'3i l:c ~ --CJ

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E>~I HQC NGON NGU VAN HOA BAC KINH

T~P I· QUYEN TH11qNG

TRAN THJ THANH LIEM Bien djch

\§El NHA xuAr BAN f>J!ll Hc;>c sll PHJ!IM

Ban biCn d\ch:

TRAN THi THANH LIEM (Chu bienl DINH DUC D,;M . VO TH! H6NG LIEN

DINH TH! THANH NGA· NGO PHUONG

TRAN DUC THANG - TRUONG L~ THI - HOANG TRA

GIAO TRiNH HAN NGO' a m ti a

m-m <J:) T~P 1 • QUYEN THU<;JNG

0

' ~· ~ NHA XUAT BAN D4J HQC SU' P1i4M

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'1l lii'l, 't*'t*flllii~r ~ Ill ' ~ ll!I fliil' 'l! r.s 1i!i !):, 1999 'I'S JHll l Ji& 2002 '!'9 J'lli!6 !\:f!Jlii~

:If *' 787**x1092 ** 1/16 fjlj!<, 9. 5 lill* l '¥ 11:, 145 'f''f' 1'Jllt, 29001 - 39000 M 4l %, ISBN 7 -5619 -0745 -1/H · 9950

)1' ffr' 19. 00 Ji;

:Jtfrll!IE\!.Ji'i; 010-82303651 82303591

i'jlf;, 010 -82303081

E-mail: fxh@ blcu. edu. en

GIAO TRiNH HAN NGfr am a a

DU:QC bien d!ch va SO?ll bcl sung tU bQ

HAN NGii' GIAO TRiNH do Dudng KY Chau chll bien, Nha xua't bitn D~i hqc N g6n ngU van h6a B~c Kinh

a"n h:lnh nam 2002

LOINOIDAU

Ditp Ung nhu ciiu clla d6ng diio hQc vien, sinh vien h9c tie'ng Han, Nhtl xu&t biin Dq.i hqc Su phq.m tr§.n tr9ng gidi thi~u bl) GIAO TRiNH HAN NGU hi¢n d?i do nha nghien cUu, nhil giito, Th~c sl Trfl.n Thj Thanh Liem cllng cac cQng s\f cUa ba bien <l!ch.

Day Ia bQ gi§.o trinh giilng dq.y t6'ng hqp, th6ng qua vi~c giang d~:y tren ldp, gilip h9c vien niim vUng to<ln bQ kie'n thUc ve ngU §.m, ngU phii.p va tll v"l,tng, n3ng cao ky n:1ng nghe, n6i, d9c, vi€t va kh8. nang giao tie'p cd b:in clla h9c vien.

Hy v9ng GIAO TRiNH HAN NGO' hi¢n d~i se la t3i li¢u h9c t$-p thie't th\ic, hllu ich kh6ng nhUng dOi vdi sinh vi€n h9c tie'ng Hiln d cite tru'dng chuyen ngU ma cOn Ia b{> silch gi<io khoa hUu ich dOi vdi cac bc.in tre dang t\t h9c, tim hi~u va nghi&n cUu tie'ng ph6' th6ng Trung QuOc.

NXB D1)J HOC SU PHl).M

IY

LOI GIOI THIJl;U

1. BQ GIAO TRiNH HAN NGO' nUy dlio:.Jc bien dtch va so<;in bci sung dt;.ta tren cd s6

clla b9 gi&o khoa HAN NGO' GlAO TRINH do Du'dng KY Chau chU bi€n va cac chuyen

gia cUa tru:Clng D;;t1 h9c Ng6n ngll, Van h6a Bfic Kinh bien soi;in.

2. Gi&o trinh g6m ba t~p (s8.u cu6n)

TU b8.i 1 de'n bB.i 10 18. giai do;;tn d;;ty ngU am, t$p trung tie'n hB.nh gi3.ng dl,ly v8.

luy¢n t*p ngii: am Cd biln clla tie'ng Han. TU bai 11 de'n b8.i 60 th6ng qua nhUng b8.i h91

tho:;u th6ng d\lng, tie'n h8.nh gi3.ng <l?Y ke't ca'u ngii: ph8.p, ngii: nghla v3. ngii': dvng. TU

bB.i 61 de'n b3.i 100 13. giai do~n gifi.ng d;;ty ngU do;;tn, th6ng qua st;! hi~u bie't sfiu hdn v€

ngU ph8.p va v$,n d1,1ng tU ngU, d~ nclng cao hdn nlla khii n3.ng bi~u d<:it th3nh do1,1n van

clla h9c vi€n. ~1\1c dich chinh clia vi$c bi€n so:;i.n giilo trinh n3.y 18. la'y c8.c ye'u tO ng6n ngU nhtl

ngii'. am. ngll ph8.p. tU ngU. chG Han v.v ... lam cd sd, th6ng qua vi¢c giang d<.tY tr€n }Op.

luy¢n t-0.p c<ic ky nang nghe, n61, dQc. vie'"t cho h9c vien, b6i dtidng kh3 nilng dUng

t18ng Han trong giao ti8p ci.la h9c vien. M6i b8.i clia gi8.o trinh nay g6m bai dqc, tU 1n6i.

chU thich ngU ph8.p, ngG 8.m, bai t:;tp va t~p vi8t chG Han.

GIAO 'rRiNH HAN NGU c6 3300 tU mOi. Phfin b3.1 dQc ho<}c nc?i dung dam tho~i

c6 quan h¢ chU diem d6ng nha"t v6i b3.i luy¢n dqc trong phil.n bai t~p, tr€n cd sd cUa

bi"tng tU m6i cU.a tUng b3.i. ChU di~m b3.i dqc bao g6m nhi€u m<}t trong ddi sOng h3.ng

ng8.y, d6ng thdi gidi thi¢u nhU:ng kie'n thUc ve dtlt nude va con ngudi Trung Qu6'c nh.§.m

tang ctidng si,l hieu bi€t th6ng thtidng dOi v6i da't nll'.Oc Trung Hoa.

3. Gilio trinh bi€n so?n theo hti6ng m&u cau de tri,lc tie'p di vao th\,lc hanh giao

tie'p, nhting cling giOi thi¢u khB.i qu3.t ca'u trU.c ngG ph8.p clla tie'ng H8.n hi¢n di;i.i. C8.c

philn chU thich trong bB.i n6i r6 nhU:ng kie'n thUc v€ ng6n ngU va bOi cii.nh van h6a

Trung Hoa.

4. Phii.n bai t:;tp clla gi0.o trinh nay cht.i Y ren luy¢n c8.c ky nang giao tie'p. m6

phOng va b6i duang tri nh6 cho sinh vien.

5. Hoan thdnh kh6a trinh nay c3n khoiing 600 tie'"t h9c. H9c vien c6 the tie'n hii.nh

h01 tho<;li th6ng thtidng. va di,la vao tU dien. c6 the dqc hieu nhii:ng bai van th6ng

thtidng. 6. D@ gillp h9c vien tie"p xU.c v6i am di$u, ngii: di$u chu<fn x:ic, am s.ic d~p cUa

tie'ng Trung QuOc hi¢n d<_li, ben C<_lnh giB.o trinh con c6 m(lt b(l bang ghi am do cac

chuyen g1a nOi tie'ng, giau kinh nghi¢m th\,lc tien cUa Trung Qu6c dqc chu~n xt'i.c.

d1en cii.rn ccl.c philn luy¢n t~p, b3.i dQc va d.in dqc cac tU mOi.

7. Do thdi gian bien djch qu3. ga'p, vi$c bien <lich va b6' sung kh6ng tr&nh kh61 c6

nhii:ng sai s6t. ra"t mong du'.<;ic d6ng nghi~p va h9c vien, sinh vi€n g6p y b6 sung de b9

CIAO TRiNH HAN NGO' hi!?n di;i.i nay c6 the d&p Ung dll'.<;J"c nhu ciiu cii.a ngudi h9c.

Ha N(li. 20-9-2003

TfM nh6m bi€n djch

Thlilc si TRAN 'l'Hl THANH LIEM

Gi3.ng vien chinh D~i h<;ic Ngo~i ngU Ha NQi

Abbreviations I. BANG VIET TAT TU LO,µ TIENG HAN

I. 11 jji] (;!I) mfngef noun (Danh tU) Danh tU 2. fl: jji] (fl:) dOief pronoun (Di;ti tU) D:;ii tU 3 . ;;/) jji] ( ;;/) ) dong er verb (DQng tit) DQng tit

'*! -frjji] IThecr clutch verb (Ly hem tu) Tu ly hqp 4 . rm !!! ;;JJ jji] c rm!!! ) nengyuCn dOngcf optative verb (Nang nguy~n dQng tU)

DQng tU ni'ing nguy~n 5. m3-tRJ (JI>) xingr6ngcl adjective (Hinh dung tit)

Hinh dung tU 6. fl:jji] (fl:) shUci numeral (86 tU) S6 tu 7 .• jji] (:It) liOngef quantifier (Luqng til) Ludng tu 8. -~ jji] (110 fuer adverb (Ph6 tiJ) Ph6 tlt 9. fr jji] (fr) jieer preposition (Gi<l:i tii) Gi& tit

IO. J! jji] (J!) liancl conjunction (Lien tU) Lien tU 11. JllJ jji] ( JllJ ) zhUcf particl~ \fr<! tit) Trq tu

i;IJ ~ JllJ jji] dongtOi zhuer aspect particle (DQng thai tU)

Trq tit dQng thai <Ii ~ JllJ 1"l jiegou zhuer structural particle (Ke't ca'u tn;t tU)

Trq tU ke't ca'u

iii' "' JllJ 1"l yOql zhuel modal particle (Ngil khi trq tu)

Trq tit ngll khi 12. ll,!l i'ij ( 0)() tOncl interjection (Than tU) Than tu

13 . $< "' jji] ( $<"') xiOngst-1engci onomatopoeia (TucJng thanh tu)

Tu tl1Qng thanh 14. i"l"' ("') cft6u prefix (TU dfiu) Tign t6

(Tie'p dfit1 ngU) 15 . i"l 11\ (II\) cfwe:li suffix (Tu Vi) H~u t6

(Tigp Vi ngil)

VI

l. _t l!f 2. _till' 3 . .lfl'I' 4. ll~

5. i'l:~

6. 1],j!i

7. Tli11 r. Till' 9. %9<

10. 1!i jjjj 11. j!i !!<

12. "'"" 13. -!!):

=,6t~~§'ll! II. so DO co QUAN PRAT AM

'.!tfi-ilt'll Speech Organ•

Cd quan ph8.t run

• 10

shangchun Uppe< Lip (thU:Qngthfin)

shangchT Upper Teeth (thuqng xl)

ydchuOng Teethridge (nha sang)

ylng' e Hard Palate ( ngiµili ng~c)

ruOn 'e Soft Palate (nhuy~n ng\l-C)

xiOoshe Uvula ( ti~u thi~t)

xiOchUn Lower Lip (h~ thlin)

xiachT Lower Teeth (h~ xl)

sh9jiOn Tip of the Tongue ( thi~t tiem)

sh9mi0n Blade of the Tongue ( thi~t di~n)

shegen Back of the Tongue ( thi~t can)

shengdai Vocal Cords ( tl1anh ddi)

blqiang Nasal Cavity (ty xoang)

mOi tren

riing tren

ldi

ng\l-C cU:ng •' ng:;icmem

luai con

m6i du:Oi

rang du&

d§.u luili

m?t Juai

g& Iu:ai, cuOng luili day thanh

khoang miii

VII

=, '\.l~ ffi ~ Classroom Chinese III. TU NGU sit Dl}NG TREN LOP

cttri!ii!IHJtJIHlt A- TU NGU G!AO VIEN SU DlJNG TREN L6P

I. fa] ""' 111 !If ! J!,\\:l'E __t_ 1* o T6ngxuemen hao! Xianzai shang ke. Hello, everyone! Now the class begins. Xin ch8.o cac em~ Bay giO chling ta blit diiu bB.i hoc .

2_ iltwm.:i& 1 Oing ken heiban ! Please look at the blackboard. Cac em hay nhin l€n biing!

3. ilf PJT~:&'l'f ! Qlng tTng wo ta yTn ! Please listen to my pronunciation! (Hiiy) nghe t6i ph8.t 8.m!

4 . llJf ~ i.ll. 0

nng wo shuo. Please listen to me . Nghe t6i n6i.

5 . JI[< ~ i!I, 0

Gen wo shuo. Say after me . N6i theo t6i.

6. JI[< ~w; 0

Gen wo du. Read after me . D9c theo t6i.

7. 11[<~1'0 Gen wo xie. Write after me. Vie't theo t6i.

8. N llJf -i!!i o

Zai tTng yr bian. Lsten to it again . Nghe l~i Ian naa.

9. Nw;-il!io

VIII

Zai du yr bian . Read it again. D9c li;i.i li'in nU:a.

10. Ni5t-:i!li o

Zai shuo yf bian . Say it ~n. N6i li;ii lfln nU:a.

11. ¥}. '."if - :i!1i 0

Zai xie yr bian. Write it again. Vie't l~i liin nUa.

12 . Jl1'. ;(E PJT '."if 0

Xianzai tTngxie. Now the dictation. Bay gid blit dliu nghe vie't.

13. il'l'T:Jf4',llllilJm_:vi:o Oing d6 koi sho, fan dao dl __ ye. Please open your books , and tum to page _. Hay mO s:ich, trang ..... .

14. ~ill!: ::iC , ~ :kJli Mill; o

Du kewen, yao dasheng langdu. Read the text, and read it aloud . D9c b3-i dQc, phli dqc to va rO rftng.

15. 1ffiiJmllfiil~o You went! qTng wen wo. If you have questions , please ask . C6 viln dg gi c6 th~ hOi t6i.

16 . ll1'. ti: 1JJ 'ii tF !Ir 0

Xianzai buzhl zuoye. Now the assignment (for today) . Bay gid t6i ra b:ii t~p.

17. ffi3J~1':~1;iii],~i'<~i'<Eifo Yuxf xTn ke de shengcf, yao hul du hul xie. Preview the new words of the new lesson, and you should be able to pro­

nounce and write them . Phiii bi€t dqc v8. vie't nhUng tit mOi chua.n bi cha bai mOi.

18. ilti--ri!$;/tl'l!Jo OTng ken yfxia yufo/zhushl. Please look at the grammar/ notes . Hay xem qua ngll phiip I chU thich.

19. ilIBf'F!ir32:~~ o

OTng ba zuoye jioo gei wo. Please hand in your homework (to me) .

Df nghi nQp bai ti}p cha t6i. IX

20. riJl!o Xia ke. Class is over . Tan h9c.

C~1:.ill!itJ!Hlf B. TU NGU HQC SINH SU D(JNG TREN LOP

I. ~ l}iJi :Rt ! LaoshT hao! Hello , teacher . Xin chao thliy!

2. li!&.ltt-,1':\JLo QTng nfn man yldianr. Please speak a little slowly. Xin th3.y (c6) n6i ch~m mQt chllt.

3 . ffl !&.; :pf ill, - ;e: ' QTng nfn zai shuo yf bian . Please say it again. Xin th3.y (c6) n6i l~i liin nUa.

4. jff&.;11}~-;e: 0

QTng nfn zai nian yf bian. Please read it one more time . Xin th3.y (cO) d9c 11,li 13.n nUa.

5 . i! 1-'°¥ I ieJ :,i; -Z. ]ti; ? Zhe ge zl/cf zenme du? How do you pronounce this character/word? ChU I tU n3.y d9c nhu the' nit.a?

6. i! 1-iel :!! 1t z,. ;f: ,\Jl, ? Zhe ge cf shl shenme ylsi? What does this word mean? TU nay c6 y ngh1a gi?

1. ~mi¥1"······"& m~-z. ill.?

x

YfngyO de"······"HanyO zenrne £huo? What ' s the Chinese for ? TU" ....... " trong tiling Anh, tie'ng Han n6i nhu the' n3.o?

8 . <¥ * 1¥1 fl' !II'. :!! 1t z,. ? Jintion de zuoye shl shenme? What's the homework for today? Bai t~p hOm nay la gl?

9. :15lflli .~~T .~ftlll:.~. LaoshT, wo blng le , bu neng shong ke . I' m sorry , teacher . I am ill . I cannot come to the class .

I' m sorry , teacher. I was ill. I couldn' t come to the class .

Thu'.a thiiy (cO), em (bi) Om, em khOng th~ len ldp du'.Qc.

1 o. X'f ~ Jt!l , '!JG :llS jiJ T • Dul bu ql, wo chldoo le. Sorry ,I'm late. Xin 16i, em de'n muQn.

11. WW :15 lflli ! Xiexie laoshT! Thank you, teacher! cam dn thiiy!

12. fl}~! Zaijian ! Goodbye! T;;i.m bi~t!

XI

13 ~ Ml,JC Ll)C

!II - ill! Le"on I ~ if ...................................................... (I) BAI 1 Xin chito

-,\il!x ft-M-= ,'£ jjij ~,ilfll' (-)J'filt b p m f d t n I g k h <=>fl-BJ: a o e i u o ai ei ao ou (-)!llll'

( l!ll ) )Ir ill! l!ll ' !£ liJ ( - ) !JI. ilf if 11' li'J If! Jilt

( = ) :Jt ll' 'Ji ll! (:co)~ ... !;!e.~tl ( l!ll ) )Ir jjlJ

( li ) 'Ji ll!I ( "' ) ll' 11' flI !JI. 'i'

li '!!; .lJ !II = ill! Le"on 2 Ill ilf '!' :4; lfl! " " · " " " " " .. · · " " " " " .... · .. " · "· " " " (12)

XII

BAI 2 Tie'ng Hitn khOng khO ll'im - ' \ii! x !JI. iii Of' ::t ll! = ,'£ jjij - ,ilf'll' (-)fl!J"' an en ang eng ong

<=>!llif l!Jl ,!flif (-)an <Pli'J a ~il'[a],ang <Pli'J a ~f!;[a]o

<=>~)Ir ( .co ) "' =)Ir

jft° =. ill! Lesson 3

BAI 3

ill ltt ...................................................... (19) Citmctn

-,ill!x (-)ill\!! ( = ) l!ll 7C fil

= ''£ jjij :c:,i!!ll' (-))!iii q x

<=)fl-BJ: l ia ie iao iou(-iu) ian in iong ing iong o Ue Oan on (-)!llif

i'!I ' lt "' ( - ) llt ii- 'l!f 11! ( = ) 4! '.!0 J;ll. JllJ ( .=: ) • 01' .. B'J '!!: i)\J

li '!f. "3 ll! ll!I i111 Le""" 4 ~t.IJ!llJL ......... ··· .................................... ··· (27)

BAI 4 B~n di d8.u da'y?

-,l!l!X %~PllJL

=,c<tiliJ .=':jliif (-)JS£> z c s

<=)Jl!Jiilo -i[ 1] er ua ua uai uei(ui) uan uen(un)

uang ueng (.=:)!!lit

i'!I ' lt "' ( - ) llt if 'l'l ®! <=l!l!l£lo-i[ 1 J

li ,!f. "3

( ~-) "er .. '11JL1t Jl!J ( i'!I ) l'lli ii- "' ,,.

lf< :Ii illl Le"on 5 i!Ji!:ft~~ ··· ············ ··· ·················· ········· ··· (35)

BAI 5 D8.y 13. quy~n sitch gi?

- , l!l!X i!Rdt 1" 4l

= ,!t iliJ .=':,iliif(-)jS£> zh ch sh r

<=l!l!lll> -i[ 1 J ( .=: ) !JI 'Ii

i'!I ' lt "' ( - ) llt lf 'l'l ®! <=lflll£lo-i[ 1 J

lf< 1' illl Le>wn 6 :!i[ >.J - · · · • · • · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · • · · · · · • · • · • · · • • · · • • • · · · • · • · · · · • • ( 44)

BAI 6 Day lil thiiy giao Vtidng

- , l!I! X i! JI; I'1!: !/iii = _,._ iliJ .=: '!f. "3

lf< -!:: illl Le» on 7

BAI 7

ft"!'>.) lil ill .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 49)

TOi h9c tie'ng Han

- ' l!I! x ~ *' >) Ill iii = ,c<t iliJ .=': , lt W ( - ) <I' Jlil A B'J !tlAI

<=l:!lttt i'!I ' ili lr iliJ ]j; lf ( 1 )

XIII

li ,!)!;"J

lll A ill! Le"on 8 !tlatft~ ..................... "···················"··· .. ·· (56) BAI s B~n 8.n clii gi? -,lll!::t f*pZ;ft~ =. ,'t jiiJ ='· 'tt "' .. - .. e<J 11; II!! J!ll,!)j; "3

lll 1L ill! Le"on 9 1/'Jl-JT~1>U ·········································· (63) BAI 9 MQt ciin tilo bao nhiCu ti~n? - ,lll!::t 'l!=J!<-ffi!:P~ =. ,'t jjjj co ' tt "' ...... Pl'l fill ' ill'lr jiiJ :!Ii it ( 2) li J/f. "3

lll + ii le'5on IO ftlf!A.ll';ifi ····················· ··· ······ ······ ········· (68) BAI 10 T&i dbi ti~n nhan diin t~ - , ill! ::t ft l!I< A I.\\ lfi = ,'t jjjj = ,tt'f ( -)Jt't JJ'll!

(:::)iit~-~JLo fill .iltll' :=' 1' - )'f;" e<J ~I! li '!f. "3

lll+-il Le""" 11 f!l!ft'lllJL ··· ··· ··· ··· ····················· ··· ········· ··· (75) BAI 11 Ong 8y dang sOng d d8.u? - ,lll!::t fl!!fi'OJl!JL =. ,'t jiiJ cc. ,tt'f (-)JWfiiJ

XIV

( =. ) fl!! :ff ;i( '!.\! 0

< =->m (fill)"o"

fill ' ill I! ( - ) !J( ill li.J -r e<J ili Ji' ( =. ) illJ jjlJ ill ili -!;] ( :=') ~i!;e<J ~I!

ll.>J= ................................................... (82) BAI 12 B~n cO khoe khOng? - ,ill!::t (-)11.\~U:M"'

( =.)ttll< !ll lg = ,'t jjjj :c" , tt'f M ><.'!' .!l!. T" fill ' !f. "3

lli+.=iill I.e .... 13 fiflllll!:fll~§; ....................................... (88)

BAI 13 ChU.ng tOi d~u 13. lu'u hoc sinh

- , ill! x ( - ) '!!! In tll Rdi 'l' 'E ( ::. ) ~ 11!. :I! <\' ll!I A Ill! ( co ) i! lil JI; l'3 lit ll!

::. ''E iill =:,tt"' lll.%1t!!!l-l' JL Im , ili /I< ( - ) {!; 1'. fPJ ( 1 ) ,- · · · · · Ill! ?

(::.)~$

(=:)llllliill"11!. "'!ll"tll" li,i!iif (-)'"Jll!:if(l)

(::.)ili>'l!(l)

lll+l!!lil 1.es,.n 14 i<l'E'lliJL~~ ······ ····················· ··· ··· ········· (99l

BAI 14 B~n h9c d d3.u?

-,ill!X (-)~tE!llJL"'l':>J

< ::. > ft- fn tr<J 't; 9i1i ~ii> ::. ''E iill co ' iii II< ( - ) ;:!: a. fPl ( 2) dlt fiij ~ iill

( ::. ) )E ilf '111 !i'i ~ l!IJ iill '' tr<J ..

(co )1tiill "tE" 'Ill" !It" l!!l ,i!iif (-)1"1i:if(2)

(::.)i!il'llJ(2)

li ,!* :>J

lli+liill l.es•on 15 i!'l-lli'f-11llli: .......................................... (110)

BAI 15 Cai va li nity rftt n~ng

-,ill!x c->i!1'1ftr11:1:.

::. ''E iill =: ,tt111\

Im 'iii!!

( ::. ) i! JI; ;f JI; <\' ~

i!Ro-@~ 0

' ( - ) ~ 11' iill ii! lit "" ( ::. ) :i: a. fiil ( 3) ' iE lit fiij "" ( =: ) .. tr<J " '¥ iill !!! (-)liiJ]i:.tl-(3) (::.)il!>'IJ(3)

i•Jil::ilt ... . .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... . .. .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ( 122)

BANG TU VI/NG

YV

B() THU

INET 12 /\..(•!) Bat {: 26 Tiet I - Nha'.t 13 n Quynh

2 I C6n 14 ~ Mat 27 T Han (xtilng)

3 ' Chu 15 ' I Bang 28 /,., Tu 4 ) Phi¢t 16 JL Ky 29 5l Ht!U 5 (., K

17 Kham 30 }-.. Diin Al w 6 J Khu yet

18 { 7] 3NET

Dao 2NET 1J 31 Khil'.u 0

7 - Nhj 19 f] Lt!C 32 [J Vi -8 ~ Dilu 20 ~ Bao 33 _±_ Th6

{ A. 21 t. Ty 34 ± Si 9 Nhan 1 22 c. Phuong 35 t Truy

10 JL Nhi 23 -c He 36 ~ Tuy

II A.. Nh~p 24 -t- Th~p 37 7 Tjch

25 r c 1- ) B6c 38 :k Dai

39 * ~

XVI

40 -=f(.:f) Tu 4NET 81 ~t Ty

41 r- {Mien· { •(; 82 -t Mao

(mai nha) 61 Tam

42 -1- Th6n ·t ,J- 83 ~ Thi

43 .],(•!') Ti~u 62 ~ Qua 84 ~ Khf I..

44 ;t, Ul'.\ng 63 I' H¢ 85 {

:t}<.

