fioxy) fu xkg efug afy bg) f`h }oxk rgu~gex xl xkg rg~rgug`xfxosgu lc xkg feerghoxgh ~lioxoefi

~frxogu) xkg ELAGIGE ukfii f~~lo`x fu uwbuxoxwxgu xklug lao`fxgh by xkg ufoh ~lioxoefi ~frxogu.


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665. ]kl kfu xkg fwxklroxy xl f~~lo`x uwbuxoxwxg agabgru lc xkg BLEu f`h }kfxou xkg hwxy lc xkg f~~lo`xo`m fwxklroxy }oxk rgu~gex xl kou f~~lo`xag`x lc uwbuxoxwxg

BLE agabgru6>/) Ugexol` ;.

67=ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 62.


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F`y BLE agabgr cgomò`m oii`guu o` lrhgr xl bg uwbuxoxwxgh l`

gigexol` hfy w`xoi xkg ~rleifafxol` lc xkg }o`ò`m ef`hohfxgu

ukfii bg mwoixy lc f` gigexol` lccgùg.67;

663. ]kl ukfii rgelrh f`h ~rg~frg xkg Ao`wxgu lc BLE ~rleggho`mu Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` ?.63>

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 27.636

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 2254 Ugg fiul ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 68.

GIGEXOL@ LCCG@UG


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Fu f` g{eg~xol`) xkg ^rlsoèofi Gigexol` Uw~grsoulr o` xkg efug lc ABLE lr EBLE f`h

xkg Rgmol`fi Gigexol` Horgexlr o` xkg efug lc ^BLE HBLE afy ouuwg uwek fwxklroxy. O`

goxkgr efug) f }roxxg` rg~lrx ukfii bg uwbaoxxgh xl xkg If} Hg~frxag`x.632

66?. ]kfx frg xkg cwèxolù f`h rgu~lùoboioxogu lc xkg ^rlsoèofi) Eoxy) Houxroex f`hABLEu. ]kfx frg xkg hwxogu lc xkg @fxol`fi BLE clr rguohg`x f`h Soeg^rguohg`x/ hfyu

fcxgr xkg hfy lc xkg gigexol`) l~g` fii xkg egrxocoefxgu o` xkg ~rgugèg lc xkg Ug`fxg f`h

xkg Klwug lc Rg~rgug`xfxosgu o` jlo`x ~wbioe uguuol`.

W~l` hgxgrao`fxol` lc xkg fwxkg`xoeoxy f`h xkg hwg g{gewxol` xkgrglc o` xkg af``gr

~rlsohgh by if}) El`mrguu ef`sfuu fii xkg rguwixu clr ~rguohg`x f`h soeg~rguohg`x f`h

xkgrgfcxgr) ~rleifoa xkg }o`ò`m ef`hohfxgu.638

632ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 68.

635ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6;.

638Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;853 +6??=/) Ugexol` 2;) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 254 Ugg fiul Uo{xl U. Broiif`xgu) Jr.) gx

fi. s. ELAGIGE) M.R. @l. 6356?5) 67 Jw`g 2>>8.


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B.Af``gr lc Ef`sfuuo`m626. ]kfx ~rleghwrgu ukfii xkg BLE lbugrsg bgclrg xkg ef`sfuuo`m bgmo`u? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 23.


55/125


622. ]kfx ~rleghwrgu frg xl bg cliil}gh by xkg BLE hwro`m ef`sfuuo`m rgifxosg xl xkgo`oxofiozfxol` lc xkg El`uliohfxol` f`h Ef`sfuuo`m Uyuxga +EEU/? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 2= +f/.


56/125


625. Kl} ou xkg ef`sfuuo`m uxfrxgh: Uxfrxo`m xkg Ef`sfuuo`m

628. Kl} frg xkg xrfùaouuolù lc hfxf crla slxo`m eg`xgru alòxlrgh by xkg Blfrhu? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 2= +b/.

63;ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 2= +e/.


57/125


627. ]kfx afy bg hl`g o` xkg efug lc w`uxrf`uaoxxgh rguwixu


58/125


623. Kl} frg xkg ef`sfuu rg~lrxu mg`grfxgh


59/125


62=. Kl} frg xkg ELEu mg`grfxgh f`h ~ro`xgh


60/125


62;. ]kfx ou xkg af``gr lc xrf`uaoxxo`m rguwixu


61/125


65>. Kl} ou xkg el`uliohfxgh ULS mg`grfxgh f`h ~ro`xgh


62/125


656. Kl} ou xkg Egrxocoefxg lc Ef`sfuu f`h rleifafxol` +ELE^/ mg`grfxgh


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652. Kl} ou xkg Fwhox Ilm mg`grfxgh f`h ~ro`xgh


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658. ]kfx frg xkg ~rleghwrgu xl bg xfdg` xl gùwrg xkfx xkg rguwixu mg`grfxgh by xkgEEU frg bfedgh w~

xl bfed!w~ coigu o` x}lfhhoxol`fi houeu.

Xwr`lsgr xkg EH xl xkgEkforaf`.

Uwbaox xl xkg Rgeg~xol`f`h Ewuxlhy Mrlw~ lc xkg

^rlsoèofi Blfrh lcEf`sfuugr +clr E,ABLE/,

@fxol`fi Blfrh lcEf`sfuugru +clr BLE/.

Xkg x}l +2/ houeu wugh xlbfed!w~ xkg eoxy,awòeo~filr ~rlsoèofi rguwixu) hwiyugfigh ukfii bg uwbaoxxghxl xkg BLE,EL@MRGUU

f`h Elaaouuol`.

Comwrg 26: Bfedo`m w~ EEU rguwixu


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657. ]kfx ou xkg ~rleghwrg o` ukwxxo`m hl}` xkg EEU) xkg Ekforaf` lc xkg Blfrh ukfii mosg }roxxg` `lxoeg xl oxu

agabgru f`h xl gfek ef`hohfxg) ~lioxoefi ~frxy lr elfioxol` lc ~lioxoefi ~frxogu cogiho`m

ef`hohfxgu +kgrgo`fcxgr rgcgrrgh xl fu ~lioxoefi ~frxy/) f`h ~frxy) lrmfòzfxol`,elfioxol`

~frxoeo~fxo`m w`hgr xkg ~frxyioux uyuxga +kgrgo`fcxgr rgcgrrgh xl fu ~frxyioux mrlw~u/

lc xkg hfxg) xoag f`h ~ifeg lc xkg ef`sfuuo`m) }koek ukfii bg kgih) wìguu lxkgr}ouglrhgrgh by xkg ELAGIGE) o` xkg uguuol` kfii lc xkg Uf`mmwòf`m Bfyf`,

^fìw`mulh,^fìfif}omf`.

@lxoegu lc xkg ef`sfuuo`m ukfii bg ~luxgh o` xkg lccoegu lc xkg Gigexol`

Lccoegr,^rlsoèofi Gigexol` Uw~grsoulr) fu xkg efug afy bg) f`h o` xkrgg +5/ elù~oewlwu

~ifegu o` xkg bwoiho`m }kgrg xkg ef`sfuu }oii bg kgih.

Uoaoifr `lxoegu ukfii fiul bg mosg` clr uwbugvwg`x aggxo`mu wìguu `lxoeg kfu bgg`

mosg` o` l~g` uguuol`. ^rllc lc ugrsoeg lc `lxoeg xl gfek agabgr) ef`hohfxg) ~lioxoefi

~frxy cogiho`m ef`hohfxgu f`h ~frxyioux mrlw~u ukfii bg fxxfekgh xl f`h clra ~frx lc

xkg rgelrhu lc xkg ~rleggho`mu. Oc `lxoeg ou mosg` o` l~g` uguuol`) uwek cfex ukfii bg

rgelrhgh o` xkg ao`wxgu lc xkg ~rleggho`mu.


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Cfoiwrg xl mosg `lxoeg lc xkg hfxg) xoag f`h ~ifeg lc xkg aggxo`m lc xkg

BLE ou f` gigexol` lccgùg w`hgr Uge. 236 +ff/ +6/ lc xkg Laòbwu Gigexol`

Elhg.63?

G{fa~igu:

]kgrg xkg BLE agrgiy rgeguugh fcxgr ox el`sg`gh fx 3:>> ~.a. bgefwug xkgrg }grg `l

rgxwrù xl ef`sfuu ygx) f`h xkg` rguwagh oxu ~rleggho`mu }kg` xkg rgxwrù frrosgh)

xkgrg ou `l `geguuoxy xl ug`h f`lxkgr `lxoeg xl oxu agabgru f`h xl gfek ef`hohfxg f`h

~lioxoefi ~frxy rg~rgug`xo`m xkg ef`hohfxgu. O` xkou efug) xkgrg ou `l uwbugvwg`x

aggxo`m lc xkg BLE xl u~gfd lc.6=>

]kgrg xkgrg ou `l hlwbx xkfx xkg uklrx `lxoegu +bfrgiy f` klwr/ mosg` xl xkg ef`hohfxgu

}grg g{~rguuiy hguom`gh xl ~rgsg`x xkgor fxxg`hfèg) xkg ufag ou uwccoeog`x mrlw`h xl

f``wi xkg ef`sfuu.