45 I' Thi 64 { +

Thuy i

46 if' Tri¢t .t Thu { )(

47 ~ Son 65 ~ Chi 86 ,, ... Hoa

48 ((( Xu yen 66 {

l Ph6c 87 { ~ Trao

49 _L CCmg t

50 c.. Ky 67 7-:.. Van 88 x.. Ph11

' 51 rp Cm 68 + Dau 89 5t. Hao

52 f- Can 69 IT cm 90 7l ( ~ l Tuang

53 ~ Yeu 70 -}j Phucmg 91 Yi Phi en

54 r Nghiem 71 :K. Vuu (VO) 92 :1- Nha (quang)

55 -It Cung 72 El Nh~t

93{i4

!1: Nguu

56 -\ Due 73 a Viet

57 '1 Cung 74 fl Nguy¢t 94 { ; Khuye'n

"" 75 ~ M¢c

58 . ,.. Ki 76 ~ Khiem 5NET

Jt_ 77 J:_ Chi 95 -f:: Hu yen

59 "' Sam 78 y Dai { .£ 7 96 Ng9c

60 1 Xich 79 9: Thu '£ (nhan kep)

80 -fjJ:: (-flt) Vil 97 ~ Qua

98 A. Ngoa 119 * M~ { !'t 99 -ti- Cam 120{~~&;) 140 ,. Thao

Mich 100 1:. Sinh 141 !E Ho ... 101 If] D\lng 121 {£;- Phi!u 102 lI1 Dien 1#]

142 !R Trung (huy)

122 { 103 ;z That (Sal fl. Vong 143 .m Hu yet 104 rN~ch(tJ\lnh) r<J 144

,_ Hanh 1T

105 !'<. Bat 123 { -¥-

145{ ~ Dtrang y 106 {;J Bach I~ 107 ;t Bl 124 ;'.jj:j Vii

146-k \17 A 108 .Bil. Manh 125 ~ Lao (db)

CMinh) 126 ifQ Nhi 7NET

109 { ~ 127 * Lili 147 JL (YI..) Ki en M\lc 128 .lf Nhl 148 ~ Giac 110 f- Mau 129 $-ct> Duii-t 149 t. ( i ) Ngan 111 ~ Thi 130 ~(fl) Nh\lC ISO ~ Coe 112 .-b Th~ch 131 & Th An 151 1i. Dii-u

I !3 {; 132 m Tu 152 ¥. Thi Thj 133 £ Chi 153 ~ Tri

(Triii) 114 /±j N:1u11 134 s ecru 154 ~ (Pl) B6i 115 * Hoa 135 % Titi~t 155 .ff; Xi ch 116 ..... ,, Huy¢t 136 ?t Suy~n 156 ;l Tau

I 117 iL L~p 137 .f.J- Chu 1s1{ Jl I Tue ' 6NET 138 R < f! l can ;t

118 1t (,.,..) True 139 ~ ~- s.ic 158 Jr Thi!n ·-

A\1I1I

159 -* ($.) Xa 177 $ Oich 198 ~ L6c

160 * Tan 178 °t<-'f;) Vi 199 ~( !: ) Ml!-ch

161 ,fr. Th'n (Thin) 179 ft Ctru 200 m.. Ma

~ 180 {1- A.m ,

12NET

162 1-

Xu Cle 181 Ji."CYfl Hi¢t!d~l 201 -t Hoang

;_ 182 Jit(J'A.) Phong 202 ~ Thu

{ e, 183 J'it<'.) Phi 203 .w... Hile

163 f " Ap 184 ~( t) Th\!C 204 1lt Tri, chi

164 j!;1j Dil.u 185 ~ Thu 13NET

165 * Bi¢n 186 if- Huang 205 ~(it) Manh

166 .!'.. Ly ,

lONET 206 Ji+ Dinh --

SNET 187 -~(ll,) Ma 207 !i c6

167 1t< l) Kim 188 it C6t 208 "' '*I. Thi'!

168 -k< R l Trucrng 189 ~ Cao ,

raJ 14NET

169 riu1) M6n 190 !} Buu 209 ... Ty

170 {: Ph1,1 191 ri<+J Da'.u 210 1J.f- Te

~ Subng ,

192 lSNET

171 !Jt Dai 193 ~ Cach 211 ~(ti) Xi

172 1i. Chuy 194 .t, Qui ,

16NET

173 i$J Vii 11 NET 212 -ft< ;if,) Long

174 * Thanh 195 .~,( $) Ngu 213 jg(i!) Qui

175 ;}f Phi 196 .~(~) Dil!u 17NET

9NET 197 lfl<~) Li\ 214 ~ Dugc

176 dii Di¢n

XIX

Lesson 1

BAI 1

~ fr:f XINCHAO ·-·

=~00 Kewen Text Bai d9c

A:1:t- :kt! NT hOo!

B: 1-t- :kt! NT hOo!

~~ Shengci New Words Tumoi

1. - ( 111) yi one (nha:t) so' 1

2. Ji ( 111) wil five (ngil) s65

3. /"\.._ ( 111) ba eight (bat) s68

4. k. (~) de big (d~i) to, lOn, c8.

5. ~ (110 bu not (bat) khiing

6. 0 (4';,t) kOu mouth (kh~u) mi~ng

7. a (~) bai white (b~ch) tr3.ng

8. * ( 4'i) n~ female, woman (nil) ph\l nU, con g3.i, nU

9. ~ ( 4'i) mo horse (ma) con n~a

1

IO. 1fi: l !. -it

(-) jl!HJ: b

( =itsiHJ: a

p

0

(_)t!f'tf

(ft)

OB)

nl

hao

you( singular) (nh'i) anh, chi, b:;tn, ...

good (h8.o) tOt, dt;ip, hay, ngon, ...

§"[]@ YOyTn Phonetics Nguam

Initials Thanhm~u m f d t n g k h

Finals V~n milu e u 0 ai ei ao OU

lnitial-final combinations

~ a 0 e i u 0 ai ei ao OU

b ba bo bi bu bai bei baa p pa po pi pu pai pei pao pou m ma mo me mi mu mai mei moo mou f fa fo fu lei fou d da de di du dai dei dao dou t ta te ti tu tai tao tau n na ne ni nu nu nai nei nao nou I la le Ii lu 10 lai lei lao Jou g ga ge gu gai gei gao gou k ka ke ku kai kei kao kou h ha ........ h.e. hµ hai ... b.t?i __ ... ha_q hou -----· ---····-----·· yi WU yu

( I!!! ) )If il'l Tones Thanh di~u

5 5 111-/li 55: (i T 0 4 4 111 =/fi 35' (J (J 3 3

111=.J'i 214: 2 2 a I Q

1 1 1!111!1J'i5I: iJ D

2

!@'<00 Zhushl Notes Chu thich

( - )iX, i.atf i'i1¥-J!l$: Formation of Chinese syllables Ca'.u !{lo clla fun tie't tie'ng Han

Ill i?i S'J if '1'i ;I;:$ fl: Ell JI< £t , ~ £t f\l JI< \II;! !11. lit o f!iHU : ba , m<L hao '«II ;II; if '1'i o

if '1'i Jf ek a<J Iii if •4 JI< £t " fliJ ~u , b, m, h" Jt #< a<i 1!11 :H-:llo ~ £t , fliJ Jill , a, a, <:10 o mi

ii: Ill*. Jl!j iii ff 400 $-1' if '1'i 0

Most Chinese syllables are formed by a combination of the initials, finals and tones.

For example,bO,mO,hOo.The consonant at the head of a syllable(b,m,h in the above

examples) is called the initial. The rest of the syllable is the final( a, 0, Oo) . The contem~

porary Chinese putonghua has over 400 syllables.

Da sO am tie't trong tie'ng Han dUQC t~o th8.nh bdi Lhanh m:iu, v<}n m8.u va thanh dieu. Thi du: bO-.. mo, hOo d~u la 3.m ti€t. Phu 8.m md d&u clla 8.m

ti€t dU:QC. gqi 18. 11a~h m:iu. Thi d1,1: b, m, h Ph£n cOn 11ili la v~n m8.u. _Thi du:

0-.. 0-.. Oo . Tie'ng ph6 th6ng H3.n ngU hi~n d:;ii c6 h9n 400 am tie't.

<=>?.t:tf~~ Descriptions of articulation Citch phitt fun

Jl'J-1}:!:]-Bj: :O o e i u 0 Simple finals V~n mftu ddn a O e i u 0

0 Jf D 1l!' Ji!: ;I;: , 'i!f Uz_ Jil il£ , l!f ;f llli o

The mouth is wide open, the tongue is at its lowest,and the lips are unrounc:!.­

ed. a: mi~ng md rQng, lttai d vi tri tha'p nha't, kh6ng trOn mOi.

0 Jf D 1l!' '!' ~ , 'i!f i!L '!'- illi , iii! J5 , llli /i11 , The opening of tt.!: mouth is medium, the tongue position is mi&.igh and

slightly to the back, a.o6 the lips are rounded.

3

o: mi~ng md vita ph0.i, lu'ai hdi cao, nghieng v8 phia sau, trOn mOi. e R' o !!t <P ;1!0 , % El "i< illi , «I Ji'L B ;io; IMJ o

The opening of the mouth is medium, the tongue position is mid-high and slightly to the hack, and the lips are unrounded. e: mi~ngm0 vita ph0.i, lttai d~ hdi cao, nghi€!ng v8 phia sau, khOng trOn m0-1

The opening of the mouth is narrow,the lips are spread, and the tongue posi­tion is high and slightly to the front . i: mi~ng he, m6i d~t, lu'ai d~ cao, nghieng ve phia trudc.

u * Q It :Ii lj' • fi :ft Im • % {\'! illi '«I F.f 0

The opening of the mouth is narrow , the lips are fully rounded , and the tongue position is high and slightly to the back . u: mi~ng he, mOi trOn, lu'ili d~ cao, nghieng ~e phia sau.

u % il'l -'O [ i J ;/!! fOl • @. JI! IMJ Iii . Q * -'" llt [ u J ;ff! iii 0

The tongue position is identical to that of[ i] , and the lips are rounded to a degree similar to [ u] . fl: vi tri lu'Cii cling giOng nhu' [i], nhu'ng phiii trOn mOi, d9 md clta mi~ng cllng giOng nhtt khi philt am [u].

;!!: it Jl!J -81 a i <P ti<J a ~ fl' [ a] , % {\'! It [ Aa] 1!i! llfJ , :It 10 -'O [ Aa ] ;ff! fOl o

a in the compound final ai is pronounced as[ a]. The tongue position is a little more forward than that of ( Aa] . The other traits of the sound are the same as [ Aa] .

l

Trang viln kep [ ai] d9c thanh [aJ, v! tri cila luai l~h ve trudc so vdi [A a], cac tntdng hQp cOn l~i d9c giOng [A a].

ei tfl ff(] e i:* fF [ e] o e in ei is pronounced as [ e] .

e trong ei d9c thi'tnh [ e J. ao tfl a9 a i:* ft:: [a] o a in ao is pronounced as [a] .

a trong ao d9c th8.nh [ } .

' J" Ji!o Initial, THANH MAU

b [p]

!!'I. /!HI!. :t: i5 "\: • ill ~ 'll" " !!'I. M 'it ffl • i:i /ti! 1E !Ill "I: ,\11. , !ii 1f 3!'1.11\f • {!!! "\: illt Ii :It mi tfj ' mi f,j; " ;f i5 "( .. 0 J" * ;f w ;jlj 0

This is an unaspirated voiceless bilabial plosive , Lung air is compressed by the clo­

sure of the lips. Then the air escapes with a sudden release of the lip closure, with no vi­

brations of the vocal cords. b: [p} am tic, trong, kh6ng b~t hdi, hai m6i khCp. Khi ph3.t 8.m hai mOi khep, khoang

mi~ng·chlla dfty khi, hai m6i b~t mO nhanh khie'n kh6ng khi dQt ngQt b~t ra, thttdng gQi

18. am kh6ng b~t hcri, d& thanh kh6ng rung.

p [p']

3!'1.11\f fill • i5 "( ' ill ~ 'll" 0 :It 'll" llil ill fll b ~ ~ • "( illt Ill ;IJ 11!11 tfj • mi f,j; " i5 "( " 0

J" * ;f w ;jlj 0

Aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive. The position of articulation is the same as that of

b . The air is released forcibly with a puff, with no vibrations of the vocal cords .

p: [p'1 am tile, trong, b~t hdi, hai m6i khCp. BQ v! ph€tt am gio'ng vOi am bi dOng

kh6ng khi bi 11,tc Cp dfty ra ngoi'li, thttdng gQi 18. "b~t hdi". 1-'hanh dCli kh6ng rung.

m [m]

!!'1.11\f 111. • :t: ;s "I: . • * . !!'1.11\f 1t ffi , ~ n , ,J, w r '!li1 • "I: illt !A ,... l!'l tfl * " !" * w ;jlj 0

Unaspirated bilabial nasal. The lips form a closure, and the soft palate and the uvula

are lowered. The air stream passes through the nasal cavity, with vibrations of the vocal

cords.

rn: [m1 3.m miii, kh6ng b;)t hdi, hai m6i khep. Khi ph3.t 3.m, hai mOi khep, ng~c

m~m va lttdi con rii xuOng, luOng khi' theo khoang miii ra ngoi'l.i, thanh dCli rung.

5

f [fl M J!i if , llH!il if " J:: J!i it ti T li'L '1: lilt IA 'I' fiiJ 1' l* ffil l±l " J'f W ~ lli< iJIJ " Voiceless labio-dental fricative. The upper teeth make a light contact with the lower lip and the air is releac;ed in between with a friction, with no vibrations of the vocal cords. f [ f] 8.m m6i rang, xat trong. Khi phi:i.t arn, riing tren t.i€p xUc vOi m6i duOi, luOng hcti ma sat thoilt ra ngoai. D<iy thanh khOr1g rung. d [t] 'i!i "R l!!l , ~ m '1: , lll lli if " 'i!i "R 19l J:: J!i Ii! , i:J if;< 1E !Iii '1: .©- , JI IE 'i!i "R f,!: T , ill! '1: lilt JI Jlt ffij l±l 0 "' w ~ lli< ;;Ii 0

Unaspirated voiceless alveolar plosive. The primary obstacle is formed by a closure made between the tip of the tongue and the upper alveolar ridge. Lung air is compressed behind this closure, and then escapes with force upon release of the alveolar closure, with' no vibrations of the vocal cords. d [ t] 8.m dfiu h.tai (ch8.n rang), t:ic, trong, kh6ng bi~_t hdi. Khi phlit 8.m, dfiu }U(li ch:;in1 vao chiln rang tren, khoang mi~ng trU hoi r6i d~u ludi hi;i. th~t nhanh xuOng kh1€n lubng hdi dQt ngQt ra ngoai. Day thanh kh6ng rung. t [ t. l 'i!i "R l!!l , J! '1: , lit lli if " Jlt if ll!S iil 'Ill d - 19t , '1: lilt IA i:J If;< i. Jlt ffil l±l ll>t '!l!' J! '1: 0 "' w ~ lli< ;;Ii 0

Aspirated voiceless alveolar plosive. Its position and manner of articulation are the same as those of d, but it is aspirated, with no vibrations of the vocal cords . t [ t • Jam dfi.u luai (chan rang), trong va bic. b~t hdi. Vi tri ph<it am gielng nhu am d, khi luOng hdi tU trong mi~ng dQt 11gQt b~t ra. can phiii d<'ly m?nh hcti ra. Day thanh kh6ng rung. n [ n]

i'i "R l!!l , •if o i'i "R Ui J:: J!i Ii! , tx l!J , 1J' 'i!i T ~ , •If;< fJ :If , J'f W lli< iJIJ o Alveolar nasal. The tongue-tip is pressed against the upper alveolar ridge, the soft palate and uvula are lowered, and the air is let out through the nasal cavity with vibrations of the vocal cords. n [ n] am d.iu ludi, lQi tren, mUi. Khi ph3.t am, d8-u ludi chi;i.m vao lqi tren, ng?c mem va luai con h? xu0ng, khoang mUimd. Day thanh rung. I [ !] 'i!i "R l!!l , iii if o i'i "R 19l J:: J!i Ii! , It n .flJ li'i , '1: lilt IA 'i!i fill 11il i!'i iii l±l JI<: " J'f W lli< iJIJ " Alveolar lateral. The tongue-tip makes a light contact with the upper alveolar ridge, but slightly more to the back than the position for n . The air stream is released from the · sides of the tongue. The vocal cords vibrate.

I [I] Am bi&n d~u 1uai, chan rang. Khi ph8t am, d.iu Iuai ch?m vao lqi tren, so v& am 11 IUi ve phia sau nhieu hdn, luOng hdi theo hai ben d.iu Iuai ra ngoai. D.iy thanh rung. g [k]

i'i m if • ~ * '1: • lit « if " ;s m 19l tt tx Jl!J • JI ill! ;s m 7'! :If tx IJlJ • ill! '1: lilt 11 llt ffij l±l 0 "' w ~ lli< ;fJ 0

Unaspirated voiceless velar plosive. The back of the tongue is raised to form a closure 6

with the soft palate. Lung air escapes with force upon sudden release of the closure, with no vibrations of the vocal cords.

g [ k] Am cuOng lu:di, trong va t~c, khOng b!}t hdi. Khi philt 3.m, phfrn cu6r.g Judi nang cao s:it ng~c rn€m. Sau khi trU hdi, h~ nhanh ph.in cu6ng ludi xu6ng, d~ hdi bi).t ra ngoai mc)t cilch dc)t ngc)t. Day thanh khOng rung.

k [ k' J . % l!H!L i!!'«''t , nt ~ 1i o ~ it lfll m O!ll g - -11' , ";: lJlt .!,!. 1:1 Iii' <1' :II ~ jjij Ill at 'Ji! m

";: 0 I" * ~ * ii:IJ 0

Aspirated voiceless velar plosive. Its position and manner of articulation are the same

as that of g except that it is aspirated, with no vibrations of the vocal cords.

k [ k.] Am cuOng lu:ai, t:i.c trong, b!}t hdi. Khi phiit am, bQ vt clla am gi611g nhU: fim g. Lile luOng hdi tU trong khoang mi~ng bi).t ra d{lt ngc)t, cfrn dU:a hdi m1;1nh. Dfiy thanh khOng rung.

h [x] % il!. llli , nt • 'l'L % ill. tl:i iii ~ l~ , ";: lJlt .!,!. <1' fa] lll • jjij Ill o I" 1ll' ~ lJOC ii:IJ o

Voiceless velar fricative. The back of the tongue is raised towards the soft palate. 'l'he air stream is expelled from the lungs,causing some frictions in the vocal tract, with no vi­brations of the vocal cords .

h [ x] Am cu6ng lu:Ji, x:it, trong, bi).t hdi. Khi philt fim, cu6ng ludi tie'p ci).n vOi ng;;ic n1€m, luOng hdi tU khoang gilla ma sat di ra. Day thanh khOng rung.

(_=)#~:J&!QU Ru!es of writing the transcription 3- QUY TAC VIET

i 'u 'u 'l!ll or § AZ it l'i 0 § AZ j!f l'i at Jt jjlj '.!'i AZ yi 'WU' yu 0

i, U, and 0 may form independent syllables. In writing they are respectively yi, WU and yu.

i 'u '0 c6 th€\ tl,i 18.m th<lnh am tie't. Khi d6, ch-Ung I.in lu:qt vie't th3.nh yi' WU' yu.

(J1ll)jtfill] Tone' 4.THANHDI~U

lJU!H''Hfil iii 1l im 1- ~:$:I" \Ill , Jt JJ1J Ill J'l \Ill 1't % : -(!II - )I< ) ;' ( !II = p; ) ; v ( Jfl. = I" ) ; ' < !II im I" ) o I" \Ill ~ "'1 • '& it B'l tt SI. io; flll , IJlaa ,

'fhe Chinese putonghua has four basic tones. They are shown by the tone-indicators:

- (the 1st tone) , " (the 2nd tone) , 11 (the 3rd tone) , and ' (the 4th tone) . Different tones may express different meanings, e.g.

HB.n ngU tie'ng ph6' th6ng c6 4 thanh di~ll Cd ban, I.in lu:qt c6 cac k.Y hi¢u la" - " (thanh thU nhfft); " " " (thanh thU hai); " 11 " (tha11h thU ba); " ' " (thanh thU tu) .

cac thanh di~u kh:ic nhau, y nghia du:qc

bi@u d~l cling khac n11au. Thi d1,1:

ba ba ba ba ma ma ma ma yT yi yT yl

··~ •• .,. ••

bo ba ;\ 1tt tam nh6'

ba ba !le, ~ bia b6

7

)If iii!~% '!ii t.J<'l'E 3:: '!ii :iGfi _t" :iGfi i _t ll jlij % II>) , '!ii ~Jll! i (ltJ ,;,. " ~o , nLbT" -~iir.(l<J~~ll~~~~~~_t(ltjjGfill>),)lfjlij~'}'lll~'l'E*~~-*(ltj:JG ii _t, ~o, hao,mei J6uo

Tone-indicators should be placed on the wain vowels, When the vowel i carries a tone-indicator, the dot in i is removed, e.g. nT, bl. H there are two or more than two vowels in a syllable, the tone-indicator is placed on the one which requires a bigger (or the 'biggest) opening of the mouth, e.g. hOo, mei, 16u.

Ky hi~u thanh di~u vie't tren nguyen :3.m chinh. Khi nguyen 0.m " i " mang thanh di~u, ph:3.i bO da'u Cl tren " i " di. Thi dv: nl, bl . Khi vfin cUa mt)t am ti€t c6 2 hay 2 nguyen am trd 1€n, ky hi~u thanh di~u phiii vie't tren nguyen am c6 dQ md clla mi~ng ldn nha't. Thi dv: h0o,m0i ,l6u. (li)~iQ Modulations of tones 5- BIEN DI]j:U

~ i· Jll = )If ii 1' it w: II>) ' li1J - ~'!ii w: Jllt JI\ = )If 0 fllj Jm ' When a 3rd tone is immediately followed by another 3rd tone, the former is pro­

nounced as the 2nd tone. For example: Khi c6 hai am tie't cUng mang thanh thU ba di lien nhau, am tie't d3-u d9c

th8.nh thanh thtl hai. Thi dl,l: nl hao--+-ni hao

(1'l'tfi~~llt'J' Syllables and Chinese characters 6- AM TIET VA CHO' HAN m••&•(ltj~~-%0·~-r.~~~--~--f~&·o~·' The characters are the written symbols of the Chinese language. Every syllable can

be written into one or several characters . Examples: Cha Hitn Ia kY hi~u vie't cUa tie'ng Hiln. MOi am tie't c6 th~ vie't th3.nh mQt

ho~c nhieu cha. Thi dl,l:

ba bd ba ba j\.. ~ .re. %-ma ma ma ma

~ ~ !li ;i; yT yl yi yi

{} :f.t 1<..

§~g;}~ Lionxf Exercises Bai t~p

( - ) JUJi Tones Thanh dii;u

8

yT WO

yl \VU

yl WU

t- yl - - yT WU-------- wU

yO ytl yO yu-------- ytl bO ba bO bO-------- bO j\.

do da dO dO- - - - - - - - dO :k.. bO bu bO bu- - ------ bu ;r-nO nO n6 ' • * nu-------- nu kOu k6u kOu kou--------kOu 0

bOi bai bOi bai- - - - - - - - bai El hei hei hei hei--- - - - - - h0i

ma ma mo ma-------- ma l!i nT ni nl nl- - - - - - - - -nl 1.t.

<=>~il1 Modulations of tones Bie'n dit?u nl hOo meihOo wll bOi beihai gei yT yOfO keyT IOdOo

<=>•'ti' Pronunciation Ph3.n bi~t iim

i. m j)IJ Jli JJ> Identify the initials Phan bi~t thanh mAu ba pa da ta ga ka bu pu du tu gu ku bai pai dai tai gai kai bao pao dau tou gao kao

2. m j)IJ lfll JJ> Identify the finals Phan bi~t v~n m&u ba bo he to pa po ne mo ma mo de bo fa to ke po

bai bei pao pou mai mei hao hou gai gei kao kou hoi hei gao gou

9

3. j,jl'ifj,jfjlij Pronunciation and tones Ph.in bi~t am, thanh di~u be pa da ta he f6 ge ke bl pl de te hOu fOu gQ ktl btl ptl dl tl hei tei gai kai bai p(li du tu hu f(J gei d~i bei pei dai tai ha ta gOu kOu

(i!Y)iA~ Read and learn Nhil\n bie't vit t~p dQC dait6u tait6u dal6u tal6u ketu kekO dayu dayO yUxf ftlxl meihao mei lai

.£ j\,_ ;r- p El Jl, *- * :kt 1fi: (Ji)j(~~ill Communication Hl}i tho~i giao tiCp

tr lil Pl' Greetings Chao hoi A,NJ hao!

B,NT hao!

(f\)'.!i&* Learn to write ViCt chii' Han

. ._;.,-. ___ .. ._;...-. .. -t----· ··-- • .

i\o "/. . . . . "/"" ... ·, ____ _

•

____ , _____ ·-··

---- .... ···-·t . , ..... ,

t .. ' . !····· -------~- -+- ;r ;(- --~---:

. ·O \' ····f'?·· ·O ··-··•·---- ··--· ......... ------ ..... •· . ' ' •

··--- -···· ----- ----· , ... , .. t

:

10

··t.it· J .... 1 ... f ··-ff'··· ··-ff·· 1~ t.it ····· ······ ····· . . . .. J.7.. * ... ·:*:"·· :*:'r .. J.7..' ..• ··+ ., •· . . •. ·+ ~ . . ~ ~ ~ ~ + .. •··· + -----·-·-·-

11

&itf~i'z~t Lesson 2

BAI2 TIENG HAN KHONG KHO LAM

="00 Kewen Text Bai dgc

A: 1:f- ·ti: •!!i? NT mang ma?

B: ,f~ ·ti: 0

Hen mdng.

A: ~5lif * •J!i? HanyO nan ma?

B: ;;f- ;k_ :<ft 0

Bu t(Ji nan.

=~ =" . Sheng cf New Words Tumoi

1. •ti: (JB)mang busy (mang) b~n

2. •!!i ( J!IJ) ma (a modal particle) (ma) (tr<;i tU nghi van)

chua, kh6ng

3. ,f~ (M'l)hen very (ng~n) rat, liim qua, he't sUc

4. iX .. i-t!; ( ~) HOnyO Chinese, Chinese (Han ngil) tie'ng Han

~11 language

5. (JB)nan hard, difficult (nan) kh6, gay go

6. *- ( llO tai too ( thai) qua, rat, liim

7. %% <<tlbab~ dad (ba ba) cha, bO, ba

8. MM ('1;) mama mum (ma ma) m~,ma

12

9. -:r-:r (<!\) gage elder brother (Ca ca) anh trai

10. ~ ~ (<!\) dldi younger brother ( d~ d~) em trai

11. #.#. (<!\) meimei younger sister (muQi muQi) emg::li

12. #.. (ft) to he,him (tha) (~i tit chi ngu'di,ng6i thU

ba s6 it, nam gidi) n6, hiin,

13. :lit (ft) to anh fly, 6ng fi.y ...

she,her (tha) (d/ili tU chi ngu'di, ng6i thU

ba, s6 ft, nU giOi) chi fly, cO

ta, ba fly ...

14. ~ (<!\) nan male,man (nam) nam, trai, con trai

§~[Jg} YuyTn Phonetics Ngli am

-)lllJJ!f Finals Thanh miiu

an en ang eng ong

(=)t#-{f Initial-final combinations

an en ang eng ong

b ban ben bang beng

p pan pen pang peng

m man men rnong meng

f fan fen fang feng

d' don den dang .deng dong

13

~ an en ang eng ong

t tan tang teng tong n nan nen nang neng nong I Ian \ang Ieng long g gan gen gang geng gong k kan ken kang keng kong h han hen hang heng hong

l§l"OO Zhushl Notes Chu thich (-)an 'l'li'J a lli;f!o[al.ang 'l'li'J a lli;f!;[a]o

a in an is pronounced as [a] . a in ang is pronounced as [a]. a trong Rm an d9c thanh[a], a trong ang d9c thi'lnh [a]. en,eng 'l'li'J elli;f!o[a]o e in en and eng_ is pronounced as[ a] . e trong en.,eng d9c th3.nh [a]. ong 'I' li'J o lli; fl; [ w] 0 in ong is pronounced as o trong ong d9c thanh [ w J .

(=>$}.Pf The neutral tone Thanh nh~ Ill. ill 'I' fl '1!i. ,, 71' 1ll' ,., \Ill ( 71' 'm' t: ff] J9i ft ~ li'J Ill. "'n, jf\ JL,., ) . * 11' 1!! •.

··o-~li'JWl',~HJ'ioH~•·~·--~·llJ'i\l!Jli'J~·-fl~~o fjij ftD , Some syllables in Chinese are toneless( disregarding the tones of the characters they

represent) and are pronounced light and short. These syllables are called neutralized tones or neutral tones. The pitch of a neutral tone is affected by the tone of the preceding sylla­ble, e.g.

Trang tie'ng Han, c6 mQt s6 am tie't khOng mang thanh di~u (cha dU chU Han ma ch Ung thay the' mang thanh thU: ma'y), dQc rilt nh~ va ng~n. NhUng am tie't nhu the' g9i Ia thanh nh~. DQ cao clia thanh nh~ thay d6i do 8.nh huOng ell.a thanh di~u am tiet truCic n6. Thi d\1:

mama baide nTmen baba itJl: l'El!i'.&f 'I', &~W1'Xi1'1 % o

Note: In transcriptions neutral tones do not carry any tone-indicators. Chu Y: Trong khi viet, am tie't mang thanh nh~ khOng danh da'u thanh di~u.

14

<=>'fo=jlf The half 3nl tone Nita thanh thu ba

!.fl =-"" 1r ~ h'i J!I m -1' !.fl - P< , !.fl = P.- , !.fl I!!! Jti ;;J<; 1£ JI' 1r 1' it.t • ~ ti' ¥ =­-p; , ap , ,R ~ !.fl -=: /ft (I() Jl1J ¥ T ~ llfl 5l- , ::f ~ !if ¥ (I() 1: 1T ll!I 5l- , .!li 1: It ~ T iii (I() 1r "0 j§ij ~~ '

A 3rd-tone syllable becomes a half 3rd tone when it is immediately followed by a

1st, 2nd, 4th or neutral tone syllable,i.e.only the first half (the falling part) of the tone

is articulated, and is immediately followed by the next syllable, e · g · hi;i giqng (J nl1a yOyT hen mang wOfan hao mo

Khi sau am ti€t thanh thU ba la am tie't thanh thU nhfit, thanh thll hai hoac thanh thU tu, thi iim tie't d6 d9c th3.nh nUa thanh thU ba, tUc la, chi d9c phi3.n trtidc cUa thanh thU ba, khOng d9c nUa phftn len gi9ng d phia sau va d9c tie'p ngay am tie't sau. Thi dl,l:

yOyT hen mang wOfan hao mo

§~~~ Lianxf Exercises Bai t~p

( - ) jlf i.llJ Tones Thanh dii?u

ta ta ta ta - - - - ta #!./:It mang mang mang mang - - - - mang •ti:

hen hen hen hen - - - - hen ~~ nan nan nan nan - - - - nan * han han hon han - - - - Han( yO) i5l (ii-)

ba ba ba ba - - - - babo %% ma ma ma ma - - - - mama ii!,~

ge ge ge ge - - - - gege -,ff .,!j· mei mei m~i mei - - - - meimei #.#. dT di dT dl - - - - dldi ff, ff,

<=>~Jlf The neutral tone Thanh nh~

mama gege ta de tarnen yeye mdng ma lai mo bai de nOlnai hOo ma boo le pao le dldi metmei 18i ma lei le

( =)'fo=jlf The half 3nl tone Nita thanh thu ba

hen goo hen nan hen da hao le nl he nl lai mlfan hao mo

15

b<!n ban bllnlai h<!n bang h<!n pang

(l!!Dl#'ttl#lll Pronunciation and tones Phan bi~t Am, thanh di~u bangang ban kOng dong h6ng tangh6ng h<!n nan hilln Ian ht'!n mang Mn man

A: 1.f.*f•~? B: 1!l*f!

A : 1.f. •ti:·~ '? B: 1!l•t<=o

A: i.lliillft•~? B : ill ii- ::f: lift o

hanlillng nanfang

killneng nanfang

Nh~n biet va t~p dqc chii' Hitn

(f\)[gltf(ci]ll Answer the questions Tri IOi c<iu hOi I. NT mang mo? 2. HOr.:10 non ma? 3. NT babo hao mo? 4. TO mang ma?

(~)~)ilt~lli Complete the dialogues Hoitn thanh bai h\>i tho~i A: B: NThao! A· ? B: Ht'!n mang. A· ?

16

B, Hanyu bu non.

(J\.)~~~18 Communication HQi thot;ti giao tiCp

fiil• Greetings HOi tham

A, NT hbo ma?

e, Hen hOo.

A, NT bOba mama hOo ma?

e, Tamen dau hen hOo.

A· NT mOng ma?

B' Bil IOi mOng .

A, NT bOba mOng ma?

e, Ta hen mOng.

How are you?

Very well.

How is your dad and mum?

They are all very well.

Are you busy?

Not too busy.

Is your dad busy?

He is very busy.

(:IL)~ilt'i' Learn to write Vi~t chu Han

' ~' ··~··

. ,, *

~~- ~ ··~·· ··~·· ··~·· -i-

··~·· ~

··~·· ., ... i.L ··-~·· * ··~·· ..... -..... .J.!b. • • • .J.!b ft ll. ~ ·-Ji· -l!f- *" 'J<]" J<>I .. ··~·· .............. - .... .

•

---· ; ____ .

17

ffr + ..... ' .. . f' .. fr' ··fr·· ffr T ... '··· '·····'·····' . '· . ·•· . ' ..... .

18

BAI3 Lesson 3 " CAMON

=>"~ Kewen Texts Bai d9c

{-)~~

A:-it :i!. ! Qlng jin !

B: {,f, ~ 1~ 0

NT de xin.

A:1At1At ! Xiexie!

B::1' 1At! Bu xie.

{ =) R.ll Jefil 1b A: •l• -k ~tlAt •Il]? NT qu yin hang mo?

B: :1' -ko -k *F Jh o

~

Bu qu. Ou y6uju. r '}

./f,_j

A : a}] ;f;_ Ji,!, ! Mingtion jion !

B : ff}J ;f;_ Ji,!, ! Ming ti on jion !

·9

~'<~ Sheng cl New Words

I. #t (;;Ii ) qlng please thinh mdi, xin mdi

2. :i& ( ;;Ii ) jln come in, entrr tie'n vao, tie'n

3. ~ ( J!IJ ) de (a structural particle) di ch (trq tit)

4. 1i. (~) xln letter tin tln.t

5. 1~1# (;;Ii) xi€xie thank 4 ciimdn

6. * ( ;IJ ) qu go khu di

7. il'<At c~J yfnhang hank ngiin h8ng ngan hang

8. .U~J;j (~) y6uju post office bUU C\IC bttu di~n

9. ljfJ .k (~) mfngtian tomorrow minh thien ngay n1ai

10.' Jt ( ;IJ) jian •ee kie'n g~p' tha'y

II. * (If{) liU 1

'" l\J-C s66

12. ~ (If{) ql seven thil'.t s67

13. it. (If{) ji(J nine ci'tu s09

§«lfil@ YuyTn Phonetics Ngu am

(~)Pf-BJ: Initials: Thanh mliu

i q x

(=)ll!JllJ Finals: V~n m.lu

-~.n

ia ie iao iou(-iu) ian in iang in.g iong O lie Oan On

•

<=)j#fi- Initial-final combinations Phien iim

~ i ia ie iao iou ion in iang ing iong

j ji jia jie jiao jiu jian jin jiang jing jiong q qi qia qie qiao qiu qian qin qiang qing qiong x xi xia xie xiao xiu xian xin xiang xing xiong b bi bie biao bi an bin bing p pi pie piao pion pin ping m mi mie mioo mi an min ming d di die dlao diu di an ding t ti tie tioo tion ting n ni nie niao niu nian riin niong ning I Ii lie lie lioo llu lion lin liang ling

------- ········ ······-········· ..............

ya ye yao you yon yin yang ying yang

0 Oe Clan On

n no nOe

10 IOe

ju jue juan jun

q qu que quan qun

x XU xue xuan xun ....... ...... ··············-· .............

yu yue yuan yun

§'"00 Zhushl Notes Chu thich

( -)~fi'J14Ji. Descriptions of articulation each philt am

j ( to] 'i!i llii 1!11. , '!' J! "1. , 1"' i!l!HCl'lf o 'i!i llii lliJ llll Wi i.i1! l!J , 'i!i !k 11! T 1il 11' , "1. lJ1i bl. 'i!illiilli!llll~i.il!l!Jz~•£••Wilio~~'l'~Wo

Unaspirated voiceless palatal affricate. The front part of the tongue is raised to the hard palate. The tongue-tip is pressed against the back of the lower teeth. The air is squeezed out through the passage between the front part of the tongue and the hard palate, with no vibrations of the vocal cords.

j [ t~] .iim mi[it ltiili, kh6ng b~t hdi, t~c,xat,trong. Khi ph8.t am, mi[it lttili tren xat vao ng~c cling, d:iu luai h~ xuOng luOng hdi t-U kho3.ng m~t luili tren ma sat vdi ng~c cling di ra ngoiii. Day thanh kh6ng rung.

21

q [to' l 1'f J!fi ll!l , i!\ '1: , iii:!.!'. Jll! i'f , ;!/: i'f llll i\! "i j ~ff , Ji~ :!l!: i!\ '1: , Aspirated voiceless palatal affricate. Its position is the same as that of j, but it re­

quires strong aspiration.

q [ t~' ] am m(lt lu'ITT, b;)t hdi, t~c, x:it, trong. Vt tri phii.t am gi6ng am j, c<ln b?t b?t m~nh hdi ra ngo8-i.

x [ o l 1'f J!fi ll!l , iii W i'f , 1'f J!fi 1liJ llll "i ill' ll'J ffl J1i' , '1: lilt.IA 1'f J!fi 1liJ llll "i ill' ll'J faJ !@:

w jjjj tfl ' "' * ~ l1I< ;;IJ 0

Voiceless palatal fricative . The front part of the tongue is raised to a position near the hard palate . The air stream is released in between with a friction . The vocal cords do not vibrate.

X [!:l] am m*t h..tdi.x3.t,trong. Khi ph3.t <im, m(lt luai tren g§.n vdi ng1;lc cling, lu6ng hdi tU m(lt ltidi tren ma sat vOi ng1;1-C cling ra ngo:li. Dfly thanh kh6ng rt1ng.

ie,Oe 9=189 e m:tt[i::] o e in ie and Oe is pronounced as[e:]. e trong am Oe d9c th8.nh [e:].

<=>~~nf.JQU Rules of writing the transcription Qui tiic vie't

!;.( i u 0 :if JI, il'J {f 11 'llf :7t ~Jj ~ !lli: y 'w 'y ' i, U and 0 at the beginning of a syllable are written as y, W and y: Khidftu am tiCtc6 i u O thivie'tth:'lnh y,w ... y: io - ya ie - ye iao - yao iou - you ion - yon

in - yin iang - yang ing - ying iong - yong

ua-wa

uan - wan

uo-wo

uen - wen

uu-wu uai -wai

uang - wang ueng - weng

Oe - yue Oan-yuan On - yun

o ,Oe ,oan ,on 'Ill i ,q ,x ffll!f Bt, o ..t l!if i8i!!i ,¢,\ J::cidil, ~ !lli:,

uei - wei

ju jue juan jun qu que quan qun xu xue xuan xun

When 0, Oe, Oan and On are spelled together with j, q and X, they are removed of the two dots at the top and written as :

Khi O, Oe, Oan , On ke't hqp vOi j, q , x , ph8i bO hai da'u chfim tren nguyen am " 0 ", vie't thanh: ju jue juan jun qu que quan qun xu xue xuan xun.

n,l "i 0 ffil!fHt ,{lJ~Jlli: O, fllaa,16,nO, 0 remains unchanged when spelled with n and ~ . Khi n-..lke't hc;Jp vOi U vfrn vie't th8.nh 0. Thi dl,1: IU,nU 0

iou 1liJ J!fi ho I" Jl> st Ji'!§! !lli:-iu fill ~a ,iiu, iou is written as -iu if an initial is added. Khi tru'Oc viln iou c6 thanh mfru, thi ph3.i vie't th8.nh -iu. Thi d\1: liU

22

(=)"::.f'"(A~ifl Modulations of "::.f'" Bie'n dii?u cUa "::.f''' "l'" (l{j*i.'!J:ll<lfi l!!IJ" 'f!.! tf'il-1'~ lmJ"f ifilf!Jit1B1,:J)<j;~=J"f0

tliHo, The basic tone for "~ "is the

4th tone. It changes to the 2nd when it is immediately followed by another 4th~tone syl table:

Thanh di~u cd biln clla "~" Ia thanh b6n, nhting khi n6 dU:ng tru'Oc mQt am tie't thanh b6n thi bie'n th3.nh thanh hai.

Thi dl,l:

bu he bu nan

bu hao bu qu

bu goo bu lai

bU xiOo bu xie

§'<~~ Lianxf

( - ) jl!i)1 Tones Thanh di~u

qing qing qing qing jin jln j1n jln xTn xin xin xin

Exercises Bai t~p

- - - - qlng - - - - jln

-· - - - xln

ij-ilt 1i.

xie xie xie xie - - - - xiexie 1M"1M-JI ji 11 ji 11 Jl. xiO xiO xid xiO - - - - xiO T xiao xiOo xiOo xi Do - - - - - - - xiOo ,J' liO liU liU !lU - - - - - - - liU * qi qi qi qi - - - - - - - - - qi ..<:; jiO jiu jiu jiu - ------- - jiU 7r... ming ming ming ming - - - - mfng a}] ti an tl6n lion lion - - - - ti Ori Ji:. jiOn jiOn jian jian - - - - jian Jt

23

( = )":r-"ei.J~iJll Modulations of" ~" BiCn di~u cUa " ~" bu he bu mang bu hOo bu yao

bu ting bu neng bu dOng bu kan

bU ban bu tian bu jiOng bu nian

bU xrn bu xfng bu qlng bu jln

( => l#'&l#iJll Pronunciation and tones Phan bi~t cim, thanh di~u ji qi xi ju qu XU

jion qi an xi an jiang qiang xiang jin qin xin jing qing xing

jian ju an qi an quOn xi On xuon

Fn jOn qln qun xrn xon p ju ql qu Xl XO

jia xiO qlng xTng jiOng qiang

jiao xi Co qiU xiO jiil qie

jie xi~ qiao xiOo png qlng

jlql juql xiOxi xi Oil

jiixlng juxlng xoyao xlyao

nUli 1Un li1xfng nUxlng

1lntian mlngtian jinniOn mlngnian

dongbian xTbiOn qianbian houbian

quanxian quanmian xTnxiOn xTnniOn

(RQ)~i,l Read and learn Nhiltn bie't vil t~p dQC chU Han

24

•• .•• •ff ~~ ~~

*•ff *~~ ~~~ ·~~ ••• A: 1fi;*~~·l!i?

B: T-*o *~~.fto

A: 1t-~.itilt! B: 1.t.8?-t&o A: iAtiAt a

B: ;f-iA!"a

(n);;iSJilt~li'i Complete the dialogues Hoan thimh bai bi}i tho').i

A: NI hOo! B: ____ _

A: NI de xln. B: ____ _

A: Bu xie.

A: NI qu yfnhOng ma? B: Bil .Qu __ _

A: Mfngtion jian .

B·

A: ?

B: Buqu. Ou y6uju?

A: ?

B: Mfngtion jian.

(:R)~llj<~iti Communication

1. 111Jilll Cam on A: NI hOo ! Qlngjln .

B: Nldexln.

A: Xiexie!

B: Bu xie.

2. iii! fiil HOi han

A: NI qu YfnhOng ma?

B, Bu qu. au y6uju.

HOi thoai giao tie'p . .

Hello! Please come in.

Here's letter for you.

Thank you!

You' re welcome.

Are you going to the hank?

No , to the post office .

3. 1'r ~lj Saying goodbye Tu bi¢t. chi a tay

A: Mfngtian jiOn. B : Mlngtian jiOn .

See you tomorrow .

See you tomorrow .

(-l:;)'.!illt't Learn to write. Vie't chu Hirn

.. ,.p .. - . ,.P+····· . +··········· ..... : +········ t

•

-··· ··----

-·· ..... -·-·· ·····i·· .. ·f··--·····-·

•

-····i··--- ······ -··-·

#J ' <: fil ff: . tf ··fil···· ··fQ·· ··Mi-·· ......... ······ ·····+ ...•. +

!lfJ + • n: 1t .. ;f . -11} -11)] -11)} "A ····· ······ ·+··· • ···+ •

··-·· ..... -·-··+···· .•..

.... ~ .. ····~·· ····#-·· '.#- -i#- ··l!·· ····· ...... ····· ·····+····•···+ :

26

Lesson 4 1$~00~JL

BAf4 B~ DI DAU DAY?

~'>00 Kewen Text Bai dc;ic

A : 4'- *.. !i. .JfJl IL ? Jlntion xTngqT jl?

B : 4'- *.. !i. .JfJl .::... o

Jlntion xTngqT 'er.

A:1;f. -!- ~JL? NT qu nor?

B:~ -J;;. *..4;-fl 0 1fi:-!- ~ -!-? W6 qu Tion'onmen. NT qu bu qu?

A:~ ~ -kc~ \W ~:.Bto W6 bu qu . W6 hul xuexioo.

B: 1j- Jll. ! Zoijion!

A: 1j-Jll.! Zoijion!

~"'~ Shengcf New Words Titmai

I. 4'-~ ( .11) jfntiOn today (kim thien) H6m nay, ngfiy nay,

hi~n nay *.. (11) tian day (thien) ngay, trif

af k ( 11 ) zu6tion yestenlay (tac thien) horn qua

2. £ .Jm ( ~ ) xingqT week ( tinh kY) tuiin lli, tu An, thU ...

!i. .JfJl - xlngq1yl Monday (tinh ky nhat) th(( 2 • 27

£ J!Jl..::.. xTngqT' Sr Tuesday (tinh ky nhi) th(t 3

£ J!Jl _::_ xlngqlson Wednesday (tinh kY tam) thu 4

£ J!Jl l!!1 xTngqisl Thuraday (tinh kY t(t) thu 5

KJ!Jl Ji. xTngqTwO Friday (tinh kY ngii) th(t 6

KJ!Jl * xTngqTiiU Saturday (tinh kY 11,lc) thu 7

KJ!Jl~ xingqTtiOn Sunday (tinh k:Y thien) chU nh~t

3. JL (ft) jl several (kY) " may

4. - ( l'l) er two (nhj) s62 - (~) (tam) s03 5. san three

6. l!!1 ( l'l) sl four (tU) s04 7. "il~JL (ft) nor where (n8. nhi) ddau 8. f1IS JL (ft) nor there (na nhi) chO d6, ncri d6, ndi fi.y

:i!JL (fl:) zher here (giii nhi) day, chO nay

9. ~ (f"\:) w6 l,me (nga) t6i, tao, t.d, minh ...

10. mi ( F;IJ ) hul go back (to) (hili) ve, trd 11,li, quay l~i

11. *R ( ,g) xuexiC:lo school (hQC hi~u) tntdng, tntdng hQC

12. -If- Jil.. ( F;IJ ) zOijiOn goodbye (t<ii kie'n) t~m bi~t

13. /t}~ (,g) gongyudn park (c6ngvien) cOng vien, vlidn hoa

'{ft; Zhuanmfng Proper Noun Danh tit rieng

~*fl Tian·anmen Tian' anmen, name of a square thien an m6n Thi en An M6n

~"[}® YOyln Phonetics Ngu am

( - ) jlll!Jo Initials Thanh milu

z c s

<=lilll!Jo Finals: V~n m.fu

-i [ 1] er ua uo uai uei( ui) uan uen( un) uang ueng (=)t#tf Initial-final combinations

28

I

~ a e -i ai ei 00 OU an en ang eng ong

z za ze zi zai zei zoo ZOU zan zen zang zeng zong

c ca ce ci coi coo cou can cen cang ceng cong s so se si soi sao sou son sen sang seng song

~ u uo uei(-ui) uan uen(-un)

z zu zuo zui zupn zun c cu CUC cui cuan cun s SU sue sui suan sun

~ ua uo uoi ui uan un uang ueng

d duo dui duan dun

t tuo tui tu on tun n nuo nu on

I luo luan lun

g gua guo guai gui guan gun guang

k kua kuo kuoi kui kuon kun kuang

h hua hue huai hui huan hun huang ................ .. ............ - - ---- ------········· .... ..............

WO WO wai wei wan wen wang weng

@l"OO Zhushl Notes Chu thich

( - ) 2tfi~~ Descriptions of articulation Cit.ch phcit 8.m

z [ ts ] 1'f 9C Ji1J llll , ;f i! "\ • Iii' ;jl II! 'IL 21: ili at 1'f 9C 'I' lifl , llL!: l!l 'It o *!\ 15 1'f 9C

~*®,li"\~~o~~fflm~~~~-!l!ili*o~~;io;~~o

Unaspirated voiceless frontal-alveolar affricate, First the front part of the tongue is

spread and is pressed against the upper alveolar ridge, then the tongue-tip moves apart to

let out the air stream through the narrow passage. The vocal cords do not vibrate.

z [ts] am dfiu lu'Bi qul).t, kh6ng bi~.t hdi, tile, x3.t, trong. Khi ph8.t am dftu ludi

th~ng, ch~m silt vao m~t sau riing tren, sau d6 d~u lu'.Bi hoi llli 11,li cha luOng hdi

tU khoang mi~ng ma stit ra ngoiii. D3.y th&nh khOng rung.

29

c [ ,,. J i!f "R 1ltr m . * "\ . 111 '1l • 11- o :l<: if llll m ;fl] z - flo • If ,\it t *"' 0

Aspirated voiceless frontal-alveolar affricate. Its position of articulation is the same as that of Z, but it requires strong aspiration.

c [ts' ] am d~u luai truOc, b~t hdi, tii.c, xiit, trong. Vi tri (bQ ph~n) philt am gi6ng z, c:in b$.t mi;i.nh hoi ra.

s [ ~ l i!f "R 1ltr m , 111 l!l! if . i!f 'R ft iii' T & 1l' , "\ ii!i: M. i!f w 'I' !it i!Lt. & 'I' r•J If • ffii ti! 0

Aspirated frontal-alveolar affricate. The tip of the tongue makes a light contact with the back of the lower teeth. The air stream is squeezed out between the- mid-part of the tongue and the upper teeth .

s [~] 8.m d§°.u lttdi. t~c xat trong, d§.u lu:ai tie'p c$_n sau rang cUa duOi, lu6ng hdi tU chO m.;it 1uai vdi rang tr&n ma sat ra ngo8i. <=)JllillJo-i [1] The final-i V*nmiiu

zi , c i , si B<J If!] ill :!l> i§" 'R ll1J 1!- [ 1 l , Ill '¥ ill i * Ji; o f'l :tJ ill ill 'llf lm li'i 'I' [ i ] l' ti! o!ffi:(E z ,c,s z!§ .J'JiC! zi,ci,si .PB<Jlf!Jill i -JE1'1lliwlilt[ilo

The final"i" in zi, ci and si is the frontal-alveolar[ 1] . It is represented by the letter i. Since [ i] never appears immediately after Z, C or S in Chinese putonghua , the final .j cannot be pronounced as[ i].

V~n milu clia zi, ci, si Ia nguyen am [1] tru:ac d.iu tu:ai, dU.ng chU c:ii "i'' d4 bi~u thi. Vi trong tie'ng Han ph6' th6ng nguyen am [ 1] kh6ng xuilt hi~n sau z ,c ,S cho nen v~n milu "i" trong zi,ci,si nhilt dinh kh6ng d9c th8.nh [iJ. (=)"er"lOJLiti!J "er" and the retroflex. finals "er" v3. viin cuO'n lu'O'i

l. ~%~-flJ: Retroflex finals V(l.n mfrtt cuOn lu:di £ er 111 ' )t le j§-{!r :olc¥: :i<: e B<J m l!!I: ' ft Fc :(£ * j§- 'R 1£ 1£ 1: !!!! B<J Fol 111 :i<: if ' First put the tongue in the position for e, then when pronouncing er, slightly curl

up the tongue· tip . Try to pronounce the following: Khi phat am er, trUOc he't d;)t Iu:ai. d vj tri phat am e, sau d6 trong khi nang

cong Iu:ai Ien thi phat am. erzi son {!qT earphone ershi twenty ElrbOi two hundred

z"er"~XMB<i••M*lilt-~A~••oA~•B<J~RAtE••illzFc !m" r", ill'¥~ R!l>tE•ill '¥ZFc~ ~- JL"'¥ o (:ff 111& iiJ 1!f llfl'~) "er" fonns a retroflex syllable in combination with other finals . In transcription it is

shown by adding "r" to the original final. In written language it is represented by "JL "fol· lowing the original character. (Sometimes it can be omitted. ) Examples:

"er" khi kC"t h<;lp vai vB.11 k!-J.Uc t?o thanh vB.n cu6n lU:di. Cach vie't phien iim c6 viln cuOn lu:di Ia: them "r" vRo sau phfin vOn c6 cUa n6, c:ich vie't chU Han Ia t.hem "JL" vao sau chU H3.n nguyen gOc (c6 JU.c c6 th~ lu:t;.1e di, kh6ng them v3.o).