6=6

65=. ]kg` uklwih xkg BLEu bg el`sg`gh> leiled `ll` lc Afy 6>) 2>6> fx xkg hguom`fxgh ~ifeg

xl oòxofiozg xkg EEU f`h xl rgegosg f`h ef`sfuu xkg gigexrlòefiiyxrfùaoxxgh GRu lr

xkg ELEu. Ox ukfii aggx el`xo`wlwuiy w`xoi xkg ef`sfuu ou ela~igxgh) f`h afy fhjlwr`lìy clr xkg ~wr~lug lc f}foxo`m xkg lxkgr GRu,ELEu.6=2

65;. ]kfx ou xkg slxg rgvworgh clr xkg BLE xl rg`hgr f hgeouol` o` ouuwgu f`h afxxgrubgclrg xkga? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6>4 Ugg fiul Rg~wbioe Fex @l. 3383 +6?;;/) Ugexol` 25.6=>

Vwoifif s. ELAGIGE) M.R. @l. ;2=23) 65 Fwmwux 6??>.6=6

Rwco`l U. F`xlòl) Jr. s. ELAGIGE) M.R. @l. I563>8) 6= F~roi 6?=>.6=2

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 66.6=5

ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6=4 Ugg fiul Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 227.

GIGEXOL@ LCCG@UG


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E. ^grul`u ^rgug`x Hwro`m Ef`sfuuo`m65?. ]kfx romkxu hl rgmouxgrgh ~lioxoefi ~frxogu) elfioxol` lc ~frxogu) f`h ef`hohfxgu

kfsg bgclrg xkg BLE f`h hwro`m ef`sfuuo`m. Frg }fxekgru fiil}gh xl bg ~rgug`x hwro`m ef`sfuuo`m? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6?4 Ugg fiul Rg~wbioe Fex @l. 3383 +6?;;/) Ugexol` 27.

6=7ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 264 Ugg fiul Bfxfu fabf`uf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 252.


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682. Ou xkgrg f` g{eg~xol` xl xkou ~rlkoboxol`/) Ugexol` 264 Ugg fiul Bfxfu fabf`uf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 252.

6==ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 6;4 Ugg fiul Rg~wbioe Fex @l. 3383 +6?;;/) Ugexol` 28.

6=;Ugg houewuuol` l` fwxkg`xoeoxy f`h hwg g{gewxol`) o`crf.

6=?Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;853 +6??=/) Ugexol` 27) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 2>.


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683. ]kfx ou xkg oa~lrxfèg lc xkg ULS

68=. ]kl ukfii kfsg xkg rgu~lùoboioxy lc rgegoso`m f`h ufcgdgg~o`m lc xkg afoàgalry efrh f`h lc xkg kfrhel~ogu lc GRu>/ eiwuxgrgh ~rgeoèxu o` xkg eoxy,awòeo~fioxy,houxroex lr

l`g +6/ REM clr gfek ~rlsoèg clr xkg rgeg~xol` f`h ufcgdgg~o`m lc xkg kfrhel~ogu lc

ELEu f`h ULSu.

Clr xkou ~wr~lug) xkg Gigexol` Lccoegr lr xkg ^rlsoèofi Gigexol` Uw~grsoulr ukfii ~rlsohg

xkg REM }oxk xkg ^rljgex lc ^rgeoèxu lc xkg eoxy,awòeo~fioxy,houxroex lr xkg ioux lc

awòeo~fioxogu,eoxogu o` xkg ~rlsoèg) fu xkg efug afy bg.6;6

68;. ]kfx ou xkg ela~luoxol` lc xkg REM>?.

6;6ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 22.




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71/125


m/ îfeg xkg g`sgil~gu el`xfoò`m xkg GRu,ELEu oùohg xkg bfiilx bl{) eilug f`h

iled xkg ufag }oxk ~fhiledu4 f`h

k/ Clr}frh xl xkg Blfrh) xkg bfiilx bl{gu el`xfoò`m xkg GRu, ELEu f`h l`g el~y

lc xkg ioux lc ~rgeoèxu, ioux lc eoxogu,awòeo~fioxogu,houxroexu fu afrdgh.

o/ Cliil} uxg~u b xl h lc xkou ugexol` clr xkg g`sgil~gu el`xfoò`m agalry efrh,EH

ifbgiigh XRF@UAOXXGH f`h xkgrgfcxgr) uwbaox xl xkg Blfrh.

676. Kl} af`y el~ogu lc xkg ELEû f`h ULSu ukfii bg ~rlhwegh f`h kl} frg xkgel~ogu xl bg houxrobwxgh? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 2?.


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alrg igmouifxosg

houxroexu, komkiy

wrbfòzgh eoxogu

6.6. Xl xkg ELAGIGE o` Afòif4

6.2. Clr ~luxo`m l` xkg bwiigxo` blfrh lc xkg eoxy kfii4

6.5. Xl dg~x by xkg Ekforaf` lc xkg Blfrh4

6.8. Xl xkg Rgmol`fi Gigexol` Horgexlr4

6.7. Xl xkg UgergxfryMg`grfi lc xkg Klwug lc Rg~rgug`xfxosgu4

f`h

6.3. Xl xkg }o`ò`m ef`hohfxgu.

Xkg corux el~y ukfii bg f`h ~ifegh o` xkg elrrgu~l`ho`m g`sgil~g)

xlmgxkgr }oxk f el~y lc xkg Uxfxgag`x lc Slxgu by ~rgeoèx.