30

huar ( .!ii JL ) nar( 'il~ JL ) wanr ( bt) picture tranh 3.nh

where dau

play ch di

(i!Q)!ll-fi~~ Dividing mark Da'u ciich am

a , a , e 7f !*' B<i 10"1' i! ft :tE :It ft!! ff 1' !§' 00 B<i Bt ~ , ~u Jll ff 1' B<i JI. Jiil ~ 'E l!I: l!I , Ill Ill! ff :1'f "'} ( ' ) Ill! 7fo i1lJ ~u , Tian' an men

When a syllable beginning with a , O , e follows another syllable , it is desirable to use

a dividing mark(' )to clarify the boundary between the two syllables,e.g. TiOn'anmen

Khi a,o,e dllng dftu m9t am tie't lien Sau ngay m9t am tie't kh8.c, dti

tr8.nh nhiim ia.n khi ph8.t am c8.c am tie't, ph8.i dUng dAu c8.ch am (' ).

Thi d\l: Tian' anmen

§'<~~ Lianxi Exercises Bai ti}.p

( -) Pfii'f Tones Thanh dii?u

er er er er - - - -er,er JL,.::.. -son son son san ----son -sf Sf sr sl - - - - sl 'lE/

na n6 no na - - - - nor ,nor Jl]I JL, -»JI JL

WO w6 WO WO - - - - WO ~ huT hui huT hul - - - ----hui "'1

xue xue xue ----xue P.J. xue - - - or xlao xi Clo xiOo xiOo--- - - - - xiOo ~

zT Zi zl zl - - - - - - - zT,zl -f ,'f

( =) "'er";f;ll JLftfl "er" and the retroflex finals "er" va vAn cuOn lUdi

8rzi

qU nor

ershi

qu nar

erjf er duo

hua huar ylxiar

erbai

haowanr

<=ltitttt!tiit Pronunciation and tones Phan bi~t am, thanh di~u

zo co Sil ze ce se

zl cf sl zu co so

zon can son zOng cang sang

zen cen sen zeng ceng seng

zldiOn cidiOn si dian sl tiOn

zaijion caidian xiOnzOi blsai

zugu6 cujln caise ca ice

sUdU di Ill z6jl c6ineng

conzi sonzl songxing song xln

31

zu6tian canjia zulhou

cuOwU zengjiO sulhou

suoyl son bu dasao

zuoye yusan bt'.1 coo

(ml) iA ii Read and learn Nhiin bie't va tap doc chU Hitn . . . +~ ~~ £M~ ~JL •JL ~~~ *~JL *•JL *·~ *~~ **~ ··- ·-~ ·-~ ·-~ ·-~ ·-~ A: 1.t-*~JL? B: .t\w•~o it-W:fW? A: .t\:fWo .t\*~*flo B: .Jlt.~! A: .Jlt.~!

(.ti)~Jit~i6 Complete the dialogues Hoiln thilnh hC,i tho~i A: NT qu nor? B· . NT qu bu qu? A: Wo bu qu. W6 hul xuexiao. B· --------A: Zaijian!

B: W6 qu TiOn'anmen. NT qu bu qu? A:----------B, Zaijian! A: ____ _

( t\) jt~~~ Communication Hqi tho~i giao tie'p

32

I. i(1jtJijig. Classroom Chinese TU ngU thudng dU.ng tr&n ldp A: W6 wen, nimen hulda, hao ma? B: Hao!

A: Dul b4 dui? B: Dul le.

A: Doog\e mo?

B; D6ng le.

2. ftil :I&~ Asking about a place HOi d!a di~m

A: Qlng wen, bangong\6u zai nor?

B: ZOi nar.

A: Xiexie.

B: Bil keqi.

3. \EJ!ilJllJJL Asking about the day Hai (ngay) thu may?

A: Jintion xTngqT jl?

B: Jfntian xlngqlyl.

4. lT .l!l Ill' Greetings Chilo hoi

A: NT qu nor?

B: WO qu Tion'onmen.

5 . ~ t!H!l tf: Taking a taxi Di taxi

A: NT qu nor?

B: WO qu Gugang .

(-l:;)~ill'i' Learn to write Vie"tchuHim

..;. ..;. .. :::;.-·· ........... f···= ··+ --

·---~---- ----~---- .. __ :;: _____ ... :± ____ ---·-···-·-+· . ' ····+ ~ -t""'

.. ···•····+ .. , .. t . ' .. j

---···-----·--·-·------t·'··+·····•

-- ---····---- ----·•··-···t··· ,, ... '

······----- . •··· ··+ . ' ···t

·---~~----·- ~~1 .. -·"''!' ____ --~-- .. Ah-... --t·· ··~ -- ····· ··- -----·· ······ t . '·····l

33

. . ··~· I: n 1"1 ···rrr· ···t.1· ···iW·· + .. . . . ... ····· ..... ·····+··· • ····I

··~· - ··~···· if ¥ ··$;·· ··~·· ··~·· . . . ...

34

Lesson 5 .... ' ,.? , '

BAI5 DAY LA QUYEN SACH GI?

=-"W Kew en

A::i!. Jl .l.. ::t- 97 ' Zhe Shi Wang laoshT,

B: ft *f ! Nin hao!

C: 1$ *f ! Nin hoo!

A::i!. Jlff~ 4S? Zhe shl shenme shO?

B: :i!. fl tf j:_ ~ o

Zhe shi Zhongwen shO .

A : :i!_ fl ift ifiJ 4S ? Zhe shi shul de shO?

B : :i!_ Jl .l.. ::t" 9iji ifiJ ~ o

Zhe shi Wang laoshT de shO.

A: /lJ' Jl ff~ ~.t-? Na shl shenme zazhi?

(-)

:!!. zhe

Text Bai dqc

Jl ~~~o shi wo baba.

~" ' •• ~. f ~_:.::: __ .

..... -, -

3E

B:~k*X ffe,t,o i\Ja shl Yrngwen zdzhl.

A:~ kif! ~ ffe,t:? Na shl shul de zdzhl?

B: ~ k-ill. ~ ffe,t,o Na shl we de zdzhl .

~«~ Shengci New Words Tu moi

1. !!. (ft) zhe this (gia) d3.y,n3.y .. 2. ~ ( ;IJ) shl be(am,are, (thl) Ia

is,etc.)

3. :t- 1ifi (ii ) looshi teacher (!iio sli) th~y gi8o, cO giiio 4. ~ (ft) nfn you (nhti'.m, nin) chi, Ong, ba, cO,chU

5. 1t z. (ft) shenme wbat (th!in/th~p ma) gi, c8.i gi

6. ~ (ii ) shO book ( thu) s8ch

7. ifi (ft) shuf who (thuy) ai, chi m9i ngtidi . 8 ..••••• 3C. (ii) ...... wen written ( ... van) (chi mQt thU tie'ng)

"'x language

Zhongwen Chinese ( Trung van) tie'ngTrung

-*X. Yrngwen English (Anh van) tie'ng Anh

*X. Fa wen French (Phap van) tie'ng Ph8.p

-#11.X. twen Russian (Ngaviin) tie'ng Nga iFJJjl.lfj:_ · Xibanyawen Spanish (Tay ban nha van) tie'ngTay Ban Nha ~-"3C. Dewan German (Ditc van) tie'ngDUc

f"f .P:.1t!! k Alab6wen Arabic (Al~p ha van) ti~ngA.r~p ax Rlwen Japanese (Nh~t van) tie'ng Nb~t Biln 9. Ji~ (ft) na that (na) ~Y. d6, kia

36,

10. h..± ( 1';) zazhl (t~p chi) u;tp chi, !4P san 7f' '~ magazine

l l. -t- (fl:) Shi ten (th~p) mu di

12. El ( 1';) rl sun,day (nh~t) mi.it triri, ngay, hOm

13. A. ( 1';) ren man (nhii.n) ng\1iJi

~ ~ Zhuanmlng Proper Noun Danh tit riOng

WOng Wang, a surname VU'dng Vtidng (hQ)

a~\fil@l · YOyTn Phonetics NgU am

( - ) jb"Bj: Initials Thanh mi"u

zhchshr

<=>lllll!J: Finals V~n miiu

-i [ l l

( = )f#.fi Initial-final combinations

~ a e

zh zha zhe ch cha che sh sha she r re

an

zh zhan

ch ch an sh shan

r ran

-i

zhi chi

shi

ri

en

zhen

ch en

sh en

ren

ai ei ao OU

zhai zhai zhao zhou

choi choo chou

shai shei shoo shou rao rou

ang eng ong

zhang zheng zhong chang cheng chong shang sheng * rang reng rong-

37

~ u uo uo uai uei( ui) uon uen(un) uang

zh zhu zhua zhuo zhuai zhui zhuan zhun zhuang ch chu chua chuo chuai chui chuan chun chuang sh shu shua shuo shuai shui shuan shun shuang r ru ruo ruo rui ruan run

Notes Chu thich ( - ) !!ttf~~ Descriptions of articulation CB.ch phat run

zh [ cy J % 9" Iii ll!l , ;r; m "i: , Iii ¥ tll 'lf o % 9" 1:. ti; Ni f± IJI' '!'!Ii , "i: mt !A W 9" 'l IJI' '!'!Ii IBJ II ;it $ • ffil ili , I" 1lf 1' J1i\ ij/J o

Unaspirated voiceless post-alveolar affricate. The tip of the tongue is raised to the hard palate to form an obstacle. With a sudden separation of the tongue-tip and the hard palate the air is let out, with no vibrations of the vocal cords.

zh [ 1$] am dau luili qu~t, khOng b~i.t hdi, tile xat, trong, dftu luili tren cu9n ch~m vao ng~c cling, lu6ng hdi tU chO dftu luili va n~c cling ma sat dQt ngQt ra ngoai. Day thanh khOng rung.

ch [cy']%9'Foll!l,m"i:,llf¥•1fo )lt'lfllflf1I'l zh-f'f,f!3.'!l'm~o Aspirated voiceless post-alveolar affricate. Its position of articulation is the samf~ as

that of zh, but it is aspirated . ch [ 4>' ] am diiu Iuai qu{it, b~t hdi, t~c, xat, trong. Vi tri ph§.t am giCng "zh".

nhling cAn b~t m~nh hcri ra. sh [ ~ l % 9" Iii ll!l , Iii• 'If o % 9" 1:. ti; , ~iii IJI' '!'!Ii , "i: mt !A% 9" 'l IJI' '!'!Ii IBJ J!i! •

ffil ili 0 .... * ;r; J1i\ ii1J 0

Voiceless post-alveolar affricate. The tip of the tongue is raised to a position close to the hard palate. The air stream is relec.sed with a friction between the tongue-tip and the hard palate. The vocal cords do not vibrate.

sh [~] 3.rn cuOn Iuili, x§.t trong. Khi phiit am, phiin tren diiu Iuai cuQn lliti, ti€p c~n vOi ng~c c..:tng, lu6ng hdi tU khe gitr:a nglilc cling va diiu ludi ma sat ra ngoai. Day thanh khOng rung.

r ['I,] E 9" Iii 'i! , l!ll jj; if o ;It if llfl ($I "5 sh -f'f , f!3. Ji!: /!I( if o I" 'iil' J1i\ ij/J o Voiced post-alveolar affricate. Its position of articulation is the same as thal of sh,

but it is voiced, i.e. it requires the vibration of the vocal cords. r [:z,_] am diiu luai qui;it, am d1,1c, xat. Vt tri ph8.t am giOng "sh", nhung r la

am x8.t. d\lc. Day thanh rung.

( =) ~H} Final V~n rnli'u -i [\] zhi , chi , shi ,ri 'I' 8'J Jl:IJ Ht Ji!:%'!< Iii][, if [\], Ill'¥ Ht-i 'I< 7l' o i"I Ji IX i;<\ 111' ii!i iii

'I' [ i] ;r; ili !'il'E zh ,ch ,sh ,r Z.Fo ,!'Ji>:,( zhi ,chi ,shi ,ri 'I' 8'i i -JE 1''!1' &llt c 1 L 38

'fhe final in Zhi, chi, Shi. and ri is 1he post-alveolar vowel [ 'l] . It is represented by

the letter -i. Since [ i J never appears immediately after these initials, the i in zhi, chi, shi

and ri should not be pronounced as [ i J . V~n m~u clla "zhi, chi, shi, ri" la nguyen am [ l] sau d~u luOi, th~ hi~n bilng chU

c8.i "i". Vi trong tie'ng Han ph6 th6ng, [ i] khOng xuat hi~n sau "zh, cb, sh, r", cho nen

v~n m~u "i" trong "zhi, chi, shi, ri" nhat dinh kh6ng du'.c;k: dQC th3.nh [ i ].

'"" ~aiJ ~,.' Lianxf Exercises Bai t~p

( -))lf~ Tones Thanh miiu

zhe zhe zhe zhe - - - - zhe ;!.

shi shi sh! shl c shi ,shl -t,k

shO shU shO shU shO ~

zhT zhl zhT zhl - - - - (za)zhi ( !#) .t,

shuf shul shui shul - - - - shul -if! shT shi shi shl - - - - (lao)shT( :t-) ;iji

ren ren ren ren - - - - ren A.

<:=>llH'fN$~ Pronunciation and lones Phiin biet 3.m, thanh dieu . . zhi chf shi ri zhe che she re

zhOn ch an shan ran zhOng chong shang rang

zhen ch en shen ren zheng cheng sheng reng

za zho ca cha Sa sha

ze zhe ce che se she

zl zhi ci chi Si shi

s\sh\ shis1 xiOxi xiOoxi

zhfdao chidao zhencheng zhenzheng

Changcheng chongzhang Zhongwen chOngten

ch9zhbn qixian chontian qiOtiOn

chengnidn qTngnidn chuanshang chuongshang

shfwOng xfwOng shangxin xiOngxin

zhTji shijT shSngll jfnglT

sh9nghu6 1Tnggu6 shangdiOn jiOnmiOn

39

renshi llnshl renll rlll

<=>ikil Read and learn Nh~n bie't vit t~p d9c chfi Hiln - - I!!/ Ji_ - -l!.:>t.

"' j:_ 4S

A: l!.Jt. ft Z. 'IS ? B : l!. ,{_ if' j:_ 'IS o

A: RJI,{_ ft Z. ~ .t,? B : RJ1 ,{_ *. j:_ #< ,t, o

A: l!.Jt.#t~'IS?

RJI ,{_

B: l!.:>t.£;t-9;p~ ;fS o

A : RJ1,{_1ft ~ tJ< .t,? B: RJI,{_~ ~ #< .t, o

( l!!I) tffl Substitution Thay the' 1. A: Zhe shl shenme shu?

B: Zhe shl ZhOngwen sh~ .

2. A:NO shl shenme zazhl? B: No shl Yfngwen zOzhl.

40

* -b , ...... -Jr.,

*j:_;?<;t 1ft

zOzhl ZhOngwen cldian Yrngwen boo WOiwen dltll Zhonggu6

-t :t- 9iJi

cldian Yfngwen huObOo ZhOngwen shu. HOnyil dltu shljie

3. A:Zhe shl shul de shO? B: Zhe shl Wang IOoshT de shO .

4. A:NT qu nor? B, wo qu shltang .

Zhao jiaoshau

Lin IOoshT

Bai daitu

Chang xiaozhOng

hul sushe

qCr xuexiOo qu ylnhang

qu yOuju

qu tushOguOn

(li)j,C~~J8 Communication

I. =l"!iiA What's this/that

HQi tho1:ti giao tie'p

xac nh~n A: Zhe shi shenme shO?

B : Zhe shl ZhOngwen shO .

A: Na shl shenme cldiOn?

B: Na shi Yingwen cldiOn.

2. Jr-tIJ Introducing People GiOi thi¢u

A, Zhe shl Wang IOoshl. LOoshT, zhe shl wo de pengyou Maike. B:Nln hOo.

c ~ NTmen hOo .

( t\) '!i& ¥ Learn to write Vie't chU Han

• . +--~···+ ···-· ------ ... --- - -- .- .•. -.... , ..... '. . t

k / ···· k+·'··· ....... ,., .......... . . '

•

•

•

•

- --_... . -. . -....... --- -- ., .. ' ... ,

41

-'f -- ' - ---rh--- -<!7 'f- -----·----- ------ ----1 - ·--+- ' - -+ -• -- - - -. • - -• - •• 1· - - - - - ' - - - •••

• f - •-+--•--f --• I- •-+---• - +-----···-··-

-----·------·····-+·- ------·------

------------

--JC -- ---"'--- _ __g,_ - .JjL --_ff - -Jf JC

- ---·----+-•--+- '- I

ffe J _______ Ji., -- iJ,,. * . ~ ffe 1--- •---+-----·---+ ---•----- -- --· - - .

± - -+ -*- * -*- *- .. ± .. - •··--· I~ ' IY, 1..:.. I~

+ -- _,_ - +- _, .... -----·-----

•

--.ft----4t; --4- 4' --4':" -- --4-t--- ,{¢ --~--,__,. • : :

&9 09 ~ ~ (? - .. ::: T!!1 JP_ - -~ (7 w 0 '1

-1'; ..c '"" it. + '

42

.. "'

·•1. lr~ 1}UI a I o I e • o f o f e f ~

b lbolbo

P I pa IP"

m lmalmolme

' I 10 I lo

d I do " " "

n I no "' '" "

I I ;:a '" c I co "' s I so "" lh ltha Jhe

ch lcho che

sh lsha ;he

"

l'J.. i~ ilf :iili iti Jtr it~ m it* INITIAL-FINAL COMBINATIONS IN STANDAHi> CHINESE COMM(lN SPEECH

BANG Kf:'.T llOP ,\M Gfl-fA THANH l\.tAll V ,\ V~N 1\1,\tr Tlf".NG HAN PH() TH(>NG

-1 I er I 01 I e1 00 °" "'' en I ang I cng 1-00Q I -1 -10 l-100 I -te I ·lu I ·>on I -1n l·iangl -1ng f-1angl -u I -JO I -uo 1-uao I -ui 1-uar I -~~ -uong

er f 01 I e1 f ao f au f nn f en f org f eng

ba1 I be1 I boo ban I ben lborglbeng h; b1aol b1e b•onl bin bing "" poi I pe1 I pao I pou I pan I pen lpa~gloeng P' p1ao1 pie p•on[ pin ping P"

lmoilmeil moo I mou I man I men ~anglmeng ...,; lm1onl 1~1r· I m:u lrnionl m1n ~•ng m" 1e1 Jou I +on I fen I fang I feng '"

dai I de• I doo I dou J don ) den lda1g)aeng)dongl d1 d'1ol die I d<e. ld1on ding '" '"" du1 ]duool dun

'" tao I lou I ion tangltengltongl 11 hoo I !1c lian :irg '" '"" l•Jt I •uan I tun

nail ne• I noo I nou I non I ne1 lnanglnenglnongl n1 n1aol 01e I ntu lnionl nin r1ongjn1ng "" """ nuon

Im / lei I klO I lou I Ian lang/:eng/lo~g/ 11 /ho /1100/ 110 / 11u /loon/ ~n /11ong/l1ng '" '"° luon / lun

" zo•l zei I zoo 1 zou] zon I Len lzonglLenglzocg '" WO zu1 tzuanl zun

d '"' coo I cou I con I cen lconglcenglcoog '" '"" cu1 lcuon I cun

" "' soo I sou I san I seo lsu"glsenglsong '" '"' su1 ls11onl sun

Jh< hmlzhedzhoo I zhou lzhon I zhen k~unglzheng\lhongl zhu lzhualzhuo\1-huoil zhu1 khuonl zhun j ,huong

'"' "' choo I chou lcho~ I er.en bhr111rkhengfhon· chu lchuolchuo bhuo~ chu1 phuanl chun j ~huong

"' \sho1isheilshao I shou I shon I Shen !she 1mJlshcng shu lsruo!shuobhurnl sh~• bhuanl shur. I ohuong

roo I rou I <an I ren lmnglrenglrong ru lrua lruo ru1 r 1uon I run

q I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I '' I '" I''° '" '" '"" " jO"g ''"' '

0

"' q1 qJo q100 q1c qou q;an q,n mn qing ion\

xi I "a l"ool •·CI x1u lx1anl xin lxiangl.inglxiongl

g /go g; ga1 /gei I goo Igou I gon /gen /gong/gengffiong gu /gca /guo/gua./ gu1 /guon/ gun/ guang

k I ko ,, krn Ike• I koo I kou I kbn I ken lkonglkeng lkor.g ku I >ua I kuo I kum I k~i lkua1 I kun I ~uong

h I ha h; ho· I he1 I hoo I hou I hon I hen ltianglheng )honn ru I t'"a I ruo I h~m I hui lhuon I hun I huang

Y I ya ye yoo I you I yon yang lyong I Y1 y•n y1ng

w lwa\wo wa1lwe1 wan I 'Nen riongrieng ""

-~ I ·ue 1-ua~l-un

nu I nue

hJ / lue

IU J 1ue ).'uQll) jun

qu I que t:iuonlqun

xu / xuc j):.uonlx~n

yu I yue b'uonl yun

• 1' 1- ~~£~~IP Lesson 6 BAI 6 DAY LA. THAY G:cAo VUONG

9: >.J- Review( 1) Bai on t~p 1

'=~W Kewen Text Bai d 9c * _;t : :i!. A:_ .£ :t- !lip 0

Zhe shl Wang laoshT.

:t- !lip ' :i!. A:_ ~ LaoshT, zheshl w6

Mh.o pE'lngyou.

~ lffl : :t- !}ip :kt ! Laoshl hao!

:t- !lip : 1;f.1fl :kt ! ~x. iff. Nrmen hao ! Huanylng

1.f.1110* !!.,it ±o nlmen. Qingjln, qlngzuo.

1;f.1fl •3,1 • ?!. J L 1t Z. ? Nlmen he dianr shE'lnme? * _;t : ~ •3,1 <Wu "41' 0

W6 he kafei.

~ lffl : .A •3,1 :ft 0

W6 he cha.

:t- !lip : * ~ ! Qlngba!

44

~ x. -i*l--i*l- ! llJi ail : Xiexie !

~~~ Shengcf New Words Tumoi

1. JIJl ~ (i;) pengyou friend (b~nghuu) b\J.n, h\ln be

2. 1.r.111 (ft) nTmen you(pl.) ( nhI m6n) d\li tU ng6i thU: hai: anh, chi, Ong, ba, ...

3. ~x. :i€f. ( lJIJ ) huanylng welcome ( hoan nghenh) hoan nghenh, (cha.a d6n, d6n ch8.o)

4. 1t. ( lJIJ) zuo (to~) ,.

sit ngo1

5. •!] ( lJIJ ) he drink (hiit) ~ uong

6. ,i?,JL <•) dianr a little ( di~m nhi) m{;t chUt

7. ohP 11f- ( i;) kafei coffee (ca phi) c3phe

8. :ft (i;) cha tea ( tra) che, tra

9. -e. ( JliJ ) ba (a modal particle) (ba) th6i, di, nao, nhe, ...

-\'4!1 Zhuonmfng Proper Nouns Danh tit rieng

1. ~x. Maike Mike (M~ch kh~c) Mike

2. J~ ail Mall Mary (Ma l~l Mary

a~~ Lianxr Exercises Bai t~p

<-lM~Jl!l!J Identify the initials Phan bii?t thanh milu

ban pan don tan Qan kan ben pen dang tang geng keng j(an qi an xi an jiong qiang xiang ju qu XU jin qin xin

zi ci Si zhi chi shi zu cu SU ze ce Se

zhe che zhon chan zhang chang shu ru shan ran shang rang zan zhan ca cho zhu chu

45

zai zhai coo chao chuan shuan zong zhong cu'1 chui zhuan ruan

< = HJHJUi!JJ!J Idenrify the finals Phan bi~t v~n miu ban bang ben beng dun dong pan pang fen feng tun tong

jian jiang pin ping huan huang lion liang min ming guan guang qi an qiang xin xing chuan chuang xi an xiang jin jing zhuan zhuang

(_)J;ttftJt-j,Vf Pronunciation and tones Phan bi~t 8-m, thanh di~u zljT

chengzon sishi

dasan

senlin

zOjl

zhTjT

canguan shlshi

dashon

shenti

zazhi

cUn qi6n z6ngyao

ClJT

qTngzao

z0gu6

shuljiOo

chOntian zh6ngyao

sTF

qTngsao sOshuO

shuldao

( I!Q) ~il'i Modulations of tones Bien di~u

I. co "' 'll: 00 Modulations of the 3rd tone St;t bie'n di~u ciia thanh thU ba jiOndOn hOibiOn hOixian haochT biaoyang ganjue jiancha IUxing yOfO changzhang biaoyan keyT bTsOi dengdai bi Doshi ganxie erduo sOngzi yTzi nOinai

2 . " Of' " (!<) 'll: i)!J

bO chT Modulations of "~"'" Bie'n di~u ciia "~"

bu he bu shuo bO duo bu 1ai bO xing bu t6ng bu neng bO mOi bu Ieng bu dO bu hao bu bai bu qu bu mai bu g6u

(fi.)JLftft!J Retroflexed syllables Vg_n cuOn IttOi er xi6oh0ir h6ow6nr meishlr liOotiOnr yidiOnr yixiOr yihulr yikuOir

46

y6udi6nr

qUnOr changger yanjlngr mlngpair

ql1nOr zOinOr zOinOr

(:>'>)~)ti The neutral tones Thanh nh~

gaode cfide nande nUde

baide h6n9de !Ude renao

taiyang yueliang benzi jiOozi

(-I:;) %Jilt ~Ji'i Complete the dialogues

A: Mlngtian nl qO n6r?

Hoan th8.nh biti h{>i tho~i

B: ____ _

A: ?

B: WO he cha.

A: Ta shl shul?

B: Ta shl __ _

shOdian ylnhang

y6uju xuexiOo

kafei pljiu

niun6i kale

Wang laoshT

w6 mama wo t6ngxue

wo baba

wo gege

w0 jiejie

(A)~~~i8 Communication H(}i tho~i giao tiCp

~W Expressing gratitude Cilm dn

A: QTng he cha .

B: Xiexie.

A: Bu keqi.

(:IL)'!ii'.ll.'f' Learn to write Vie't chit Han

•

··#;·· Ji.... ·fr . ·-0··· # #; ······+· .•..• ----- -···· ··--·+·•···+·. l

• - ------ ... ··~·· ". Ji. ··'.it····· ··~·· : . .

47

·---- ···--·--·· ' - + . ·- j---·-·------

& ··-~-·- ··/'-·· --~ - &+--·,··l -···-t··-·-·l-·-···-·t-··-l ·'·-+

. . t - .,.·---t·----i----- -----L----+ - ., ... t··-·-i--··· i - -, ---·I : :

- _j._ - - .. :)it: _ .. :j/:.. .. ···~·· - ···--·-···

1Af' f .,

1~ 11 11-1· ..

Lesson 7 • K •

BAf7 TOI HQC TIENG HAN

=>«W Kewen Text Bai d9c

k>t.: * i',;J ' f~ 1t -kl? QTngwen, nfn gul xlng?

fL'.iJ;:~ -k£. fL'.o W6 xlng Zhong .

k>t.: 14: "~ 1t z. A;~? NI jiao shenme mlngzi?

fL'.iJ;:~ 1'~ fL'. ;j;o W6 jiao Zhong Dong .

k x. : 14: ;It_ P/J~ 00 A? NT shl na gu6 ren?

fL'.iJ;:~Jt.tfOO Ao W6 shl Zh5nggu6 ren .

14: ;It_ P/J~ 00 A? NT shl na gu6 ren?

:kJt.: ~ Jt. k 00 Ao W6 shl Meigu6 ren .

n~. ;t, : 1.r. &¥ >J 1t z. ? NT xuexl shenme?

:kJl.:~ &J!>J l5li.fo W6 xuexl Hanyo .

49

5R it : ix. 1% >t{t •!!i ? HanyO nan ma?

:l >t : iX. ~ 1~ ;;t{t ' i(_ ~ T- *- )tjt 0

Hanzi hen nan, foyTn bu tai nan.

Shengcr New Words Tumoi

I. * f"l qing wen Excuse me (thinh van) xin h6i

2. 11*1 gul xlng May I know your name? ( qu)r tinh) qu.Y danh

3. #(;ILZ) xlng name, family name (tinh) hq

4. ·'l ( ij:/j ) jiao call, name (khie'u) g9i, keu

5. ~ ~ <ZJ mfngzi name ( danh tl)) ten

6. ·JJ~ (ft) no which (nil) n8.o

7. l!l <ZJ gu6 country, nationality (quoc) nu'Oc, da't nu&:

tf l!l . Zhonggu6 China (Trung qu6C) n1.t6c Trung Qu6c

k l!l M8igu6 the United States (My quoc J nuac My

* l!l Fagu6 France (Philp quoc J nude Phftp

])t~ YTnggu6 Britain (Anh quoc) ntidc Anh

1:t l!l Degu6 Germany (Due quoc) nu'Oc Dile

El ;f.. t!J Rib8ngu6 Japan (Nh$.t b8n qu&) nude Nh$.t Ban

8. ,>!!. >] CJ- > ( z) xuexr study (hqc t~p) hQC t$.p, h9c ,>!!. CJ- ( ij:/j ) xue s!udy, learn (hqc) hc;ic t(lp, hQC

9. iX.~ (4;) HOnzi Chinese characters (Him tl)) chUH§.n

10. i(_~ (i;) fOyTn p_ronu1;ciation (ph8.t iim) ph§.t am

~ ~ Zhuonming Proper Noun Danh tu rieng

~-R ff; ZhOng OO_ng Zhang Dong name of a person (Trtidng D6ng) Tru:dng D6r1g

50

~«00 Zhushl Notes Chu thich

( - ) .P !!ii AfJfJ Id; ,g The names of Chinese Hq ten ngliili Trung Qufic

<P llLI>. tl'J ~ '¥ 5t tt l1l ~ jllj 1!110- , tt t£ 1liJ , ~ t£ Fc , tt $1'.I -1- Ill '¥ , 01> Ii: 1:1 jl/j 1- Ill "' ; ~ • j!lj 1- Ill ~ tl'J ' 1ll. • -1-& "' tl'J 0

The name of a Chinese person has two parts: the family name and the personal. or

fiISt name. The family name alway a comes before the personal name. Most family nam.es consist of one character; a few have two. Personal names can be of one character or of two characters .

Ten cUa ngUCri Trung QuOC g6m hai ph;in: hQ va ten, h9 dllng tntOc, ten dUng sau,

thOng thudng hq c6 mQt chft Hitn, mQt sO it gOm hai chU; ten gOm hai chU Hiin, cilng

c6 th~ Ia mQt chU Han.

tt .t i 1.j\ 00 Wang W~igu6

* it. Zhang Dong

\fJ * Tian Fang

<=)Jltld;· May I ask you< (family )name? Quy danh

iliJ fiil tt .t st Ill tl'J l!ifU$ , This is a very polite expression used to ask a person about his/her name .

Day 13- each n6i l\ch sl.j. khi hOi hQ ten.

@)«lfil@j YOyTn Phonetics Ngii' am

iillfrtf(l) Word stress(!) Trqngamtit

&•a•Y•lll••Y•<Pa•-1-•~•••-•.•1-•••~~~ •••,*•5t•ti<J•et£fiFc-1-eY~.*~lll·~~mm·a···~· .. ,

In a disyllabic or multisyllabic Chinese word there is usually one syllable that is stressed. This syllable is called the stressed syllable. For most won!s, the stress falls on the

last syllable. In this book the stress is indicated by "6" below the syllable.

Trang tU song am tie't hol;lc da am tie't tie'ng Han bao gid cfrng-c6 mQt am tie't d<;>c

n~ng hdn, am tie't nhu vl}y gQi 18. tn;ing am tU. H3.u he't tl'Qng 3.m cUa tU roi vao am tie't

cuOi cling, dudi day sti dv.ng D.. d$.t du& am tie't d~ chi tr<?ng am tU.

Hanyu tayln 4 4

xfngq T dOxu e 4 4

Yingyu 4

wenhua 4

51

52

§«~~ Lianxf Exercises Bai t~p Phonetics NgU tlm

l. ytl}-m;y;ij Pronunciation and tones Bie'n fun bifln di~u daxue

YingyO

RlyO

2. - JE~iJJ

qing chT

hen nan

hen Ieng

hen da

hao ma

do xue

yTnyue

lly(J

xuexr xueqT

Fayo tanyl

yOn jiO yOnjiO

Modulations of the 3rd tone Bie'n di~u cU.a thanh ba qfng he qfng ting qTng shuo Mn mdng hen h6ng hen teng

hen ke meihaa shoubiaa

wo pa Mn man hen e xiOo ma laa de shoo le

3 . ~ fE The neutral tone Thanh nh~

zhu6zi

lidngkuai

dong ma

w9ile

duOshao zdnmen

Ieng ma

tongkuai

duome

mOfan

zenme

daifu

qlngchu

mfngzi

nuOnhuo

taidu

4. fljiJJ*fte Collocations of tones Ph6i hQ'p thanh di~u

k0f8i teijT xTngqT gOngiTn

xTnwen yaoqiU qTngniOn kexue

gangbi heibOn tTngxi~ gOngl'i

fOnyl tianql ganjlng gaoxlng

tam en xiOxi dOngxi xiaoxi

<=)JHl~fiill! Answer the questions Trlt IOi c8.u hOi

1. NT jiOo sh9nme mfngzi?

2. NT shl na gu6 ren?

3. NT xu9xf sh9nme?

4.HOnyU nan ma?

(=)jcfit~~ Complete the dialogues Hoitn thitnh biti dilm tho~i

A· •

B, W6 xlng Zhang .

A: ?

B, W6 jiao Zhang Dong.

A: ?

B, WO shi Zhonggu6 ren .

A: ?

B , WO xuexi Hanyo .

A: ?

B, FayTn bu tai nan, Hanzl bu r6ngyi.

( ilQ)iA~ Read and learn Nh\\n bie't va t\\p d\)C chu Him

A~k~.A~~~A.A•~~-.~-~£•~* *, i5l~11l •• ~·~ii'. 1J; , -ft!!.~ if~ A, -ft!!..~ ~i.g. a

(Ii) je~~~ Communication H«)i tho{li giao tie'p

1. WJ fill tt;g Enquiring about names HOi hQ ten

A: Gul xlng?

B, wo xlng Wang, wo jiao Wang Weigu6.

NT jiOo sh9nme mfngzi?

A, wo jiao Maike.

53

2. fr P}f Asking ahout someone

A: Ta shl shul?

B: Ta shl wang laoshi.

Tham dO

3 . § ;!JG ft rtl Introducing oneself Ttf giOi thi~u

A, wo jiao Maike.

WO shl Meiguo ren.

WO shl liuxuesheng.

4. fiiJ @I ti Asking about someone' s nationality HOi qu6c t!ch

A: NT shl na gu6 ren?

B: WO shl Zhonggu6 ren .

(t\)°!i&* Learn to write ViCt chli Hiln

. : .... ,

• , --·~ --- ---~ --- ---~ -- -·P.:·-· --*-- --~---, . , .. ,. , . ,

• ···:tJ ... j .. ·v :tJ •

•

~ ,, ... ··~··· -;% ... ··~···

~ -* .. . . .. .. . ...

54

·---- -·-·· ·----

··--- -----· ·-·-

.. ~ 1" ··~·· ··-t·· ··-!··+ ...... , .,.· .... ,

* .+ ... ff if & * ·········· ········ ...... ·········'·····'···' ··~··· t ····~····· ~ ... .$;,. .. ··~·· + ········ .: ....................... j .... , .... j

l!l + ····· fl m m m ~ l1l ·® ····· ····· ····· ···· '·····'·····'

55

jjl" )\ ill! 1fJ\UZ:tt~ Lesson 8 BAl.s B~ANCAIGi?

=«W Kewen Text Bai dc;ic

( ;ft ~ '.i'. )

:!: Jt : 'f -t- 1.f, 1- '9JJI J L vt 12t.? Zhongwu nT qu nor chT fan?

~fiil:~ 1' 1'-1'.'a wa qu shltang.

(;ft1;-'.t)

:!:Jt: 1.r. vt ft~? NT chT shenme?

~jffi: ~ ..t, if.#<-a W6 chT mdntou .

-kJt: 1.t- ~ JL+? NT yoo 1T ge?

~ fiil : - + a 1:T- ..t, •l!,, ? YI ge. NT chT ma?

kJL: ~ Pt, a ~ •t *-12lo 1,f- ·~ ft~? Bu chT. W6 chT mlfon. NT he shenme?

~ fiil : ~ ~ - .f;i '-~ -J: iiJ a 1.f, ~ •l!,, ? W6 yoo yl wan jfdan tang. NT he ma?

:!:Jt.:~ •~a~·~ ~il!io Bu he. wo he pljiu .

56

l!.!; ilfi : ~ J!_I:. it_ 1+ z. ? Zhe xie shi shenme?

:i:_ Ji, : ~ it_ i~ -r- 0 }]~ it_ ~ -r- 0

Zhe shi jioozi . No shi baozi .

':::~i~ Shengci New Words Tu moi

I. t-t-2. Pt, 3. 1;l,l 4. ~-1: 5. *-* 6. *-1;l,l

*-7. ~ 8 1--9. ~

10. ~~~ 11. )f}

12. ~illi 13 (- )~

15. i~ -r-

( 41 ) zhongwO noon ( trung ng9) bu6i tru'a ( l;jJ) ch! eat ( ng~t) an, uOng ( 41 ) fan meal ( ph(.ln) cdm, bUa cdm ( 41 ) shltong dining hall ( tht1c dtldng) nha an

( 41 ) montou mantou (man d3u) b8.nh ha'p

( '1l ) mTfan

('1;) ml

( l;jJ) yao

(Ji) ge

(41) wan

( 41) jTdim

( 41) tang

( 41 ) pijiO

(Ji) (yi)xie

( ti:) zhexie

(ti:) naxie

( 41 ) jiaozi

(steamed bun)

steamed rice (mi ph1;1n)

nee (m~)

want, desire ( ye'u)

(a quantifier) (ca)

bowl (uy~n)

egg ( ke diin)

soup

beec

some

these

those

( thang)

( ti tliu)

( nhit ta)

(giata)

(niita)

;uwzt ( gi3.o ti't)

(dumpling)

com

g~o

muo'n, can

c8.i, con ...

cii hat, bat

tritng g3.

nttOc, canh

bia

mQt s6, mQt ft,

nhUng

nhUng ... nay

nhii:ng ... fly,

nhUng ... dO

16. ~-r- (41) bOozi ba-OZi ( bao tli)

b8.nh bQt nhan thit (biinh cheo)

b8.nh bao

17. dii-$-JL <41> miOntiOor noodles ( mie'n dieu nhi) mi sqi

57

Zhushl Note Chu thich

"-"B{j~irf Modulations of"-" Sy'bie'n di~u cUa "-"

~iOJ .. - "a<J * 00 Ji!:l!>-"' • :fE>l'-!!ll~ '~~;,!l;~~~llt. ~*ii!! 0

" - " a<J £ ii ll< ll'i Fci ilii ii 11" a<J I" 00 illCJl: , " - " Fci ilii a<J ii 11" Ji!: JI> - , = , "' i" at ... - "iltllltll> 11!1 i", " - "li'i ilii a<i ii 11" Ji!:l!> 11!1 i" at." - "ilt llltl!> =I", 17iJ ~n ,

The basic tone of the numeral" - "is the I st tone . When read alone, or in counting or in numbers. its basic tone is used .

The tone of " - "may vary with the tone of the syllable that comes after it : if fol­lowed by the lst,2nd or the 3rd tone, "-"is pronounced as the 4th tone;if it is followed by a 4th tone, it is pronounced as the 2nd lone. e.g.

Thanh di~u g& clla s6 tU "_____!'Ia thanh thU nha't, khi n6 dqc rieng re, de'm sO, dqc sO thl dqc gill nguy€n thanh di~u.

Thanh di~u ell.a "_____!' dtic;lc thay d6i dt;ta viio thanh di~u clla 3.m tie't di lien sau n6. Ne'u thanh di~u clla 3.m ti~t sau "_____!' 18. c<ic thanh 1, 2, 3 thi "_____!' d9c thclnh thanh thU tu'.. Khi 8.m tie't sau .. ____:• 18. thanh 4 thi "_____!' thi dc:;>c thanh thanh thU hai. Thi dl,l:

yibon yiyu6n yi ben yi ge ylshi yl niOn yidiOn yi jiOn

~ = c= •D 0 = ooo ~ ~9c=::)

Lianxf Exercises Bai t~p

(-)ilf'& Phonetics Ngftiim

!. f!tiif!til!I Pronunciation and tones

t6u shou bl yon jl ya niU yang tan G0i gua ch6 rou don tang yon

58

Phan bi~t am, thanhdi~u kou gou nOi jiU

m6ntou

jfdan do che

ndnshOu

qi tian

dache

bOozi

shubao

nali

paozi

shubao

nali

2. i!:'il,, ;tw; Multisyllabic liaison Dqc lien nhieu am tie't chi m6ntou chi mianbao chT dangao he kcfei he niUnOi he pljiu

3 . " - " 8'.J '!): illil Modulations of "~ " Bie'n di~u cUa yl feng yl tian yl zhang yl bian yl ceng yi hui yl jie yl nidn yl ben yl dian yl ba yl chang yr 90 yr ke yr liang yi ban

The neutral tone Thanh nh~ 4. 1£j!i daozi

wOzi

chOzi sh6ozi kuOizi jiOnzi

hezi zhu6zi yTzi guizi

chT

he

" "

jiOozi

cha

5. }ti" ill] ff AC Collocations of tones

tangjicn

mlngniOn

niUnOi

y6upiao

biede

mlngtion niOnqTng

Ph6i hQp thanh di~u

gu6jic hulda jlhe liUxue

pljiu y6uy6ng menkou bu yao cidOi xlguan pengyou juede mat an

<=>ihil Read and learn Nh~n bie't vit t~p d9c chit Han

~~ ~~* ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~*~ ~- ~~ ~4• ~~ ~-*· tt~• tt~~ tt~A tt~~~ tt~~~

<=>tm~liiJI! Answer the questions Tri IOi c3.u hOi 1. NT qil nor chT tan?

2. Zhe shl shenme?

3. Na shl shenme?

59

4. Naxie shl shenme? 5. NT chi shenme? 6. NT chl 11 ge?

(l!Q)7l5,li1t~JB Complete the dialogues Hoan thilnh bili dilm tho{li A: _________ ?

B: wo qu shrtang chT fan . A: ?

B: Zhe shl mantou. A: ?

B: Na shl baozi .

A: ?

B : Naxie shl jiOozi. A: ?

B : WO chT mantou .

A: ? B: WO chl yl ge.NT Chl ma? A: , wO chl . NT he tong ma? B, He. W6 yao yl ge 11 don tang. NT he shenme? A: WO he~~~~~~-

(Ii) ~l'i~i8 Communication HQi tho{li giao tie'p

60

I. ~ ~ Ordering dishes A: NT chl shenme?

B: W6 chT mTfan .

A: NT he shenme?

a, W6 he pljiu .

2. f:iil "What's this?"

(li"lllfiil~)

A: i!>l. tr Z.? B: i!>l. ___ o

G9i m6n an

xac nh~n

/ Q CJ . . ~

a{ a JC~] lilff[~

~.y !Ji: il i;J~ -'f *11. kuOizi wan shO cldian shou]T

4' )' 1f. ti£ ~ t-*11. t~

son qlche dianshl luyTnJT diannao

(:R)1i&.¥ Learn to write Vie't chU Hiln

t ·' ·I · ' · t ··· '.· ···

+ ~ !··+·····•····· •

: • + _, . + . , .......... ·--

···-!k·· ·: <, ··-~·- ···.f-·· * ..... ····+ .. ,. + .............. . : !

f • ' • +-··--····---

·-~·· ... ... .,,! ... . .. ,,!- . ··~··· .... , .. + . ,• .

·'*' A ... A . 4' .. -4--.. -·4'-. -'t 1-" 1t . ··1:·· ' ·l

•

61

~-+--+--+---+~+-+---+-~-.-+-~.~-+-~-t---r--;--1 ... e,. . "''····· ~. ···~··· ···~···· ·e:. ··· • I ·········I· · '··· f ; ..... • .....

• ifl· - .... >t.... ,r 0 m m m m ifl . .

62

1fl~~ff~Y.~ Lesson 9

MQT CAN TAO BAO NHIEU TIEN? BAf9

=~W Kewen Text Bai d9c

A:1:7- ~ 1t~? NT mai shenme?

B:JF:*- - .If ? '.Y ~? Plnggu6 yJ jin duoshao qion?

A:ll!l~o SJ kuai.

B: 11!1 ~? ;k_ ~ Jo .E.. ~ Ji. -e,o SJ kuai? Tai guJ le. San kuai wu ba.

A: 1;f. ~ Jt.. Jf? NT yao jT jin?

B:~ ~Ji. lfo W6 mai wu fin .

A: J£ ~ )l•) if.] 9~? Hai yao biede ma?

B: ~ -'f ? '.)!' ~~ - Jf ? Juzi duoshao qion yJ fin?

A:Pi9 ~ Ao Uong kuai wu.

B: ~ Pi9 Jf o - ~ ? '.Jt' ~? Yaoliang JTn. YlgOng duoshao qion?

A:-~ .::...-t.::... ~ Ji...(.{.) 0

Ylg6ng ershl'er kuai wu(moo).

63

1b w,.. - -t - ,~ •"' •J' -o - - ""1C. w 0 NT gei ershi' er kuai ba. w,.. i" ,!,1' B: -1:7 •J' ,~ o Gei nl qian.

A : :J!. Jl Ji. T , ~ ff, .::.. T i\.. Jk o Zhe shl wushf, zhaa nfn ershfbo kuai.

~~~ Shengcf New Words Tu moi

I. ~ 2 . .:f: *-3. 4\ 4. lT

-"'-5 . .!il

6. i ~y

( i;IJ) mai

( '8 ) pingguO

('8) qian

(:I; ) 1Tn

01') gul

(ft) duoshao

01') duo

01') shoo

buy

apple

money

jin( l/2k,.)

expensive

how much,

how many

many,much,

more

few, little, less

7 . ;tk: ( :liJ: ) 8. ~(-t,) (:liJ:)

kuOi yuan, kuai

jiao (moo) jia-0 ( mao)

9. .ft- (:lit) fen

10. iJfJ (~0 liang

11. ;/j!j -f' ( '8) j(Jzi

12 . .i£ 13. tJ1J ary

( l!IJ) hai

(ft) biede

14. - .l,I:;. ( l!tl ) yigong

1s. Us (i;/J) gei

16 . .t\ ( i;IJ) zhao

64

fen

two

orange

also, in addition

other

altogether

give

give change

(mih)

(binh qu<i)

(ti@n)

(can)

(quy)

(da thiliu)

(da)

( thi~u)

(kh6i)

mua

quii t:io

ti en nlta (1/2 kg) can

dit

bao nhieu

nhieu

it

d6ng, d6ng b;;i.c

[ giitc (mao)) hito

(phi\n)

Ouang)

(quat hl)

(ho<'ln)

(bi~t dich)

XU

2

c:iy quit, qucl quit.

cam gia'y

van, cOn, v§.n cOn

c3i khiic

(nha't c9ng) tat ca, t6ng cQng

(cip) cha, dua cho ( tr8.o) tr3. li;i.i. thOi lcy.i

:j.~ 3't: ~ jjij Buchong shengcl Supplementary New Words Tit mm bb sung

1. ~ il( ( ~) xiangjioo banana (hlidng tieu) chuOi

2. ilii ;j(j ( ~ ) pOtao

3. i!fi ~ (~) xlgua

;i•I 4. ~

5. ~t

6. ~·

(~) II

(~) tao

(~) coomei

grape (b6dao) nho

watennelon(tay qua) dtta hfiu

pear (ly) cay le, qua le

peach ( dilo) cay dao, qua dao

strawberry ( th8.o m6i) quii dau t3.y, cay dau tay

7 . /J::.. lf (ti:) gOngjTn kilogram ( c6ng cftn) kil6gam

E!~OO Zh1:Jshl Note Chu thich

· · · · · · ~ The modal particle "UEi" Tr<j tit ngu khi "Pf'\" cl!Uf-; Ji' :>J<: , iflf :1; B'.J il! "t , 1"Bn : The modal particle "PB" l'IU'.y express a tone of demand, request or consultation, e. g Trq tU ngfi khi "PE." biJu thj ngfi khi yeu cau, thttdng lu\i'ng. Thi dv:

1:1: $S- ..::. -j- ..::. J:k: •e. 0

~~l!]@J YOyTn Phonetics Ngfi am

iDJill:'!lf(2) Word stress (2) Tr9ng iim ciia tit (2)

~~-~~kB'.JSW~•.•~W*S•a•B-~W~k,OO•: In a multisyllabic word the stress usually falls on the last syllable; e . g. NhUng tU c6 ba 8.m tie't trd len, tr9ng 3m tiJ rdi vao 8.m tie't cu6l cU.ng. Thi dl,l:

65

tushOgua n liuxuesheng tei]Tchang huachezho n 6. 6. 6. 6.

§~~~ Lianxf Exercises Bai t~p

- ) ilf-if Phonetics N gU 8.m 1. MitMiMJ Pronunciation and tones Phan bi~t am, thanh di~u

shO ben zhl bl doc cha bei zhuo yT boo hue huor zl boo xln xie wo yT moo biao

dOnxTn tanxTn chltang tOudeng t6uteng dOngcl

2. J!O il!Hlf ~ Collocations of tones Beijing m~itiOn haochT yTqian yuyan keneng tildao xT zao suOyl caise haokon zenyong mOqin xlhuan jiejie

3. $li""11"ii~ liuxuesheng

Multisyllabic liaison tilshoguan chozoche toijlquan

shltang tOngshl

PhOi hqp thanh di~u

zaocan IOxfng kOuyo wufon yanjing

huOchezhcm wangqiuchang yundangyuan

D9c li€n nhi€u am tie't

tei]Tchang doshTguan yundonghul xiaochidion huazhuongpln

(=)i,k\l Read and learn Nh{tn biCt vii t~p d9c chit Hitn

?J< i~ -T ;r< ;jl 1:&. ;r< ~ -T i :)-•A.

:iai ~ •.!ll :iai-!- •.!ll i :f· ~ .1. i :f· ::t- 9'1' :iai vt •lll :iai ·~ •.!ll

~;r<Jf.jfto ~l"J :"Jfjft-Jf i :J-'4Jt?"1\l!.iit.:"-Jf JLJk:.o" #!.!"l ~ ;r< Jl. Jt 0 ~iii. ;r< p;§ Jt 0 it!!. l"l : "14; :iai :ii< »1J (ilJ •.!ll?" ~ 1Ji.iai ~AJT•-To-ltl!.iit.•-T-JTP'§#l:.Ao-A~T~#l:.A~¢• ~T ~#eve.a

66

:=>7i5Ji1t~it! Complete the dialogues Hoitn thilnh bili hQi tho~i

A: NT mOi shenme?

B, A, NT mai duOshao?

B, ---------A, Hai yao biede ma?

B, ------- _______ ? A, Yi gong ____ _

A: ? -----B, WO mai jtlzi. Yl pn duOshao qian?

A, ---------B, WO mai wu pn. Yf gong duOshao qian7

A, ? B, BU yoo . Xiexie !

A, ---------

(im)~li;~}t! Communication HQi tho~i giao tie'p

1. ~ * IDf Shopping Mua hilng

A, NT yao shenme?

B, WO mai plngguO.

2. f.Ci]ift~ Asking about prices HOi gifi. ca A, PlngguO duOshao qian yl 1Tn?

B, Yl pn si'.in kuai wu.

Clil'.!i&"i' Learn to write Vie't chu Him

·~·· "t. ··' ... ~· ··~·· .... ···········•·•·• ·········I >--+-+-~-+-+-t~--+-~·-+-+-+~--+-~+->---+-~·->--+--+-~I

• + . • . j ........... , . • . j • .