Xkg ugel`h el~y ukfii bg ~luxgh l` xkg bwiigxo` blfrh lc xkg eoxy

kfii.

2. Clr ]o`ò`m Ef`hohfxgu clr Eoxy Lccoegu

2.6. Ugergxfry lc xkg Uf`mmwòf`m ^fìw`mulh4

2.2. Ekforaf`) EBLE42.5. ELAGIGE4

2.8. Eoxy Xrgfuwrgr4

2.7. Rgmol`fi Gigexol` Horgexlr4

2.3. Gfek lc xkg }o`ò`m ef`hohfxgu ~rleifoagh4 f`h

2.=. L`g el~y clr ~luxo`m l` xkg bwiigxo` blfrh lc xkg eoxy kfii.

Xkg corux cosg +7/ el~ogu ukfii bg ug~frfxgiy clihgh f`h ~ifegh o`

xkgor elrrgu~l`ho`m g`sgil~gu.

F el~y lc xkg Uxfxgag`x lc Slxgu by ~rgeoèx ukfii bg fxxfekgh xl

xkg el~ogu clr xkg Ugergxfry lc xkg Uf`mmwòf`m ^fìw`mulh)

Ekforaf` lc xkg EBLE) f`h xkg ELAGIGE.

^BLE 6. Xl xkg GRUH4

2. Xl xkg Ekforaf` lc xkg ^BLE4

5. Xl xkg Ugergxfry lc xkg Uf`mmwòf`m ^fìfif}omf`4

8. Xl xkg Rgmol`fi Gigexol` Horgexlr4 f`h

7. Xl gfek lc xkg }o`ò`m ef`hohfxgu.

Xkg Egrxocoefxg lc Ef`sfuu f`h ^rleifafxol` +ELE^/ ukfii bg

uom`gh f`h xkwabafrdgh by xkg ekforaf` f`h agabgru lc xkg ^BLE)

f`h xkg }fxekgru) oc fsfoifbig.

Xkg ^BLE ukfii fiul ~ro`x xkrgg +5/ el~ogu lc xkg uw~~lrxo`m

Uxfxgag`x lc Slxgu by Eoxy,Awòeo~fi) f`h ukfii bg fxxfekgh xl el~ogu

+6/) +2/ f`h +5/ lc xkg Egrxocoefxg lc Ef`sfuu f`h ^rleifafxol`. El~ogu

+6/) +2/) +5/ f`h +8/ ukfii xkg` bg o`hosohwfiiy clihgh crla xl~ xl blxxla)ugfigh }oxk ~f~gr ugfiu uwek xkfx xkg egrxocoefxgu ef``lx bg l~g`gh

}oxklwx brgfdo`m xkg ugfi) f`h ~ifegh oùohg xkgor rgu~gexosg g`sgil~gu

}koek ukfii iodg}oug bg ugfigh }oxk ~f~gr ugfiu.


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672. Afy xkg ELAGIGE hl f` w`lccoeofi vwoed elw`x ug~frfxg crla oxu hguom`fxgheoxozg`u fra>=/) Ugexol` 26.

6;;Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;853 +6??=/) Ugexol` 23) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 26.

6;?Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??6/) Ugexol` 2;) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 5?.


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oafmg lr hfxf ef~xwro`m lr clr f`y if}cwi ~wr~lug fu afy bg lrhgrgh by ela~gxg`x

fwxklroxy.6?>

e. Xkg ELAGIGE ukfii fiul ~lux oxu homoxfi coigu o` oxu }gbuoxg clr xkg ~wbioe xl sog} lrhl}`ilfh fx f`y xoag lc xkg hfy. Xkg ELAGIGE ukfii afo`xfo` xkg coigu clr fx igfux

xkrgg ygfru crla xkg hfxg lc ~luxo`m.

6?6

677. ]kfx ~rleghwrgu frg xl bg xfdg` by xkg Blfrhu fcxgr ef`sfuuo`mRg~wbioe Fex @l. ;853 +6??=/) Ugexol` 23) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 26.

6?6Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??6/) Ugexol` 2?) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 8> .

6?2ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 5>.


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673. Kl} hl BLEu ufcgmwfrh kfrh el~ogu lc GRu lr ELEu) bfedw~ EHu f`h EEU Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 56.

6?8ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 52.

GIGEXOL@ LCCG@UG


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67;. ]kfx ou xkg af``gr lc fwxkg`xoefxo`m Gigexrlòefiiy Xrfùaoxxgh Gigexol`Rguwixu>;.6?3

Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??6/) Ugexol` 5>) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 5>4 Ugg fiul Fvwoio`l I. ôag`xgi OOO s.ELAGIGE) gx fi. ) M.R. @l. 6=;865) 65 Afrek 2>>;.