... I . ..... ___ ,_ ."~ ...... ~ ... ·-·+ . ' ····+

.... Jl-:,- . . . ... -.. · .. . . . "- •• .i . ..:i. ~ -r. ... ,.. ....... .,., . ··~ . ··~· ··-r.·

---···--···' -··'· - .,

.. *-·· ... ± ... ---~- .. ---~--- ·--~ -- ... ;. .... -*"·- ............ , -., -·+· - •· - +- ... +- '

.... ·-·· -·I-··· -+·-·

··~·· -T- -'f -4" ··-'"'-·· _.ir._ _JI> ··~··• ····- •

68

Jt!Th. huanggua

Ji ft! JL doujiaor

Wn.f<i; xih6ngshl

ig~ cOngt6u

11' ~ qfncai

±:ii tudou

:MiT­qiezi

~ :/tJL cOihuar

Lesson 10 ... """' ... ' ... ... ... BAI 10 TOI DOI TIEN NHAN DAN T~

="W Kewen Text Bai d9c

111; mi : -r + ~ -t. l!I ~ -tt 0 f~ -t. ~ -t. ? Xiawo wo qu tushOguon. NT qu bu qu?

j: X.:~ ~ -i-o ~ ~ -!- 4!lft #c. ~o Wo bu qu. Wo yao qu yfnhang huan qian.

(;{£ 9' OO~At~~)

j: X,: 'J'-U • ~ #c. ~o Xiaojie • we huan qian .

~ 3k. .9l : fi, #c. 1t ~ ~? Nin huan shenme qian?

:!: x. : ~ #c. A. !.\. $ 0

Wo huan renmfnbl.

~ 3k. .9l : #c. i ')t'? Huan duoshao?

:!: x. : .::. 1i k :it 0

Erbai meiyuan.

OTng deng yfhulr. .. · .. · Xiansheng, gei nfn qian .

69

-Jt ~~o QTng shushu.

:k >t : xt T o i+l"-i*J- ! Dul le . Xiexie !

:;;r-;$.~! Bu keqi !

~"~ Shengcf New Words Titmoi

I. T-t- (cg) xiOwU afternoon (h? ng9) bu6'i chil~u J:. -t- (cg) shOnQ\VO morning (thU't;lng ng9) bu6i sling

2. m ~-ttccg) tUshOguOn library (d8 thtt qu<in) thuvi~n 3. * (~~JI!) yew want to (yiiu) muOn, cAn 4. ,j' -Jui (cg) xiOoji~ miss (tj6u thu') c6 g8.i 5. .t~ ( L1J) huan change, (hoan) d6i

exchange

6. *.:it (cg) m~iyudn US dollar (my nguyen) d6 la MY *' rr C.Jt) gangbl Hong Kong (c8.ng t(!) d6 la Hbng C6r1g (yuan) dollar

El .:it rlyuan Japanese yen (nh~t 11guyen) yen :t\Th~t

*it yTngbang pound sterling (anh bilng) b8-ngAnh Bi>t make Deutschmark (ma kh<ic) mficDUc i!-fi~ falang franc (ph8.p IB.11g) frang Ph8.p ©:..:it Ouyudn EURO (au nguyen) d6ng EURO

7. _.,. ,,)]-_ ~ 'g" ' Jn ( cg ) yingy9yudn shop employee(doanh nghi~p nh3n vien

vien) 8. fi (tt:) bar hundred (bach) tram 9. -t ( f() qi On thousand (thien) nghin

IO. "7i (f() wan ten thousand (v:;in) muCri. ng8.n, v:::i.r1 11.A~rpccgJ renmfnbl Renminbi (nhan dan ~) nhan d.in t~

( Chinese money) (ti6n Trung Qu6c) 70

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

A.~ I ,g) renmln people (nh§.n d§.n) nhan d8.n

~ ( i;IJ ) deng wait ( dilng) d¢.chdd¢

-~ JL C11.llU) ylhulr a little while ( nhilt hQi nhi) mQtlat

71:. .'.l ~ n-T

(;!I) xiansheng Mr. ,sir ( tien sinh) Ong, ngai

( i;IJ ) shO count (s6) de'm,kera

Of' l dul right, correct (doll dring, phii hQp

( J!IJ ) le (a modal particle )(lieu) r6i (trQ tU)

bu keqi

( i;IJ '*' ) keqi

You' re welcome (bat kh8.ch khi)kh6ng c6 gi

polite ( khiich khi) l!ch S\1, khiich

khi, 13.m kh8.ch

s~OO Zhushl Notes Chu thich

( -);\;'£ Jl•tll Anh, co (6ng, ti<iu thu)

.. 7t'E .. Jl!o~~ !!l tt t!9 Ii!<~ 0 .. ,J,m .. Jl!om:9:tt t!91i!<~ o

"J'G~"is used to address a man;"Jj\tfi"to a young woman.

".it~" dU.ng dii xttng h6 nam giOi; "11,:RII" dUng d~ xltng h6 nil giOi

lit+ 1],filll't;'E Family name+ 1],fil;)t!f_

( =) ltf"'-ft JL Xin chi>' rniit lat

;t:,~,~: Please wait for a little while/ a moment.

Nghla la: Xin dQi mQt litt

1§1"\filffi YuyTn Phonetics Ngu am

:::: 1' = Jlf lf.J ill; 11< , - ~ '!if Ill. T . 1liJ i!'i 1' =: /I' 'll' = /I' , lfl .=:. 1' w; lfl =: /I< < lli: .'!£ .=:.

/I' lo 11il ~a , When three 3rd tones appear in a row, normally the first two are pronounced as the

2nd tone. the thi.rd remaitls unchanged( or changes into a half-3rd tone) , e.g.

Cii.ch dqc ha thanh ba li€n nl1au: th6ng thudng, hai thanh tni'.Oc dQC th8.nh thanh

hai, tl1anh sau vfin dQC thanh ha (ho~c nt'ta thanh ba). Thi dv:

~A!l-.!lf o ("ft" ,"1J<"w;lll=/l'. "tt"w;lf!.=.)B o)

.Ji. 1i *-;it 0 ( "1i" '"Ef "w;lf! =fl!"."~ "w;.'1£ "'/I'") 71

§"~~ Lianxf Exercises Bai tl].p

(-)~if Yuyln Phonetics N gii' 3.m I. 'ilt'llf'ilti/IJ

hucm qian xiOnsheng dulhuan

Pronunciation and_ tones Phan bi~t 3m, thanh di~u

2. $'llil'ii~ bangongshl kOi wdnxiOo you shfhou

3 . .. ;i; " 8'J 'l£ illJ bU shu6 bu hao

fan qian meiyuan mei nian shon shang yTngbang yfnhang tulhuan yiban ylbon

Multisyllabic liaison D9c lien nhi€u 8.m tie't dianylngyuan dashlguan you ylsi mei guonxi qu shongdian mai dongxi

Mudulations of"~" Bie'n di~u cUa "::f'" bu duo bU mOi

bu neng bu jie

bu lai

bu xie

4. flii)ljm:fie Collocations of tones Stj ke't hQp gifia ciic thanh di~u dianche mianboo dasheng diandeng fUxf

HanyO

gul xing piaoliang

kewen wOiyO

yundong yueliang

liOnxf

zheIT yanhul

xi8xie

wen ti narr kan bing

daifu

(=)\A~ Read and learn Nh~n bie't va t~p d9c chU Hiin

72

»# ·~ »• »#m »•m »M~ -T ~T ~T li.T *W AT ~T 4-Ji:.. r "f- aJJ Ji:.. T "f- .£JIJJ ~ T "f-A: ~!i..~~&~o B: 1t&1t~~? A: ~&Ji. :;7 fl J1:. {r/] A~ iJi o

B: *'1f-*Jl..o ...... ,J,~,»f&~o f&4lt.41t_o

A: Jltj o iltilt! B : ;:i.:: $. "'\, !

:=>:ii:Ja:~i6 Complete the dialogues Hoan th3.nh b3.i ditm tho~i

A: Nin huan shenme qian?

B:~~~~~~~~~~

A: Qlng deng yl~ulr ... · · · · Gei nln qi an.

B:~~~~~~~~~~

A: Bil keqi!

A: ~~~~~~~~~~-? B, Bil qu . wo qu ylnhang .

A: ~~~~~~~· ~~~~~~~~-? B: WO huan renmlnbl.

A: ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~-B: XiBxie!

A: ~~~~~~~

~~~

( l!ll) 3'.flli'~i\'i Communication

!k fl Changing money

A: WO huan qian .

Hf?i tho~i giao tiep Dcii tien

B: Nin yao huan shenme qian?

A: WO huan renmlnbl.

B: Nin huan duashao?

A: WO huan wu bai meiyuan.

Vie't chU Hiln

+ . : ... ··-·· ··-·· ----- ··-·· ··-·· ··--- ··-·· ..... .

_le_ ' ,.. ,.. _le_ ·--, -- -·-··•··-·· ----:-- --- ··-:-·· .. , --

73

··Jt· .... :t .... ~ .... jf 7b '

-- ··---···-·· ----·----··

·----·-·-·· ---····----+·. '···· +-·-···---··t .. ' .. '

:

' ---- ·------ -·---·-·--· ---··------.

1il Jl ··· .. h ·· Al. e: f 1( 1f 1il 1f 1~· 1il . . . % .Ji. "i q: . 4:".: ·#--·· % .. .: ...... ! ... , . '··· +

74

Lesson 11

BAI 11 .... ,..,,. .... ~ .. .... ONG AY DANG SONG 0 DAU?

=~00 Kewen Text Bai dgc

J.i '*- : "* 1',;J • ~ Jl f/J- //;:-- '£. 9~ ? QTng wen, zhe shl bongongshl ma?

.iµ; .9l : Jl 0 1:f- .tl\. * ? Shl . NT zhaa shu!?

,J.., '*- : ..!.. ;t 9iji ,(£_ 9~ ? Wang laoshT zoi mo?

JIP, _9l : .ft .:F ,(J_o .ft ,(£_ ~ ~o Ta bJ zOi . Ta zOi jia re .

Ji'*- : .ft 1i. "ilJI JL? Ta zhu nor?

.ljf . .9l. : .ft 1i. -t .i\.. ~ -\::; 11 -t ..::.. -t 0

Ta zhu sh!ba 16u qT men shf'er hoo.

,J.., '*- : 1~ '~ i! .ft {!!;J it!. ~ -;- ;;~ 9J!i ? Nin zhTdoo ta de dionhuo hooma ma?

JIP, .9J. : ~;!, 6 2 3 1 0 8 9 4o ZhTdoo, liu er son yao Ung ba jiu sl.

J.i '*- : -i*t-iAt 1~ 0

Xiexie n!n.

JIP, .9l. : .:F $- 9.. 0

Bu keqi.

75

~"~ Sheng cf New Words Titmoi

1. l'aJ (;Ii) wen ask ( vifn) hOi 2. JjR .M <«) zhlyu6n office worker (chUc vien) nhan vien

3. ~~'.£ <«) bangongshl office (bi~n c6ng thilt)phOng 18.m vi~,

vanphOng ~/~ (;Ii) bangong work (bi~n c6ng) 18.m vi~ ( trong cd

(in an office) quan nha nlidc)

4. ~ ( i9J) zhao look for ( tr3.o) tim, kie'm 5. ,tf. ( i9J) zOi be in (tail d, s6ng

6. ~ (,g,j!:) jid home; ( gia) nha, gia dinh ( a measure word)

7. '7't, (!VJ ) ne (amodalparticle) (ni) nhl?, cOn ... ? diiu ... ? (tr<;l t-U)

8. 1i. (;Ii) zhu live (tru) Cf, cu tn.i 9. ~ <«) 16u building Oau) nha gitc, tiing, lilu

JO. fl ( «) men door, gate (m6n) ' ·' cua, cong

-t <«) hao number (hi~u) ~ 11. so

12. 9'<> i! ( i9J) zhTdao know (tri dao) bi et 13. ~ >'fz ( «) dianhua telephone ( di~n tho~i) di~n tho~i

~ <«) dian electricity ( di~n) di~n

if, <«) hua word, talk, speech ( tho~i) ldi, tie'ng, tho~i,

14. -t .$~ C« l haoma chuy~n

number (hi~u ma) sO (th~ ghi sO thU ti;

15. -* (fi:J lfng zero (linh) s0kh6ng, kh6ng

~4!1 Zhuanmlng Proper Noun Danh tit riimg

J.J ~ "t-f' ShOnben xlngzT Yoshiko Yamamoto ( sdn bB.n Yoshiko h~nh tU) Yamamoto

:§"~ Zhushl Notes Chu thich ( ~) itf fii] Excuse me Cho hOi ... , Xin hOi ...

iOJ JJ1J A illJ fiiJ $·tit at 1it iJI. " Ji fiiJ , · · · · · · ? " o

76

When we ask a stranger about something, we usually begin with" if fi:i] , · · · · · ·?"

Khi hOi nglidi kh0.c mQt vi¢c gi d6, thlidng n6i "iffi:i], ······?"

(=)fd!tflit"!!. He ;, at home, Ong ily dang d nha dily.

" llJi\ .. ffl l'£ l!ll<J! "'1111 ' '!$<ff< It "' tl'J * "" !;.( ill! v.. • ~ 0

"IYe." is used at the end of an indicative sentence to express an affirmative tone about

a fact. "firtf~IM"dU.ng cuOi cau tr.in thu~t, bi~u thi ngu khi khAng dinh ve vi~c xac

nh~n st;i thl,ic.

<=>1'! You Ong (ba, ngai ... )

Ji!: A ~ 1'1: jj1J " 1$ " tl'J I!!: ~ : ~ Jli!i , t.il. !If o A term of respect for the pronoun "~" , e , g. "~ !}ijj , ~ 'Jl} 0 "

~ la each xling h6 kinh tr9ng cU.a di:ti tit chi nglidi .. ~ ..

( (!g ) 0 0" zero SO khOng ''O''.

&ill~"llng"' ,&'¥~fF":'f''" o In Chinese this is pronounced as "ling" ,and written as~,

Tie'ng Han d9c ''ling", ch ft Han vie't thanh ~.

Grammar Ngu phap

( - ) ilt ilf $Jr !¥Jilt ft; The word order Thu t1J thanb philn cau trong cau tieng Him.

&llt~~F~•~rtl'JID~~~.iltff:li!:&ilttl'J~~ilt~¥~o

& ill tl'J "'1 'F fl! ~ ilt , ii!! ilt , 1€ ilt , ii'. lit , :tit lit , ~flit~ 7' # !& jj- !:!! it o ill ff -!i Ji!: ~ lit l'£ lltr , ll!I lit l'£ 15 o 1€ ili Ji!: ll!I ili tl'J ii 'ill' it jj- o fllUQ ,

There are no morphological changes in the strict sense in Chinese ; the word order is

the main grammatical constituent of the language. Chinese sentences are made up of six

elements: subject, predicate, object, attribute , abverbial and complement . The subject nor­

mally precedes the predicate in a sentence, and the object is an element related to the

predicate, e. g.

Trang tie'ng Han kh6ng c6 S\i bie'n deli hinh th8i nghiem ngi;it ve mi;it y nghia, vi v~y

thU tl,i tit la bi¢n ph8p ngU phap chU ye'u trong tie'ng Han.

Cau trong tie'ng Han do sau th8nh phiin ctlu t~o th8nh, d618: chU ngU, vi. ngU. tan

ngft, d:inh ngU, tr~ng ngU, b6 ngft. ThU tl,i thu:dng 18. chU ngU dUng tntOc, vi ngft dUng

sau. Tan ngft 18 th8nh phi3.n lien d& (kem theo) cU.a v:j. ngft. Thi dt;l: 3:. ~ iW-i!

{;\: '*'f 0

~ -4'-i~Ato <=>~iiiJU'IUf.fu The sentence with a verb as its predicate cau v! ngii' d(>ng tii

•jj1JfF··~~-j)-tl'J1'J'f'~•jj1]••1'Jo •iOJil!lili1'Jti<iillff:li!:::t:m<s> + lllllt<•iii'I v) + :1€ilt(O) A sentence with a verb as its predicate is one in which the verb is the main element

of the prf"dicate .

Cau c6 dQng tit lam thanh pruin chU ye'u cUa vi ngU: gc;ii la cau v:j. ngt.1 dQng tit. ThU tl,i

cUa cau vi ngft dQng tU la: chU ngft (8) +vi ngU (dQng :u V) +tan ngU (0).

77

The grammatical order for this type of sentences is : subject+ predicate+ object

(l)~'-fJJ i51..iio ( 2 ) :it -t .;fl -t&.. 0

(3)~;f>-!-lfJ ~{to

<=>Ji}iflB'fJ\lfl;; Enumeration CB.ch d9c cite lo~i sO '}i!!'I' ~tt~~ 4ttiiil ~~I!. ::i; 'If {I$ cJ>illtt~. tllJf-1--1-J& ~ lfl

tt ~ , oo ~ , <I! ii'i % , n w % , 11" M % , l't l'. % "' , In reading a cardinal number, no matter how many digits there are , they are read out

one by one. For example, telephone numbers, house numbera, passport numbera, car num­bers, etc.

ChU sO trong ma sO (con sO ... ) Ia'y sO tU lam each d9c cd biin, ba't k~ c6 nhi€u hay ft chfi sO dgu phiii d9c tUng chfi sO. Thi dl,l: SO di~n tho~i, bi~n sO nh8., sO l1Q chi€u, bi~n sci xe 0 tO v.v ...

78

6 2 3 1 0 8 9 4 ~: liCJ er son yOo lfng bO jiO sl

18 ~ 4 fl 8 -t ~: shfbOl6u slmen bOhOo

I. %i!! '1' ~"-"iit#~i\'"yoo", ~Jin: " - "in a number is often read as "yOo", e.g . .. - " trong ma s6 thtidng d9c th8.nh "yao" . Thi d\l: 181 -t JL ~ii' yoo bO yoo hOor

2. %i!! '1' "= "Jl~il'"er". l'flll~Jilt "liOng", ilOn: "="is pronounced as "er". It cannot be pronounced as "liOng" , e.g. "=" trong mii sO phiii d9c th8.nh"er'', khOng dtiQc d9c th8.nh "liOng" Thf dtJ.:

212 -t ~ii' er yoo er hao 3. '°IOJ~tt~Jf?tll~~tll. ~~:

Identical numbers are read out one by one, e. g. Con sO giOng nhau ph8i dgc ph3.n bi~t rO rilng. Thi d\l:

66004112 ~ jjfj;: liu liu ling ling sl yoo yao er hOo

ililfiil-itli!!JH!I.: "JL% ?"llt~" ··· ··· %!i!!JLJ!$Y?" fJlJJm: When inquiring about numbers,we say" JL-i}?"or"· .. ···.Ji}~~~~?" e.g.

Khi hoi v~ s6, n6i • 11%?" ho~c·······%1i!!JL;J!$j>?': Thi d\l:

NI zhu Ji hOor? NI de diOnhuO hOomOr shl duOshao?

§«~ Lianxi Exercises Bai t;.tp

( - )jlf'tlf Phonetics N gU iim

1. Mlfflfi.11 Pronunciation and tones Phan bi~t am, thanh di~u

dtl sho ttlsho jie shU xie shO

qiOo men jiao ren bu ke bO ke

keqi keql btlguo bu guo

2. JL{tl! The retroflex syllables Viin c6 3.m cuOn luai yldiOnr ylxiOr chOdiOnr y6udi0nr

zhu nor zhu zher pOngbiOnr hOo diOnr

3. $if1'iilt jl shengcl trng luyTn q(J shOngdiOn

kOn diOnshl

Multisyllabic liaison

xie Hanzl tlng yTnyue mOi dOngxi

dO wOngqitl

Dqc lien nhieu am tie't dtl kewen zuO liOnxl kOn diOnylng

tT zUqiU

shon qTng shuT xiu

bOohu huOnjlng

fengjing meill

fozhOn jingp

liaojie ZhOnggu6

jiOqiOng tucnjie xuexl HOnyO zengpn yOuyl

4 . jlf ii!! !If Iii! xiansheng

shenme nlmen zhege

Collocations of tones PhOl h<;1p thanh di~u

gOniang gOnjing qTngchu

shlhou licngkuai mlngzi

women zOoshang wanshang

dlfang zheme piOoliang

79

(=) ~\l Read and learn Nh~n bie"t vit t~p d9c chii' Hitn

(-) ill~('iiJJI Answer the questions Tr8. IOi c8.u hO~ I. NT shl litlxueshang ma?

2. NT xuexr shenme?

3. NT zhu nor?

4. NT zhu duilshao hlio?

5. NT de dianhua haomOr shl duOshao?

( RQ) ~1$j~j6 Communication HQi tho~i giao ti~p 1. ~A Looking for someone Tim ngttdi

A: Qlngwen, WOng IOoshi zai ma?

B: TO btl zai. TO zai jiO ne.

2. (ii] it lll: A.king an address Hai dja chi

A: To zhu nOr?

B: TO zhu er men shr hao.

3. fiil ~ itS" Inquiring abottt &telephone number HOi sO di~n tho~i A: NT de diOnhuO haomo shl duOshao? B: 623266880

<:lil'.!i&'f' Learn to write Vie't chii' Han

. . . ··~·· ti 4r ··-t'··· ··:#;.·· ··~·· ··~·· ····· ····· ··· · ····· ··· ·

80

I · 1

--,(--- k ;ff- * -----. : . :

' ········-··

'

. . . ' . . . .. ,~--.-........ ·.•,_ ..... ·····'··,,' ............ , ............. _..... ~ ~ ~ .iE- ~ .:~-J{!: ~-- ·r· ··1•·· --1?-· ···-it·· --"'··· -~

. : : 1 : :

Uoeful telephone numbers SO di~n tho•i ;tlaUO'ng dilng

ll:-'ttl :114 I!! W Ill ii'i : 11 o '1<"\Bi!l: 121

Directory Inquiries Police Weather

Djch vy. tra Di~n tho'i bB.o D\i bito

sO di~n tho'.i c&nh sat thiti tie't

Jk W Ill ii'i: 119 •• ""ii'i: 120

Fite Station Finl-aid

Di~n thof.i Di~n tho'.i citu hoi. ca'p c(iu

81

•+=• Le88Qn 12

' . . BA! 12 B4N CO KHOE KHONG?

• :s:i= Review (2) BAI ON T4P (2)

=~W Kewen Texts Bai dqc (- l10=*1*ir~

*::t"1rp, ft "*fl LOoshT. nrn hao !

E1 :t- g;p : 1* "*t ! "*f ~ 1' Ji!. r o NT hao ! HOojiU bu jian le.

w * : 1~ :t 1f. "*f •.!!i ? Nfn shentT hao ma?

El :t- g;p : 11l "*t 0 1* ~~ ~~ "*f •.!li? Hen hao. NT baba mama hoo ma?

'ifJ * : -kt 111 :i'JI 1!l "*f 0 Tomen dou hen hao.

~~ .9'l :1* ~ ft~ tf.ilil? NT mai shenme dongxi?

~ RR:~~ ~Jlo WO mai qiOnbT.

82

it 'lit jl : 1.t- ~ JL +l? NT yao jT zhT?

J.!1,, ifti : ~ p;lj +1 0

Yao liang zhl.

'\t'litjl:iE ~ 1tZ.? Hai yao shenme?

J.!1,, ml : -f!i- *- ~ 1- ;f..-f ' -t 1- 1-t :it 0

Zai lai san ge benzi, shl ge xinleng .

Shengcl New Words Tu mCli

1. -Jtf 5'. (~) haojiu for a long lime (hao c-i.l'u) l8-t1 l5.m rOi

2. ~#- (~) shentl health (than th~) sUc kho€

3. ~1f1 (1~) tamen they, them (tha m6n) hQ, chling n6,

c8.c anh 3.y,.

4. ~ (litl) d6u all (d6) ae11

5. fl;~ (~) d6ngxi thing (dong tay) d6, v~t, c0.i, thU

6. 1li .tl (~) qi an bl pencil (dien but) bUt chi

7. 1!-~ ]! ( ~ ) sh6uhu6yu6n shop assistant ( thv h6a vien) ngUCti b8.n hilng

8. +l (:I:) zhT (a quantifier for (chi) chi&, cay, c:ii

pen, pencil, etc. ) (ltJ9ng tU)

9. -f!i- ( itll zOi again c tail lftn nUa, h;1.i _

IO. *- ( qi) 1ai come, buy, do (lai) de'n, t&.

;f..-f " 11. (~) b8nzi notebook (ban till quyJn vb

12. 1-t:it (~) xlnfeng envelope (tin phong) phon[ bi, bi thu:

7i~ Zhuanming Proper Nouns Danh tU rieng

\l'l :;'t Tian Fang Tian Fang, name of a person(Dien Phtidrig) Di€rt Phiidng

€! Bai Bai, a surname (B?ch) B~ch

83

s~OO Zhushl Notes Chu thich llf~'f'JI!. 7 . Prototype for the English "Lmg time no see."

J!I A , Jlll J;;: l'i' II: .!i!. lii ll<f fl'J lil Ill' i!f • '!' Oil ffl r jfl-II: .!i!. iii • An expression used to greet an acquaintance or friend after a long separation. It can· not, understandably, he used to strangers. tf~::f'!t Tday 13. tit dUng d~ chiio hOi nhau khi gl).p h;li ngttdi quen hol).c g~p l:;ti b<,tn he, kh6ng dilng cho trudng hQp g~p nhau l~n d§.u.

'w' ~ ifi'<i"l Li""--·' E . ' <::=J~~ uiuu xerc1ses Bai t~p ( - ) ilffi Phonetics N gu am

84

1 . .milM\llJ Pronunciation and tones Phan bi~t am, thanh di~u fOnwen fOngwen shentl shengql danshl dOngshl jfnniOn jfngyan renmln renmlng kOihuo kOifO

2. "-"fl'J¥Jlij ylzhi

Modulatl.ons of"-" B"' d·a ' " " ien 1-yU cua -• ylpiOn

ylwOn ylniOn ylgOng

yltuOn ylqT ylpian

3. ~jli The neutral tone Thanh nh~ blzi qUnzi e ma 1eng le

4 . .O:Jli¥illl qTng he hoo Ieng hi!n da

songzi d~zi ktJzi beizi 1e1 ma lei le ele ke ma ke le d6ng le xioo le shoo le

Modulations of the 3rd tone Bie'n di~u cU.a thanh ha nTnng keneng hl!n tang hOodOng meihOo shOubiOo kepa hen man hOohan

S. ;!::ii''Wiflt Multisyllabic liaison D\JC nhi~u am tiilt Zhoogwen rUOnjian Han-Ying cldion xu9shl!ng shftOng xTnhuO shOdian gOige koifang fOnrOng f(JqiOng renmrn xlngftl meil\00 Rxiong

<=> 'iftliltili Describe the picture Nhin tranh va mii!u ta

A : :i!. ;{:It ~ ? B: :i!.;{. .. · ·· · o

<=>fflil Read out the dialogue Dye ro rang

'llt~: *-~-ft~? ~ iii:~~*'-7-o 'I )f .Pl : ·tt.~ Jl. +? ~ ffff: ~-=-+o 'I )f ~ : ~~ JIJ ""PR,? ~ iii: ~*-1-+fi'#,Aa~~o

(l!!l)li!l1JH• Anower the questiom Tra Im ciiu hoi

!. NI jioo shOOme mlngzi?

2. NI shl no goo ren? 3. NI shl ~heng ma? 4. NI zOI nor XIM!xf? s. NI XIM!xf shenme? 6. HOnyCi nan ma?

· 1. NI zhlJ nOr? · ... 8.NI de diOnhua•h!lornOr shl dUOShoo?

85

(.li) ~Jl~it§" Complete the dialogues Hoitn thitnh bili h9i tho{li A: ? B: ~~~iif.o

A: ? B: ~~;_.lfo

A: ?

B : ;fjlj -1- - Jf Ji. #t o

A: ?

B, ~~.::..,If ;fjlj-'f- o

A: ?

B: - ~.::..-j- .::..#ta

( f\) ~Jij1~J8 Communication

I. ~ JK ]!![ Shopping

HOi thoai giao tie"p . .

A: 1*~tr~? B: ~~-M1t-ii!io

86

-M.tf.jij -+iii~ -+tt.~

-+~-r -*-11.tAll -;fti{}~

-=-+*--1-'<!4 Ti t, )It

~+Jtt.t­-*~l\. -#t.f;~.

yi ping ni(mai

yf ge miimbao

yf ge mantou

yr ge baozi

yl zhang wanbao

yl zhi qianbT

sen ge benzi

sl jie dianchf

Jiang ge jiaojuanr

yl zhOng zhT

yr kuai dangao

2. ['ii] 1ft fi Asking prices HOi gift cii

A: :f.*-1' j.·~-Jf? .f-:tf. -Ji" li.:lk: Ji. B: li.:lk: o Pf if. -!Ii.. 7'J;)c7'

ft:9< -+ Ji.-{, ~All -*- Ji.-{, ~ l\!!, -"'(i

1'l1 *' R~ -+ .::. -t / '\.. *'

(-l;)~!lt"t Learn to write VietchftHim

.... ii.... 1 .. ( .... 6... J.. . ... it.... . ii. . .. . .... L ....... .: ...•.. ' ·+ . ' . I ~ : -J --J -J '"""J ~ ; ; . . . . . . . . . .

··~·· f. ·~·· ·'··········· ' ,. :. ' : ,, ... , .. ,

··# . ···"'····· "' . ..Ji .... ··-1······ ··*"·· ~t # ·+ . . ... .:... . ··~ . . ~ ... ~ ...... :)!< .... ··~···· ··1f···· ···~···· ··~ .. ··~·~ . ··~·· .

~ ~ .. :~ ... ... ~ .. ... 1£ ... ... ~ ..... ~ .. .. if= .. . . * ... ) ...... ... 0.... .$ ··~··· Jfl· *· * .

···~ / ··· k ·· ff Ji ···jj··· %J ···~····I · , ·I · ·•,· · ·t ·· , · ··f

' . . ' '

···~···· . ,. • ; ··· ·· r ····· ~r * iITT· ·>n· $ ~· ~· ···· · ····

87

•+=ill Lesson 13

BAI 13 CHUNG TOI DEU,LA LUU HQC SINH

=~W Kewen Texts Bai d9c

A: 1~ ~ ftf !¥' !l •J!,? NT shl liuxuesheng ma?

B:~o Shl.

A: M!. -tf!. ~ ftf !¥' !l •J!, ? To ye shl litlxuesheng ma?

B: :it -tf!. ~ ftf !¥' !l o ~ 1fl :i'Jt ~ ftf !¥' !l o To ye shl liuxuesheng. WOmen dou shl liuxuesheng .

Ti6n Fong he Zhong DOng ye dOu shl liuxuesheng ma?

B : ;:f: o -ft!r..1fl 1il9 ;:f: ~ ftf ~ !l o -ft!r..1fl :i'Jt ~ '17 liJ Bu. Tomen no bu shl li!Jxuesheng . Tomen dOU shl Zh0nggu6

(=>tr:-&• qi Ii A.11!1 A : -ft!r.. :>l_ '17 liJ A.. •.!!, ?

TO shl Zh0nggu6 ren ma?

88

B:ka Shi.

A : 1;F ~ ;i't '17 I!! NT ye shl Zhonggu6 ren ma?

B:~ ko ~ k $-1!1 Ao Bu shi. W6 shl Taigu6 ren.

A:5'f ~ ~o Dui bu ql. •J< ~ ..

B:/~ ::1C~o

Mei gucmxi.

c=. l:iXflt:liSltit

(fi<\~~~1':11-U! 13~~·····-)

:t;& ~ : ~ 71::. 1r ~ - T JL , i!. 1i. k f::J :tt.t.t a i!. W6 xian jieshao yfxiar, zhe wei shl Bai jiaoshou . Zhe

k ~111 J!, ~*o shi women Ma xiaozh6ng.

~ * : ~x.~ 1-F ' {::/ :tt.t.t 0

Hucmyfng nT, Bai jiaoshou .

.:;ft..f.t : * * ! Xiexie!

~«~ Shengcf New Words ~7' ~ ,l.

1 . ~ ::r ~ (ti) nuxuesheng overseas student ( luu hc;-ic s1nh) luu hQC sinh

2. ~ (/ill) yt. also, too ( dii) ding

3. 5'f~~ dul bu qi I am sorry, sorry (d6iba'.tkhdi) xinlili

89

4. i.Jt * ~ mei guOnxi It' s nothing (mQt quan h(!) khOng sao,

khOngvi~ gi s. :fp Otl he

6. ~ 1n <ft> w0men 1i!!.111 (ft) !Omen

~111 (ft) !Omen 7. 1t11iJ ( 11!1:) liO

8. * 1:.. ( ~ ) xuesheng

9. f;/: ~ (~) mlshG

10. ~. (:fl-) gGi

11 11'-~ ( lilJ) jieshao

and (hi>a)

we, us ( ngii m6n) they,them(male) (thamon)

they, them( female) (tha mOn)

two (l~ng)

student ( h90 sinh)

secretary (bithu)

for, to (cilp)

introduce c gicli thieul

va,vm chUngta, ... hQ, chUng n6, cicanh fi..y, ... cite cO fly, cite b8. a'y, ..

hai

hc;>c sinh

thuky

cha,

gi& thi~u 12. A, 010 xiOn fa-st (tien) tntclc, s<lm 13. -r JL ylxiar once,allatonce (nhilth~nhi) mi)tti,mi)tcai,

(a verbal measure word) mc)t chi.it, ... 14. 11f. (:I;) w0i (aquantifierforaper.;on)(vj) (lu<;>ngtitchingttm) 15. 4't.:/t ( ~) jiaoshau professor (giao th\l) giao su 16. #(. * (~) xiaozhOng president,principal(hieu tntilng) hieu truilng

-v~ ZhuOnmJng Proper Nouns Danh tit riCng

I. -$ :k. :if1J Ylctan Italy (yd~ilqi) Italy 2.J)u~:k. Jionocta Canada (gia na d;:,ti) Canada 3. ~Iii Taiguo Thailand C th3.i quOC) Th8.i Lan 4. f: .ft ii'- AidehUO Edward (iii dUc hoa) Edward 5. 7~ Lu610n Roland (la Ian) Roland 6. 11, MO Ma, a surname (ma) Ma (hq Ma)

~~3'f~liQ BuchOng shengcl Supplementary New Words Tit mffi b6 sung

I. :k. Jl <-« l ctaifu doctor (d~i phu) b8.c sY

90

2. .tr± (~) hUshi nurse (h(i sji) y ta

3. ~~ (~) jfngll manager (kinh ly) giftm dcfu

4. $:~'P (~) !UshT lawyer (lu~t su) lu;)t sli

s. i'.fi Ji. (~) ycmyuan actor, actress, (<lien vien) dien vien

attendant

6. ~ ;fJL (~) sTjf driver (tucd) ngttdi 13.i

xe, tau

7. Jlll Jr Ji. (~) fUwUyuOn waiter, waitress (ph\lc vv vien) nhanvien

ph\}C Vl,1

8. iC. :t- (~) jizhe reporter (kygia) ph6ng vi€n,

nha bilo

9. .. ~ (~) Jlngcha police, policeman ( c8.nh silt) c8.nl1 sat

10. _L :fI. ~op (~) gongchengshT engineer ( c6ng trinh sti) k:Y su

§"00 Zhushl Notes Chu thich

ft:i:ft'tB-r JL First please allow me to introduce .. .

ft:~1ttB-r JL D~u tien tOi xin gi& thi~u qua ... .

@}"\BIB YOfa Grammar Ngu phap

( - ) ~~(ii] ( 1) : · · · · · ·lf!l? Interrogation( 1) : Yes/No questions with"····· ·PJ1 ?"

HOi nhli th€ n3.o( 1) ··· ···~?

tE ~ J!-liJ-liJ /iE to l: * iJ; lit ICJ B"J il't '1. l!IJ iliJ" ll!J " , l'il Jf.t IJt il.'i B"J ~ ~F fiiJ -liJ " A yes/no question is formed by adding the inquisitive modal particle"~ "to the end

of an indicative sentence.

CuOi cau tr§.n thu~t them trQ tU ngU khi "ll1'" bi~u th! s\( nghi va'n, t(;lo

thtlnh cau hOi c6-khOng trong tie'ng Hii.n.

A : 1.1: Jl 'f JJ;J A.·~ ? B:Jlo (-i\\.Jl 'f IJ;JA.o)

A :1'1; Jl ;t- ~~ ·~ ? B : ;f- Jl o -ii\. Jl ~ !!. o

A:~1fl$Jl W ~ !!.•~? B:~1fl:iJ!JlW~1..o

91

( =>'l~ilf Adved>ials Tr~ng ngu

••w•••$oo~•~•9~••.~•.••••-~~~••· The modifying elements before verbs and adjectives are called adverbials. Adverbs, adjectives• etc. can function as adverbials. e.g.

ThB.nh phftn dUng trtiOc tu sUc cho dQng tit va hinh dung tU trong cilu g9i 18. tr{lng ngU. Ph6 tU, hinh dung tit v.v ... deu c6 th€ 18.m tr{lng ngU.

(1)~~~~A'Jl~ll-!tf0 (2)iJt!f~llJ!ft.o' • (3)-iiit:-:f- ;k_l!ft.o

• • ( = )lfj&J" -&"in"&" The adverbs" -tk" ( also)and "filS"( all, both) Ph6 tii"-tll"va "IS" 1111 • "ti!. "-tll " - "Jill: t£ e •iii< • W iiiJ lliI it1 , t£ 1'J 4' ~ • • • The adverbs it! and ~ are placed before verbs and adjectives and function as adver­

bials. Ph6 tii"tl!." v8. "$" dUng trttdc dQng tU ho~c hinh dung tU, 18.m th8.nh ph:1n

tri;i_ng ngil trong cau.

( 1 ) ( * >t :it. fil Of' !i. ' ) J.i * -ti!. :it. fil Of' !i. 0

( ~ ~ ;;r-. :it. fil Of' !i. ' ) * lj; -ti!. ;;r-. :it. fil Of' !i. 0

;i; flll lll. : *-ti!. J.i * :it. fil Of' !i. 0

Khong n6i: *-ti!. J.i 4'-:i!. fil Of'± o

( 2) ( * >t :it. fil Of' !i. ' J.i * -ti!. .>l fil Of' !i. ' ) * >t :fl> J.i * ;fJI :it. fil Of' !i. 0

;i; flll lll. : *oi!I * >t :fl> J.i * .>l fil Of' !i. 0

Khong n6i: *oi!I ;i: >t :fl> J.i 4'- .>l fil Of' ± o

§-.[)@] YuyTn Phonetics Ngu am ( ~ )fi.J11:-1f( 1) Sentence stress( 1) Trong 8.m cUa c8.u . .

-1' "'1 -T , ,(,l. :ff - 1' • 9 t£ lit ts .A. ti' * Ji!: It tsl .!Ii: ~ ~ , 11'1 ml lll.11J ~ it - ;i. • i! 1' 'I: i# 1$ • 9~ Ji!::"'J 'I: fr. * '*tf .!Ii: if r !fl""'" l;;< Ill. 92

In a sentence there is always an element that is more important than others to the

speaker and therefore is stressed, This stressed element is the sentence stress. In this book

it is indicated by" 6." placed below the stressed part.

Trong mQt cau thlidng c6 mQt thanh ph~n tlidng d6i quan trc;ing dill vdi ngu'.di n6i,

vi the' se duqc n6i nhB:"n mi;tnh hdn. Thanh phftn duqc nhfln m~nh gQi la trc;ing am cau

Phftn trc;ing am duqc danh dau bi\ng kY hi~u "t:::.." d phia du:&.

!. 111! Jfl. a<! 3o ll!I 1iJ • ill lit JI! 'iii: ii [n a simple subject-predicate sentence, the predicate is stressed,

Trong cau chU vi ddn giiln, vi ngU dLiQc d9c nhAn ml;lnh

~-to " ~~~il·ti= 0

~u * 3o ill Ji!; fl: iii! , fl: iii! JI! 11!: ii o

If the subject is a pronoun, it is stressed.

Neu chU ngU la dl;li tll, dl;li tll du:qc d9c nha'.n mi;tnh.

iit4'? " onJI JL~ e~PJ? "

2 . 11 J< m a<J 1iJ -r- • ~ m JI! m: ii o

If the sentence has an object, the object is stressed.

Trong cau c6 tan ngU, tan ngU duqc d9c nha'n mi;tnh

~ '*" )] ill ;l-" " 11!!. ~ :.f *-

3. 11iEill,~ilta<J1iJ -r- . - ~li! m ,~ilf JI! liii o

Nonnally the attributes and adverbials are stressed.

Trong cau c6 d!nh ngU, tri;tng ngU, thOng thudng duqc d9c nha'n mi;tnh d!nh

ngU, tri;tng ngU .

~~ 'f ~A.o " "

11!!.1!!.. ~ w '*" 1. 0

~ iii] .. - .. f\111: jjjj ill ~ a<! )i! il! - ~ ;f' m: ii 0

The numeral " - " and attributive ~tifiers are not stressed.

Neu dlnh ngU do sO tll .. - " va lLiQng tll k~t hQp ti;to thanh thi kh6ng d9c

nha'.n mr4nh.

~-t--'\'--if.~o " " <=>ilfil'I Intonation (I) Ngu di~u

~*i!t~:flm~,~~fll~~oil!~~~'loJl!~~~-ffi-~11!:ii~~

93

k.XBftO•~-~~-~-~-~Z*~~~•.&••lll~···· ~-~~*~lllft~~kft*~~~---~*m.~~~~*lll.~~~~ ~ill. There are two intonations in Chinese ~the rise and the fall. The intonations are shown in the last stressed syllable. The other unstressed or neutralised syllables after it will rise or fall with the stressed srllable. The rise and fall of the Chinese intonations are relative and are based on the original tones of the words. Normally, the rise is used in interrogative sentences , while the fall is used for indicative sentences.

Tieng Han c6 hai lo:;i.i ngii: di~u: Ien gi9ng va xuOng gi9ng. Ngil di~u Ien gi9ng chll ve'u d11Qc th~ hi en d am tiet cuOi cling dqc nh~n m~nh. NhUng am tie't kh6ng dQC nha'n m~nh hol[ic am tie't thanh nh~ dUng sau n6 cilng theo d6 Ien gi9ng ho~c xuOng gi9ng . .:\l"gU di~u trong tie'ng Han 13 s\]'. Ien gi9ng ho$c xuOng gi9ng tri§n cd sd gill nguyen thanh di~u ban d£u clla iim tie't dtiQc d9c nha'n m~nh. Th6ng thlidng, cau hOi thi dqc Ien gi9ng, cau tran thu~t thi dQC h~ gi9ng xuelng.

1.t-Jl w * .i. •l!J? t ~JlW<¥:.i.o -t

~~~ Lianxf Exercises Bai tiftp ( ~ )ilffi- Phonetics Ngit am

1. YJ-fiYJlij Pronunciation and tones Phfin bi~t am, thanh di~u tamen damen jiaoshou jiao sho da~u taidu hushi hushl jngIT jngll IOshl llshl

2. $W~Jt~ fuwuyudn shouhuoyudn

Multisyllabic liaison D9c lien nhieu am tie't shoupiaoyudn liecheyudn

3 . AA~ Read out the following phrases D9c to r6 rang ;{_ <¥: .i. ;{. W <¥: .i. ;{. ;t J1iJi ;{_ ~ ~ A ;{. Jiii ~ ;{. Fol <¥: ~;{_ ~* ~~ ~* ~* ~* ~~ ~~ ~;{_ ~* ~~ ~* ~~~ ~~

(=)fl'~ Substitution Thay the'

1. A: 1·1'* W ~ .i. •.!!7? B: Jlo (~JlW<¥:.i.o)

94

2. A: :lt~Jl. ~ it .i. •J!i?

B: :lt~Jl. ~it .i.o ~

111 '*II Jl ~ OJ= .i. 0

3.A: :ltll.::t9'Ji•J!i?

B: :T-ll.o ( -!It ;r- Jl ::t 9~ 0 )

4.A: 1.f.~Jl. tf 00 A.•Jli?

B: :T-ll.o (~:T-Jl. 'f OOA.o)

kOO i!-00 .#;OO

-It oo a *" -1; :k. :t•l

<=:>IHlfffiiJM Answer the questions Tr3. lOi cau hOi

fJIJ : A : 1t-Jl tf 00 A. •J!i ?

B: ~Jl.(:T-Jl.) tf OOA.o

1. 1.t. llk 00 A.•J!i?

2. 1.t. ll.::t 9~ •J!i?

3 . 111 ~ Jl ~ Of' .i. •J!i ?

4. 1t-'* >] *~'.i·J!i?

s . 1t-1n UiJ ::t 9'P JL i ::t 9~ •Jli ?

(ml) ~1't~J! Complete the dialogues Hoitn thilnh bfti hQi tho~i

lllJ : A : 1.f. Jl ::t 9'P •Jli ?

B: llo A : -!It~ Jl ::t 9~ •Jli ?

B: -!t!!.~Jl. ::t 9~ o

95

B: __ o

3 . A : lf1 '1; ,{_ 'I' lji;j '!f: 1.. ·~?

B: __ o

A: ?

B: *-lf-~'l'iji;j*±o

B: ____ o

A: ?

B: $. 1i1-i!!, -~ dt Yip o

2. A: :i:Jt>t.W'!f:±•~? B: o

A: ?

B : ~ iiil -1!!.>t. W '!f: 1.. o

4. A: 1.t~~,{_;k.}l•~? B: o

A: ?

B: a~~-1!!.>t.:k.3'..o

(.li)Jll"fnS"a:'fi.fuT Rewrite the sentences with"IS" DUng "IS" sita l~i cac cau sau

1)1J , it. >t. w * ± , a <t >t. w * ± o --a 111 :ill >t. w * ± 0

1. *it,{_ w * 1.. , ~ jjij -1!!.>t. w * 1.. 0

2 . *- It- k "' lji;j A. , lf1 %' -I!!. k <j> lji;j A. 0

3. itkdt~ ,it.-l!!.kdt1'P 0

4. ~~Jl;k.}l, ~~-1!!,Jl:k.}lo 5 . ft, k ft .tt , :fl!.-1!!. k ft ;ft 0

(f.\)tli~ Construct sentences S£p xe"p titth8.nh cau

96

1)1J: w * 1.. it.1iJ k :i!l--it.111:ill>lw*1.. 0

I. k a T- i; :k_;f1J A. 2 . ·~ dt g;p k 1* -I!!.

3. Jt 4. -If!,

5. :ill l;)i!llil Reading Luy~n dqc

#m•!A~•••.AJt•*:kA,AJttf•±.~ ~~mi .~~Jt•*:kA.~Jt*~A. ~-1!!.Jttf•±. A111 fll}t {if.±.

~Jt* ii'. .~9~ !11 ;'f' *ii'.,,.., !11 ;'f ~ Jt {if.±' ~111 :i!IJt r~•±. A1nJt•JIJ!~.

A)3f~~i! Communication Hc)i tho~i giao tie"p

11- !'fl Gioi thi$u

A: A$S-1t.1'l-~ - -r JL, i!.Jt.1..;t±, i!.Jt !!i ·J-,u.. B: 1t.• l C: 1t.•!

A: A;t1'l-~-r JL,J!.1;I.JtE1~J!l.,J!.{;I.Jt*#9t. B: 1t.•! E1~J!l.. c : ~x. ;ft ! JlJ:. ;ft !

:!Ll'.!illt'f' Learn to write Vie't chu Han

97

·-t.·· A ··Ar···· -t. ··· ··· ··· ····· ····· ···· ····· ····· ··· ··· ···· ··· ····· ·····

·~·· . . ' ' ' . ii: :: :: } ··ji····· ··0°·· ~· ii: T + ····· ·····

···~··· t .. it.. ·~· .~ ··~··· ,,.. ·~· . : ..... ····· ............. . ;, :

·~

98

Lesson 14

BAI 14 • •

B~ HQC d DAU?

~·· ci.ffi Kewen Texts Bai khoa

A:1;f. 'if:SJ 1t~? NT xuexi shenme?

B:~ 'if:SJ ~5li!-o W6 xuexr HanyO .

A : 1;f. ;(£_ "1lF ) L '* SJ ? NT zai nor xuexi?

~ Jr ;j" .-0- '_l;. ~ .0--11.- .J- ;if. ;if. ""' B : 'lX.. 1"' u ,'f. -i., " _,._ '-' A 'T 'T "J a

W6 zoi Beijing YOyan Wenhuo Daxue xuexi.

A : 1.f. •tf,1:tf- i-5l fB- J$. •i!i ? NT juede HanyO nan ma?

B: ~ '.ft -f:tf- •Jf , -iJL ~t. 4l ~ ¥i , #< , j;j -ffl J.ft o

W6 juede ting, shuo bljiao rangyi , du, xie hen nan .

A:~#;- 1.f. 11'-~~ -T JL, :i!. Jl ~ ~ ~lio W6 gei nl jieshoo yixiar, zhe shi w6 de tangwO .

1,), ., ~<- "" ;if. ·n::; ;><;._ m\ jPj "J' 0

To shi xTn tangxue.

9f

B : 1,f- 1f_ •JJ~ 1-- #1 'if: JJ ? Ni zai no ge ban xuexf?

C:~ 1f_ 1 2 0 3 #I 'if:JJo W6 zai yao er lfng san ban xuexi.

B: 1,f- 1f1 ~ ;t 1iji ft ifi? NTmen de 16oshl shi shui?

C:~1f1 ~ ;t1iji ft# :t1'Jio Women de 16oshl shi Un 16oshl .

.... gl1J :::::,.- '. Shengcf New Words Tu moi I.

·_A~ 1a a ( 1'; ) yuyan language (ngU m6n) ngOn ngU, ld:i n6i

2. 3:.1t. ( 1'; ) wenhua culture (van h6a) van h6a 3. *-'if: ( 1'; J • daxue university (d?i h\)C) di.ii hqc r.;!.. /.'€7

( iiJJ ) feel, think (giac d£c) cam tha'y' cho rllng 4. ~1~ juede

5. 1.g- it- ( 1'; ) yota grammar (ngfl phap) ngfl phap

6. flf OBJ xTn new (tan) mm 7. ~* ( 1';) t6ngxue classmate ,schoolmate (ddng ht;>e) b1;1n cUng hqc,

b1;1n h9c, b1,1n 8. ~Ji ( 1'; ) t6ngwCJ roommate (d6ng6c) cUng phOng 9. 1±- (ft) zbi at,in or on (a place)(l{li) a

IO. J)l ( 1'; ) ban class (ban) lap 11. "Jf ( iiJJ ) tTng listen (thinh) nghe 12. ·iJt ( iiJJ) shuO say, speak (thuyet) n6i, giiii thich, k~ 13. H:.~ ( lllJJ bfjiao comparatively (ti giao) tlidng d6i, kha 14. ~1iJ (Iii) r6ngyl easy (dung di) d~d8ng 15. #< ( iiJJ ) du read (d\Jc) dQC, hQC 16. '% ( iiJJ) xie write (ta) vie't

100

2.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

~.ti Zhuonmlng Proper Nouns Danh tiirieng

**-"'~ ;'f ~ii]

::k.. !# ( 4'I ) JJj t._ ( 4'I)

*'* ( 4'I ) ~il} (4';)

7r-m- (4';)

BBi~ng YUydn Beijing Language and

W8nhuQ DOxue Culture University

(Biic Kinh ngOn ngU.

van h6a difi hi;ic)

Un Lin. a surname 18.m

tn.tdng D~i hqc Ng6n

ngil va Van h6a

BiicKinh

Lam

Buchong srengcl Supplementary New Words

Tiib6' sung

wenxue literature (van hQC) van hQC

llshl history (ljch si':i) l}ch slt

1016 law (phap lu~t) phap lu~t

~ngjl economics (kinh te) kinh te

waiyO foreign language (ngo~i ngi1) ngoi;t.i ngU ).. .,,

6. 1: 1..1, (;;ti) renshi know ( nh~n thilc) nh~n bie't, bie't

7. ra (Jf}) jiU old (asopp.tonew)(ClJu) cU,xUa

8. :.:t- (Jf}) IOo old.aged (lao) gi8., cii

:S~OO Yufa Grammar Nga phap

( - ) ~2.,fii] (2) : RrPJ'fti6J Interrogation(2) : Questions with interrogative pronouns

HOi nhtt the' ni\o: D~i tii nghi vfln

l!l lit fiil fl: i>J "it" , "~ Z- " , " !IJ'" , "!IJ' JL" < !IJ' 11\ ) , "i; Z. " , "i; Z- -IF" , "JL" ,

" $ '.!> " !(f * ifiJ (ii] ;lit-J:\.i* $ ~ ~fl: :!ii: 0

Questions with interrogative pronouns, sometimes called wh·questions, refer to ques­

tions with "who", "what", "where", "how", "how many" ,etc. This type of sentences is

used to ask for some specific information.