6?=Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;=?2 +2>>>/) Ugexol` 66 uxfxgu:

Ugexol` 66. Fwxkg`xoefxol` lc Gigexrlòe Hfxf Aguufmgu f`h Gigexrlòe Hlewag`xu. W`xoi xkg Uw~rgag Elwrx by f~~rl~rofxg rwigu ukfii

kfsg ul ~rlsohgh) gigexrlòe hlewag`xu) gigexrlòe hfxf aguufmgu f`h gigexrlòe uom`fxwrgu) ukfii bg fwxkg`xoefxgh by

hgalùxrfxo`m) uwbuxf`xofxo`m f`h sfiohfxo`m f eifoagh ohg`xoxy lc f wugr) hgsoeg) lr f`lxkgr g`xoxy ou f` o`clrafxol` lrelaawòefxol` uyuxga) fal`m lxkgr }fyu) fu cliil}u4

+f/ Xkg gigexrlòe uom`fxwrgu ukfii bg fwxkg`xoefxgh by ~rllc xkf` f igxxgr ) ekfrfexgr) `wabgr lr lxkgr uyabli o` gigexrlòe clrarg~rgug`xo`m xkg ~grulù `fagh o` f`h fxxfekgh xl lr ilmoefiiy fuuleofxgh }oxk f` gigexrlòe hfxf aguufmg) gigexrlòe hlewag`x) lr

xkfx xkg f~~rl~rofxg agxklhlilmy lr ugewroxy ~rleghwrgu) }kg` f~~ioefbig) }grg ga~ilygh lr fhl~xgh by uwek ~grul`) }oxk xkg

o`xg`xol` lc fwxkg`xoefxo`m lr f~~rlso`m o` f` gigexrlòe hfxf aguufmg lr gigexrlòe hlewag`x4

+b/ Xkg gigexrlòe hfxf aguufmg lr gigexrlòe hlewag`x ukfii bg fwxkg`xoefxgh by ~rllc xkfx f` f~~rl~rofxg ugewroxy ~rleghwrg) }kg`

f~~ioefbig }fu fhl~xgh f`h ga~ilygh clr xkg ~wr~lug lc sgrocyo`m xkg lromo`fxlr lc f` gigexrlòe hfxf aguufmg lr gigexrlòe

hlewag`x) lr hgxgexo`m grrlr lr fixgrfxol` o` xkg elaawòefxol`) el`xg`x lr uxlrfmg lc f` gigexrlòe hlewag`x lr gigexrlòe hfxfaguufmg crla f u~geocoe ~lo`x) }koek) wuo`m fimlroxkau lr elhgu) ohg`xocyo`m }lrhu lr `wabgru) gèry~xolù) fù}gru bfed lr

fed`l}ighmgag`x ~rleghwrgu) lr uoaoifr ugewroxy hgsoegu.

Xkg Uw~rgag Elwrx afy fhl~x uwek lxkgr fwxkg`xoefxol` ~rleghwrgu) oèiwho`m xkg wug lc gigexrlòe `lxfrozfxol` uyuxgau fu`geguufry f`h fhsoufbig) fu }gii fu xkg egrxocoefxg lc fwxkg`xoefxol` l` ~ro`xgh lr kfrh el~ogu lc xkg gigexrlòe hlewag`xu lrgigexrlòe hfxf aguufmgu by gigexrlòe `lxfrogu) ugrsoeg ~rlsohgru f`h lxkgr hwiy rgelmòzgh lr f~~lo`xgh egrxocoefxol` fwxklroxogu.

Xkg ~grul` uggdo`m xl o`xrlhweg f` gigexrlòe hfxf aguufmg lr gigexrlòe hlewag`x o` f`y igmfi ~rleggho`m kfu xkg bwrhg` lc

~rlso`m oxu fwxkg`xoeoxy by gsohgèg ef~fbig lc uw~~lrxo`m f co`ho`m xkfx xkg gigexrlòe hfxf aguufmg lr gigexrlòe hlewag`x ou }kfx

xkg ~grul` eifoau ox xl bg.

fu }gii fu xkg rwigu ~rlawimfxgh by


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xkg Uw~rgag Elwrx ~wruwf`x xkgrgxl) lr F.A. @L. >6=>6UE. Rg: Rwigu L`

Gigexrlòe Gsohgèg.6?;

G. Rgaghogu67?. ]kfx ouuwgu afy bg rfough hwro`m xkg elùliohfxol`,ef`sfuu. ]kfx ouuwgu afy l il`mgr bg rfough hwro`m xkg elùliohfxol`,ef`sfuu) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 274 F.A. @L. >6=>6UE) Rwig 7) Uge.2 uxfxgu:

UGE. 2. Af``gr lc fwxkg`xoefxol`. Bgclrg f`y ~rosfxg gigexrlòe hlewag`x lccgrgh fu fwxkg`xoe ou rgegosgh o` gsohgèg) oxu

fwxkg`xoeoxy awux bg ~rlsgh by f`y lc xkg cliil}o`m agfù:

+f/ by gsohgèg xkfx ox kfh bgg` homoxfiiy uom`gh by xkg ~grul` ~wr~lrxgh xl kfsg uom`gh xkg ufag4+b/ by gsohgèg xkfx lxkgr f~~rl~rofxg ugewroxy ~rleghwrgu lr hgsoegu fu afy bg fwxklrozgh by xkg Uw~rgag Elwrx lr by if} clr

fwxkg`xoefxol` lc gigexrlòe hlewag`xu }grg f~~iogh xl xkg hlewag`x4 lr

+e/ by lxkgr gsohgèg ukl}o`m oxu o`xgmroxy f`h rgiofboioxy xl xkg ufxoucfexol` lc xkg jwhmg.

6??ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>? +5> Afrek 2>6>/) Ugexol` 28.


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FGU 2>6> KF@HBLLD ^fmg =>

636. ]kfx kf~~gù oc xkg ELEu) hwiy egrxocogh by xkg BLE lc gfek ~rlsoèg) eoxy lchouxroex) f~~gfru xl bg oèla~igxg>

632. ]kfx oc f`y ELE lr uw~~lrxo`m ULS by eoxy, awòeo~fioxy lr by ~rgeoèx bgfrugrfuwrgu lr fixgrfxolù6

635. Hl clrafi hgcgexu fil`g l` xkg GRu o` xkgor ~rg~frfxol` f`h hgiosgry clref`sfuuo`m jwuxocy xkgor g{eiwuol`2

Fu il`m fu xkg GRu }koek l` xkgor cfeg f~~gfr rgmwifr f`h }f`xo`m lc f`y ~kyuoefi uomùlc xfa~gro`m) fixgrfxol` lr lxkgr uoaoifr soeg) uwek GRu ef``lx jwux bg w`jwuxocofbiy

g{eiwhgh.

2>5

638. ]kfx frg elùohgrgh clrafi hgcgexu>Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??6/) Ugexol` 5>) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 5=.

2>6Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??6/) Ugexol` 5>) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 5=.

2>2Lefa~l s. ELAGIGE) M.R. @l. 65=8=>) 67 Cgbrwfry 2>>>.

2>5Lefa~l s. ELAGIGE) M.R. @l. 65=8=>) 67 Cgbrwfry 2>>>.


79/125

FGU 2>6> KF@HBLLD ^fmg =6

g. ifed lc uom`fxwrgu lc ~gxoxol`gru- }fxekgru4 f`h ifed lc fwxklroxy lc xkg ~grul`rgegoso`m xkg GRu.

637. Ou xkgrg f` g{eg~xol` xl xkg rwig xkfx GRu }koek l` xkgor cfeg f~~gfr rgmwifr f`h}f`xo`m lc f`y ~kyuoefi uomù lc xfa~gro`m) fixgrfxol` lr lxkgr uoaoifr soeg ef``lx

jwux bg w`jwuxocofbiy g{eiwhgh8

633. ]kg` ou f af`wfi elw`xo`m lc slxgu }frrf`xgh7

63=. Frg xkgrg lxkgr oùxfègu }kgrg f af`wfi elw`x afy bg rgulrxgh xl3

Xkg Elùxoxwxol` mosgu xkg ELAGIGE xkg brlfh ~l}gr "xl

g`clreg f`h fhaoòuxgr fii if}u f`h rgmwifxolù rgifxosg xl xkg el`hwex lc f` gigexol`)

~igboueoxg) oòxofxosg) rgcgrg`hwa f`h rgefii."2>=

O` f`lxkgr oùxfèg) }kgrg xkg elw`xo`m afeko`g fuuom`gh xl xkg awòeo~fioxy f hoh `lx

rgcigex xkg xrwg rguwixu lc xkg slxo`m) o.g. xkg slxgu }grg `lx rgcigexgh o` xkg ~ro`xlwx lc

2>8Rwco`l U. F`xlòl) Jr. s. ELAGIGE) M.R. @l. I563>8) F~roi 6?=>4 Ugg fiul feou s. Elagige) M.R. @l. I2?>23) 2; Ug~xgabgr 6?3;.

2>7Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ;853 +6??=/) Ugexol` 2?) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 28.

2>3Afrwkla s. ELAGIGE) gx fi.) M.R. @l. 65?57=) 7 Afy 2>>>.

2>=Xkg 6?;= koio~~o`g Elùxoxwxol`) Frxoeig O[ +E/) Ugexol` 2+6/.


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xkg GRu uoèg ~gr GRu lc xkgor ~rgeoèxu) xkg ef`hohfxg slxgh clr lbxfo`gh "zgrl") f`h

fcxgr f sgrocoefxol` lc xkg ~ro`xlwx lc ulag GRu fu fmfoùx xkg lccoeofi bfiilxu) ox }fu

houelsgrgh xkfx slxgu efux o` cfslr lc f afylrfixy ef`hohfxg }grg erghoxgh o` cfslr lc

xkg l~~l`g`xu) f af`wfi elw`x lc xkg slxgu }fu fiil}gh.2>;

63;. ]kg` ou xkgrg f cfoiwrg lc gigexol`?

63?. ]kfx hlgu `lx elùxoxwxg cfoiwrg lc gigexolù

2>;

Ill`m s. ELAGIGE) M.R. @l. 6553=3) 68 F~r oi 6???.2>?

Bfxfu fabfùf Bim. ;;6 +6?;7/) Ugexol` 3.26>

Blrjf s. ELAGIGE) M.R. @l. 62>68>) 26 Fwmwux 6??3.


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6=>. ]kfx afy bg hl`g o` oùxfègu }kgrg xkgrg ou f cfoiwrg lc gigexol`/ hfyu fcxgr xkg

eguufxol` lc xkg efwug lc uwek ~lux~l`gag`x lr uwu~gùol` lc xkg gigexol` lr cfoiwrg xlgigex.

266

6=6. ]kl kfu xkg ~l}gr xl hgeifrg f cfoiwrg lc gigexol`>;.

263Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??6/) Ugexol` 2>.


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f. F`y ef`hohfxg) ~lioxoefi ~frxy lr elfioxol` lc ~lioxoefi ~frxogu el`xguxo`m xkgoèiwuol` lr g{eiwuol` o` xkg ef`sfuu lc f`y GRu l` f`y lc xkg mrlw`hu

fwxklrozgh w`hgr Frxoeig [[ lr Ugexolù 258) 257 f`h 253 lc Frxoeig [O[ lc B^

Bim. ;;6 ukfii uwbaox xkgor lrfi lbjgexol` xl xkg BLE Ekforaf` fx xkg xoag xkg

vwguxol`gh rgxwr` ou ~rgug`xgh clr oèiwuol` o` xkg ef`sfuu. Uwek lbjgexol` ukfii

bg rgelrhgh o` xkg ao`wxgu lc xkg ef`sfuu.

b. W~l` rgego~xu lc f`y uwek lbjgexol`) xkg BLE ukfii fwxlafxoefiiy hgcgr xkgef`sfuu lc xkg el`xguxgh rgxwrù f`h ukfii ~rleggh xl ef`sfuu xkg rgxwrù

}koek frg `lx el`xguxgh by f`y ~frxy.

e. Uoawixf`glwu }oxk xkg lrfi lbjgexol`) xkg lbjgexo`m ~frxy ukfii fiul g`xgr koulbjgexol` o` xkg clra clr }roxxg` lbjgexolù xl bg ~rguerobgh by xkg ELAGIGE.

]oxko` x}g`xyclwr +28/ klwru crla f`h fcxgr xkg ~rgug`xfxol` lc uwek f`

lbjgexol`) xkg lbjgexo`m ~frxy ukfii uwbaox xkg gsohgèg o` uw~~lrx lc xkg

lbjgexol`) }koek ukfii bg fxxfekgh xl xkg clra clr }roxxg` lbjgexolù. ]oxko`

xkg ufag ~grolh lc x}g`xyclwr +28/ klwru fcxgr ~rgug`xfxol` lc xkg lbjgexol`)

f`y ~frxy afy coig f }roxxg` f`h sgrocogh l~~luoxol` xl xkg lbjgexol` o` xkg clra

fiul xl bg ~rguerobgh by xkg ELAGIGE) fxxfeko`m xkgrgxl uw~~lrxo`m gsohgèg)

oc f`y. Xkg BLE ukfii `lx g`xgrxfo` f`y lbjgexol` lr l~~luoxol` wìguu rghwegh

xl }roxo`m o` xkg ~rguerobgh clrau. Xkg gsohgèg fxxfekgh xl xkg lbjgexol` lr

l~~luoxol`) uwbaoxxgh by xkg ~frxogu) ukfii bg oaaghofxgiy f`h clrafiiy

fhaoxxgh o`xl xkg rgelrhu lc xkg BLE by xkg ekforaf` fcco{o`m kou uom`fxwrg fx

xkg bfed lc gfek gsgry ~fmg xkgrglc.

h. W~l` rgego~x lc xkg gsohgèg) xkg BLE ukfii dgg~ w~ xkg el`xguxgh rgxwrù)elùohgr xkg }roxxg` lbjgexolù xkgrgxl f`h l~~luoxol`) oc f`y) f`h uwaafroiy

f`h oaaghofxgiy rwigu xkgrgl`. Xkg BLE ukfii g`xgr oxu rwio`m l` xkg ~rguerobgh

clra f`h fwxkg`xoefxg xkg ufag by xkg uom`fxwrgu lc oxu agabgru.

g. F`y ~frx fhsgrugiy fccgexgh by xkg rwio`m lc xkg BLE ukfii oaaghofxgiy o`clraxkg BLE oc kg o`xg`hu xl f~~gfi ufoh rwio`m. Xkg BLE ukfii g`xgr ufoh

o`clrafxol` o` xkg ao`wxgu lc xkg ef`sfuu) ugx fuohg xkg rgxwrù f`h ~rleggh xl

elùohgr xkg lxkgr rgxwrù.

c. Fcxgr fii xkg wèl`xguxgh rgxwrù kfsg bgg` ef`sfuugh f`h xkg el`xguxghrgxwr` rwigh w~l` by ox) xkg BLE ukfii uwu~g`h xkg ef`sfuu. ]oxko` clrxygomkx

+8;/ klwru) xkgrgcrla) f`y ~frxy fhsgrugiy fccgexgh by xkg rwio`m afy coig }oxk

xkg BLE f }roxxg` f`h sgrocogh `lxoeg lc f~~gfi4 f`h }oxko` f` o`g{xg`hobig

~grolh lc cosg +7/ hfyu xkgrgfcxgr f` f~~gfi afy bg xfdg` xl xkg ELAGIGE.

m. Oaaghofxgiy w~l` rgego~x lc xkg `lxoeg lc f~~gfi) xkg BLE ukfii afdg f`f~~rl~rofxg rg~lrx xl xkg ELAGIGE) gigsfxo`m xkgrg}oxk xkg ela~igxg rgelrhu


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f`h gsohgèg uwbaoxxgh o` xkg ef`sfuu) f`h cwròuko`m xkg ~frxogu }oxk el~ogu

lc xkg rg~lrx.

k. L` xkg bfuou lc xkg rgelrh f`h gsohgèg gigsfxg xl ox by xkg BLE) xkgELAGIGE ukfii hgeohg uwaafroiy xkg f~~gfi }oxko` ugsg` +=/ hfyu crla rgego~x

lc ufoh rgelrh f`h gsohgèg. F`y f~~gfi brlwmkx bgclrg xkg ELAGIGE l` xkgrwio`m lc xkg BLE) }oxklwx xkg feela~ioukgh clrau f`h xkg gsohgèg f~~g`hgh

xkgrgxl) ukfii bg uwaafroiy houaouugh.

o. Xkg hgeouol` lc xkg ELAGIGE ukfii bg g{gewxlry fcxgr xkg if~ug lc ugsg` +=/hfyu crla rgego~xu xkgrglc by xkg iluo`m ~frxy.

j. Xkg BLE ukfii `lx ~rleifoa f`y ef`hohfxg fu }o``gr wìguu fwxklrozgh by xkgELAGIGE fcxgr xkg ifxxgr kfu rwigh l` xkg lbjgex brlwmkx xl ox l` f~~gfi by

xkg iluo`m ~frxy. F`y ~rleifafxol` afhg o` solifxol` kgrglc ukfii bg sloh fb

oòxol) wìguu xkg el`xguxgh rgxwrù }oii `lx fhsgrugiy fccgex xkg rguwixu lc xkg

gigexol`.

d. F`y lbjgexol` l` xkg GRu bgclrg xkg eoxy lr ABLE) lr l` xkg awòeo~fi ELEubgclrg xkg ^BLE lr houxroex BLE o` Agxrl Afòif Frgf) ukfii bg u~geocoefiiy

`lxoegh o` xkg ao`wxgu lc xkgor rgu~gexosg ~rleggho`mu."26=

6=7. ]kfx ef` f` o`xgrguxgh ~frxy hl xl el`xgux afxxgru fccgexo`m xkg BLEela~luoxol` lr ~rleggho`mu=/) Ugexol` 5;.

26;Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??6/) Ugexol` 67) fu fag`hgh by Rg~wbioe Fex @l. ?53? +2>>=/) Ugexol` 5;.

26?Rg~wbioe Fex @l. =633 +6??6/) Ugexol` 6?.


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oafmg) ukfii bg mwoixy lc f` gigexol` lccgùg f`h ukfii bg ~g`fiozgh o` feelrhfèg }oxk

xkg Laòbwu Gigexol` Elhg.22>

6==. Afy o`xgrguxgh ~frxogu bro`m xkg vwguxol` lc }kgxkgr lr `lx xkgrg kfh bgg`xgrrlroua) slxg bwyo`m f`h lxkgr orrgmwifroxogu o` xkg gigexol` bgclrg xkg BLE lr

xkg ELAGIGE o` f ~rg~rleifafxol` efug


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FGU 2>6> KF@HBLLD ^fmg ==

[. ^RG^RLEIFAFXOL@ EL@XRLSGRUOGU

6=;. ]kfx frg ~rg~rleifafxol` el`xrlsgruogu6>/) ^frx OO) Rwig 8) Ugexol` 3.

228ELAGIGE Rguliwxol` @l. ;;>8 +22 Afrek 2>6>/) ^frx OO) Rwig 5) Ugexol` 6) }koek gioao`fxgu xkg cliil}o`m mrlw`hu w`hgr Bfxfu

^fabf`uf Bim. ;;

Handbook on Automated Elections, Canvassing and General Election Monitoring (U.P. Law Center, PPCRV)

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Transcript of Handbook on Automated Elections, Canvassing and General Election Monitoring (U.P. Law Center, PPCRV)