Dung d~i tu nghi v1in nhtt " PJJll 11\ ","it", "~ Z-" , "!IJll"," !IJIUL" ( !IJ' !U,

"~ Z." ._ "~ Z. ~" ._" JL" ._ "~1>" d~ hOi mQt st;t v~t, sOltit;jng ClJ. th~ n8.o d6.

1t- ,'!. '1lll ~ A..? 1.t-it '1lll ) t.. ? ~J!.ift? * ,'!. 1t-1fl 99 :t- 9iji?

~J!.~1:" :k..A..o ~itT~o ~ J!. lli, jfJf 0

.£ ::t- 9iji ,'!.~ 1fl 99 ::t- 9iji 0

1if.~5J1tZ.? ~~>Ji5t-it.o

11 • , '* T l!l • ~ J£ 'oJ + •ir· m fiil 99 lit rCJ -1>i J>r • JJ1J 99 rCJ 'oJ 'oJ JI\ ;i; fill jlj: tn " ll!l " ..

101

;i; ill. : *f$ • 11!11 ll!l .A.111! ? Note: Interrogative sentences cannot take "llij" at the end except those formed with "Indicative sentences+ llij". For example, it is wrong to say "~:l!e!11Allij?" Chu Y: Ngo3.i nhUng cau hOi dllng cau trllc II cau triin thui;lt + llij "d~ hOi ra. cuo'i cac cau hOi khac kh6ng th~ them "llij''. Kh6ng n6i: "~!!Ill ~.A.nij?". <=>lf:ilfilJ!'li~J!biiiJ"ll(j" The attribute and the 'tructural particle"ll(J" Dinh ngU vii. tro' tit ke't ca'u "~" . . ~••~•tt•m••••~••·•••~m••••mm.&•& •m~*&~•~~.&~r~~*&~rE••~·~~.oo~, The modifiers of nouns and nominal phrases are called attributes. The function of an attribute is to modify and define. In a phrase the attribute is placed in front of the noun; in a sentence before the subject or the object. e.g. Thanh phlin dUng tru'Oc tu sUc cha danh tit, cvm danh tit gQi Ia d!nh ngU. Vai trO cUa djnh ngU la tu sUc va h~n djnh. Trang cvm tU, dinh ngU phili d~t tntdc danh tit; trong cau, dinh ngU phB.i d~t tntOc chli ngU ho~c tan ngU. Thi d1,1:

#!.111 bi} :t- g;p ~ bi} JL'l ~ ~ 1ffi" bi} Iii] ~ tr liiJ ~

( 1) A: #1.Jt if. bi} ;f- 9iJi? B : ~ bi} ;t- !1iJi Jt £ ;t- 9iJi o

( 2) :iii!. Jt ~ 1ffi" biJ liiJ ~ o

(3)~JtW ~-tltblJ ~ o

~#>Jl/Jil'J"B"~* &&• Fo~ ,A&•BID'il:fi;i!.\. The structural particle" tr<J "is placed immediately after an attribute . It is the formal indicator of an attribute. Trq tU ke't cflu "{J(J., d<}t sau djnh ngft, 13. tieu chi hlnh th Uc cUa djnh ngU. 1. ~ ••tt• ~ iE •. "';r, mm •u• J!Ji1l»J!Ji Jill~~ ll>t, ~ »n ·n·; oo ~n, When a noun or pronoun is used as an attribute to define or to show possession and subordination, the particle "tr<J "is added, e. g. Khi danh tU ho~c d?i tit 13.m d!nh ngU bi~u thj mOi quan h~ h?n djnh va sd hUu, sd thuQc tu s(ic, phiii them "tr<J" . Thi d1,1:

102

~ bi} ~ #!.bi} iOJ * :t g;p bi} '*' -r w ~iitblJ~ · ~1nblJ:t9iJi · • • 2. ID '!\'jiljil'Jm ~ & • 11>t .&•$'!:!ta" n". il'J ~a , When an adjectival phrase is used as an attribute, the particle "tr<J"is added. Khi c1,1m tit 13.m dinh ngU, phai them "!fJ" v3.o tru'Oc dinh ngU. Thi d1,1: 1il "*t bi} Iii] !'# ~il ll'J bi} iOJ * • •

Sometimes the structural particle " a<J " is not added between the attribute and the

centre-word, e.g.

C6 truC1ng hqp, giua d:!nh ngl1 va trung tam ngl1 khong them trQ tu ket cau" a<J ". Thi dl;l:

~ M ~ -kM ~ tf7 j:_.:fi i!t~~IJJ

<=>1tiiil"ti:"ln"f€t" The preposition"ti:'' and "f€t" Gioi tu "ti:" va "~" 11-~" ;{£" 1111 ..t ~ NT ~ 'JIJ. ;{£ lVl m ~ iaJ fiJ oo, w. ffi ~ tF fi :h ~ ~ a<i ~ ,~ o 191J ~n: The preposition ";{£"together with a location word, when placed before the predicate

verb , tells the place where an act occurred, e . g .

GiOi tu";ff "khi them tU chi dia di~m d~t trudc d9ng tu vi ngU thi bi~u thi dia

di~m xay ra hanh vi d(mg tac. Thi dl;l:

( 1 ) ~,ti_ ~~ * ~ ~ j:_ 1t k. ~ ~ >J 0

( 2) ~,ti_ -t *1!. 0

® ~~ ~)i"i. -

11-~" ~ "W. ffi fi 1-J a<J Mat~ 32: ~ ~ o 191J ~n : The preposition "~" indicates the receirer or benificiary of an action , e . g.

Gioi tu "~" bi~u thi doi tuqng hanh vi ho~c ngttdi tiep nh~n . Thi dl;l:

( 1 )~~1:f.1t-~ --"f JL, l!Jt~ {1(i M £ o

(2)~~~~;fr tt!, fl; 0

iOyTn Phonetics N gu am (-).f:iJitH(2) Sentence stress(2) Trc~mg am cau

1. )Ei{t-~~Ji:il, Tfiitti~.1!1Jiaj"A<J"7j()&~~ilo {91J~ll:

Attributes are usually s!ressed while the structural particle is never stressed, e. g.

Dinh ngU thong thudng phai d<;>c nhan m~nh nhung trQ tu ket cau luon d<;>c

thanh nh~. Thi dl;l:

£ :t- giji Jt ~ {fl fr!} :t- giji 0

103

2 . fr 1€ i:iiJ !!I tF Jfl: if! . ;;ti i:iiJ € X :fl ~ it! lit , fr iii! (!(] 1€ ill fll ;;ti i:iiJ (!(] :!\; it! ~ ~ I *. fri:iil4£* o 1'1J ~a , When a preposition-object phrase funclions as an attribute, and the verb takes an ob­ject, both objects are stressed. Look at the examples . Khi Cl,lm giffi tit tan ngU lam tr{lng ngi11sau dQng tU l{li c6 tan ngU thi tan ngU cU.a gi& ti:t va tan ngU cila dQng tit ph8.i dQC nha'n m1;1.nh, giili tit dQC thanh nh~. Thi d\l: ~,ff. * -t ~ 1t ::k 'if 'if >] i.lt * 0

<=li!iillll(2) Intonation (2) Ngudi~u ~m fiiJ 1'J. "1 i/!J~ iili • ~ fiiJ ii: iii!IW!. "1 ill W!i!lti/11 o 1'!Ha, The pitch for wh-questions is relatively high, the interrogative pronouns are stressed, and the falling tone is used al the end of the sentence. Trong cau hOi chi dinh ri&ng, ngU di~u cU:a cau tttdng dOi cao, dqc nh§n m{lnh d~i tit nghi van, cu6i cau xuOng gi9ng. Thi d\l:

1fi: 'if >] 1t ~ ? A A •

~ 'if >] i.lt * A A •

l"tc,QJ::;iJ Lianxf Exercises Bai t~p (-)jftfi Phonetics Ngit 8.m

104

I . tJ¥ if-m i1GJ Pronunciation and tones bljiao juede bangongl6u

pfxie quedian jiaoxuel6u

Ph8.n bi~t 8.m, thanh di~u t6ngxue dongxi yuyan yuyan gongyul6u sushel6u

Read oul the following phrases Dc;>c rO rilng

ift {r(i ::t- 9f ift {r(i -j;J *' ift {r(i '!' ~All '* '] fj- z. ,(f. '*flt

~M'* -X::t- 9f ;5l*1'1 *' -NT J"l '* 4!l j ;..._ ~~~

it!!. {r(i ::t- 9f ~ {r(i -j;J *' ~ {r(i .tll

'* '] *""t ,(f. ~!:."ff:

* J"l '* '!' j"_ ~

**1'1* ::t- M '* 4!lj M '* it!!, _,ff .,ff

~ {r(i ::t- 9f ~ iiil {r(i ,t- 9f k >t {r(i -j;J *' J"l '* {r(i -j;J *' ::t- 9f {r(i .tll J.i ;f.. {r(i .tll

'*'1~* '*'] ** ,(f. j"_ 11'.. ::k. '* ,(f. ~!:. "ff: ::k. '*

~ JIJl .&.. '!' j"_{ll '!' 00 >ii!. I!!

-tif-j;J *' 4!l j ::t- 9f it-~~

* JIJl .&.. :l:j"_~

-t!t- -lf- >ii!. I!! 1a 1'! *' 4[lj ~ ~111 '*fll

(=)ff~ Substitution Bili t;lp thay the'

1. A :1.t- '* '1 ft- Z. ? ~:l:_i_t-_il<_* __ -j"_-'*....,., ---,

B : ~ '* >J ~it- a IJ< {f JJj t._ 3'f. iif-

2 . A : 1;j; 111 {r(i ::t- 9~ :lt. ift ? I #. t: .tt if'. :l:>t B : ~ 111 {rlJ ;t- 9~ :lt. ..I.. ;t- ~ :#;. J.i ;f..

9~ 0

3 . A : ift :lt. 1,f. {r(i ::t- 9~ ? .

B: ..f..:t"~ :lt.~ 111:t"9~ a it!!. #. 1:r.111 #.1fl ~1fl

4. A: 1.t- ,(f. 'l!]I JL '* '1 ? 1;j; 111 it!!. it!!. 111 B .1' .!. k ,,. ~ •A __,._ •

: -1"Jt.. 't!!.i ~ ..i u ,y .. la a 3C. ~iiil :l:>t 11'.. ::k. '* '* '] 0

105

(=)~lAJtt{~ 9hoose the right wonis to fill in the blanks Ch9n tit di~n vito chti trOng

~- • • ~ ~* ~- # k. ~ I. 4\ 1fJ ,ti;. !!. -t- Of >]. ~ * 0

2. 4\ ~j%ft1J~-Jf *o 3. 4\ ,1.1:1fJ 0

4 . 11: Jl 'IJJI -t- ftlJ Of .i. ? 5 . Jl 11: 111 ftlJ ~ g;p ? 6 JJ. '" 'Io- ,,,, .,.. .. ~ .,,. .n. ? • ·1·J• lA. 1o R"J 1o r.o; ~!" ~J •

7. 4\~1fi; -rJL,i!.Jt4\111•ftli __ iali'fo

(i!!l)ffj!~lf.Jflt:ll!.JJJJ:"lf.J" Supply"if..J"in the proper places Them tit" trCJ" vilo vt tri thich hgp

I. i!.Jl.~1%~? 2. i!.Jl4\ -&-& ~ 0

3 JJ. " """ ."'- .J- ;;!. ;;!. .J. ? • "/'I•,..__ ·~1· I A "f "f ""- .

4 . 111!. Jl - !J'--1!l "*f A. o

5 . .& jjif ,t 1'11 Jl .£ ~ g;p 0

6. i!_Jl4\~~~i%1'JJl.o

(n)tflJB:\!Jtltlll:i}-J!llitlliJfl:ii!J!!lliJ Use interrogative pronouns to ask questions about the underlined parts

106

DU.ng d~i tit nghi va'.'n d{lt ciiu hOi cho philn g~ch ch8n.

9'J : 4\ ·~ .& jjif 0

1.1: ·~ 1t ~ ..t q. ?

I. .£ ~ g;p Jl 4\ ftlJ ~ g;p 0

2 . 111!. ftlJ ~ g;p Jl #. ~ g;p 0

3. 4\Jl:hii:t" kA.o 4. 4\1n•>J ~i%o 5 "' k ,, ~ .J- ;;!. ;;!. "<'.! • '<'<. -1" -Iv lf• A "f "f >J o

6. 4\{i.f-~o

(f;.)tft. fiJ Construct sentences Slip xCp th3.nh cliu

91 , :t- 97 A 111 k .l.. :t- 9ifi l!IJ -Am111J:t-9ifik.l..:t-9ifi.1.l..:t-9ifikAm111J:t-9ifi.

1. :ill i5l ~ ti * !!.. * >} 2. 1-t ~ ~ •l!i k A.

3 . ff ~ 111!. ,.t ~ ·~ 4 . k ~ :t .tt jf. '\1J]I fl{ * !!.. 5 . it: 1i. -l!!.. -t #: •.!!i 6 . k 1-t 1il "if!. :t- 9ifi l!IJ

(-l:;)'j\5Jllt~ii'i Complete the dialogues Hoan thimh hai hqi tho~i

A: ?

B: A•~ *-lf-o A: ?

B: Ak 'f ~ * !!.. A: ?

B: A'l'>J#i:~. A: ?

B: ~k lf1 :.f. A: ?

B: ~-ii.Ji.*. A: ?

B : ~ :t- 9ifi k A 111 UIJ :t- 9ifi •

(A)~lij:~~ Communication HQ,i tho~i giao tiCp

1 . 1J itl !If Greetings Chao hOi

A: it: -i-'\IJ]I Jl? B: A-i-d!~$]. 1-t~? A: Al§l'l'ft.

107

2. fiiJit!!.il.I: Inquiring ahout address HOi dia chi A: 1.t,-{i.~JL? B : A 1i. -t- f\..#; 0

3. fiiJ ft!. -J! Inquiring about a telephone number HOi sO di~n tho<iti A: M!. al; ~if; k j; :J·? B : tj- ;:r-; ~ ' A ;:r-; ~ if_ 0

(:IL) llil~ Reading Luy~n d9c

A·~ *-Jt , k ~ • flJ ¥'!:ta :kl!!.·~ 1~ ilil , ~k flJ ¥'!:ta M!.k 4\lai;~-~'#aAm•~~t*•~~~k'#'#~~•aAm al; ::t 9'P k _I. ::t 9'P 0 flt k 1ll -!tf al; ::t 9'P 0

:kl!!, ·~ lf1 * ' flt ·~ * iJ; ' lf1 * ;ft> * iJ; ;:r-; k flJ • !:t ' flt 111 k 'f •¥'!:t,fltm•¥'~4•aAm•L~*•~~~k'#al;'# !:to iA.iRflt1iJ4\l1fl~~o 4\l1fJk~'#,~k-JtfJlJl~o

(T)°!i!Ji't Learn to write Vie't chu Han

. .... £-__ ' •

"' --- .•.. ; ..•.. !•----- .... -

. .....•......

:

·····•···· •······

108

.

··-··•··--· · · ' · +··-··•-·-- I · ' · I

% .. •.:.. ,.... ...... '!" ... ···'15· % • .

·~~ ••• J.l rn .;,. m # • ••~ • .. µ.. .. • ~~ •• rn: . rn rn ... U I rn rn -~m

109

Lesson 15 :i2s: 1--~ -=f 11! :i:

BAI 15 cAI VA-LI NAY RAT N~G

c;;;;;o'"ru Kewen Texts Bai d<;>c

(-)i&-i'*liT-~&m:

( :ff. :jfL :lh )

A : 1* ;fj° JL -'i'- *" T ? NT y6u jl ge xiangzi?

B:i1J'; 1-o Liang ge.

A:1* if.) *"-f- ~ /f- ~? NT de xiangzi zhong bu zhong?

B::i!_ -'i'- *"-f- -f!l ~, ~ -'i'- /f- i\.. ~ o 1* if.J o/t.? Zhe ge xiangzi hen zhong, no ge bu tai zhong. NT de ne?

A:Ji_ Jl~JL 0 ~ if.J ~ -f!l ~o Zai nor. W6 de dou hen qlng

B: 1,f, if.J *" -'f- -f!l flt , ~ if.J -f!l IE! o

Ni de xiangzi hen xln, w6 de hen jiu .

A:~ -'i'- flt if.J /f- ~ ~ if.J, }t_ JVjh:_ if.) o

Na ge xln de bu shi w6 de, shi pengyou de.

Xiansheng. zhe xie hei .de shi shenme dongxi?

llO

B:~fl-~°Pio Zhe shl ylxie yl:Jo.

A:1t~ °Pi? Shenme yl:Jo?

B:tf °Pi 0

Zhong yl:Jo.

·A:~ fl ;f fl °Pi? Zhe shl bu shl yl:Jo?

B .• -r " -ti: ,• " ... : ~ ,,, 'AC. J"J , ~ 'AC. )"' 0

Zhe bu sh\ yao, zhe sh\ jiu .

A: fl~ Ji'­NIJ ge

~ -t- .'l. xiongzi rr

fl shl

1t ~? shenme?

Dou shl rlybngpln. Y6u liang jil:Jn ylfu, y\ ba son he

-1ffl.. % 7]<. ' :i£ :;ff° - ;f.. ~ ' i"i ~ g if 0

yl pfng xiongshuTr, hai y6u y1 ben sho, liang he cfdl:Ji.

Shengcr New Words Tu moi

1. :;ff° ( i;IJ ) you have, there be (hUu) c6

2. ~-t-(~) xiOngzi box, case, trunk ( tl.idng tlt) c8.i hOm, ntdng, va-li

3. ~ (Jf5) <hong heavy ( tr<;mg) n~ng

4. ~ (jf5) qlng light (khinh) nht;l

5 . IS (Jf3) jiU old, used ( (;\1U) cil,xua

6. . w.. ( jf3) hei black (h£c) den, tOl

7. Pi (~) yoo medicine (dude) thuOC

111

8. t P-5 ( i;) zhongyao Chinese medicine ('l'rung du:qc) thuOc b8c

~P-5 (i;) xTyOo Western medicine (tay' du\1c) thu6c tfly 9. i.>) ~ (i;) cidiOn dictionary (tit di@n) tU di~n

JO. )l!j (i;) jiU wine (tuu) ru:qu 11. .£ (i;) IT in, inside (ly) trong.

b&n trong

12. 8 Jf]J',, (i;) rlyOngpin daily necessities ( nh~t dl,lng) dO dUng

(ph£m) h8.ng ngfty 13. 1t (ft) jiOn article ( a quantifier) (ki~n) cfri 14. ;f<_Jjfl (i;) yTfu clothes (y phuc) ..

quan ao 15. .te:. (jt) ba (a quantifier for tools, (bi\) chie'c, c8.1

umbrellas,etc.)

16. ~ (i;) son umbrella <tan) 6, dU 17. #ii, (:I:) ping bottle( a measure word) (binh) chai. 19 18. if 7J<- ( i;) xiOngshulr perfume (hlidng thliy) nude hoa 19. "*- (ii:) ben copy (a measure word) (ban) quy~n, cuOn 20. 4-.na. (ii:) he box ( a measure "''ord) ( h?p) hQp 21. .. ~'" (or, ) cldti'1 tape (tu din/ <liii) bang tu.

·bang

*~n~~ BOchong shengci Supplementary New Words Tit b& sung

I. eI. ( i; ) boo hag (bao) tU1

2. .{,;f<_ ( i; ) mOoyT v-loolen S¥.'eater ( mao :Y) ao len dan

3. l2il 1*. Jl ( i; ) yu6nzhObT ball-pen ( vieI1 chUu bUt) btit bi

4. {fl ii.\ ( i; ) baozhT newspaper (bJ.o chl) bao

5. ~ [l:J ( i; ) ditU map ( dja d6) ba.1 dO

6. u (J!'- ) h6ng ced (h6ng) do

7. * (j[j) huang yellow (hoimg) v3.ng

112

a"OO Zhushi Note Chu thich

• li'l""'" :~vr, ;f J£ 8'J f£ JI! :lit mt£" - " , "PJlll" , "i1'" , "~v ~ li'l Jiil!I o f!iJ ~u , The quantifier"®" indicates an uncertain amount. It is often used after" - ","II.!!~" ,

"!tr" "'1111" ~ , 1lt> ,etc.

Lli<;ing tU" ®" bi~u thi s6 lu9ng ba'.t djnh, tht.idng dUng sau c:lc tU "-","II.!!~"

";i;",'~~T~dv-J!.\:.~ r,~~ ~ "il~ ,!_I:. ~ ;!. ,!_I:. it .,, "'

:± • : :It JjjJ .. "' " fl f!l f£ JjjJ .. - " ii

ffl , ;f fi'6 f!l ~lj 8'J f£ li'J r,'i % o ~ Note: The quantifier" ..t!t "can only be ;;:c.,A"

used with" - ". It does not collocate with r~

other numerals .

ChU Y: Lu\:lng tit"®" chi dUng vOi s6 tU"-" khOng th~ ke't hQp vOi sO tii

Grammar Ngu phap

( -) ~~i.PJinifttiJ The sentence with an adjectival predicate

cau v! ngii' hinh dung tit

ID•li'l~•~m•••••fi~•f!JW~o

kh<ic.

When an adjective functions as the predicate of a sentence, we call it a sentence with

an adjectival predicate. This type of sentences are used to describe or evaluate someone,

something, or a state of affairs ,

Cau vi ngU hinh dung tU dUng d~ mieu tii v8. dilnh giil s1,f v~t.

j!j-)£ 'iJ:: (affirmative fonn) : ( 1) ~ -1'- iii -f- .{fl "i: 0

Hinh thuc kh&ng dinh (Z) i5l 'f' .{fl* 0

i'iJE'iJ::(negative form) : ";f" + ID.J'r'li'Jo

Hinh thuc phu dinh ( 3) ~ ;f- •ti: 0

( 4 ) i5l it- ;;r-; *- ~- 0

( 5 ) tl]l -1'- iii -f- ;;r-; "i: 0

ID • li'l ll'I i<t ~ 8'J ±iii !O ll'I i<t z rm ;f tu" Jlo" , In a sentence with an adjeclival predicate," Ji!::" can not be inserted between the sub­

ject and the pr-~dicate .

Trong c§.u vt ngfi hinh dung tU, khOng them "Ji!::" v8.o giUa ch-ii ngU va v~ ngU.

;f ili : * ~ft .{fl ·~= 0 Khong n6i: * ~ft .{fl ·ti: o

113

~ f; W1 Rtr iii - A2: ~ 1W I~ W1 , illl "" ~ 11J ~ , 1lJ T- 9''1 ~ .~, :ff!- /f' .flJ A ff ti it >)J tm rnHW -fl It~ a<J ~ '* o .gtU11 : Adjectives in such sentences usually take an adverb before them. If they don' t have an adverb, the meanings of the sentences will not be descriptive, rather, they may imply a sense of comparison , e . g. Truoc hinh dung tu thuC1ng c6 ph6 tu, neu khong c6 ph6 tU thi cau khong con mangy nghia mieu ta ma c6 nghia so sanh. Thi dl,l:

(1 )~Ji'-7~~1f<.$o (2)~/i'-~~$, (JJ~.'J'-75t~ :1'*o) (3)~.'J'-;ffj-=j-~, (~.'J'-~ -=f ~o)

( =) ~ .Z. fii] ( 3) : JE.& liJJ 'liJ Interrogation ( 3) : The affirmative-negative question Hoi the nao (3): Cau hoi khing d!nh phu d!nh (chinh phan). remm~~d~a<J·~~~~~~*~B*~~-~&~1lloM~: An affinnative-negative question is one in which the affirmative and negative forms of the main element of the predicate are paralelled, e.g. Ke't h9p hinh thuc kh~ng d!nh

va hinh thuc phu d!nh trong thanh ph~n chu yeu cua vi ngU cau thanh cau hoi phan van. Thi dl,l:

114

(1) A: ~.il:1'.il;t­~ifi ? I #.1 .il ;t­!}ifi ~ .il?

B:Jlo 1:1'Jlo (2) A: 1~-!- :1' -!-? 11~

-!- ~-!- 4Ll 4t? I 1~ -t.-4~At :1' -!- ?

B:-:i.-o 1:1'-i-o

(3) A: {1: ·Ji: /f: •ti:?

B dl~..oti: o I ::1' ·ti: o

( =) "l'f.J"*iiiJ!ll "l'f.J" -phrases Tit tO chii' "l'f.J''

" a<! " '¥ i"J !I! :!lo Ill " a<! " '¥ llft :(E 11 i"J , ft lPl , JI> ~ lPl , illJ lPl 'l'l' ;ii; JPl ;;Ji; JPl !I! !ff i!Hll Ji< a<i , :!!; t1' m ;Ill ~ r 11 lPl , 1iJ ~J JE ~ 11 lPl ft~ JE ~ a<i 1'J r Ji< 7t , fl1an ,

A" Btl "-phrase is formed by attaching the particle"~" to a noun, pronoun, adjective

verb or phrase. Its grammatical functions are equal to that of nouns, e.g.

TU t6' chU "B{j" 18. do them "~" v3.o sau cvm tU ho$.c cac th\fc tU nhu' danh

tU. dt_1.1 tU, hinhdung tU, dQng tU ca'u t:;i.o thanh, ex) vai trO tu'dng dtidng nhi.i danh tU.

c6 thti 13-m danh tU, 18-m thilnh phfin c8.u. Thi d\l:

(1 )A:ititE*ii-1- Jl ijta<J?

B: i<l ff'J Jl~ Mi o

-$T Mi Jl ~ J!Jl g__ Mi 0

(2)A:itJlijta<J .f;? ,

B: itJl~%%ff'J o

@ji!Jl•l'~ It"~

!* :f:. :f. ,;_ ~:,~ * #~ (r ,. .;;I •• •

-~~

YOyTn

" 1/I,

Phonetics Ngu am

(-)jlijll!H(3) Wonl,tre5' (3) Tr9ngi\mtit

··~i"Jfi<llPl••••tE•lff-~-~~,ffl•:

'rhe stress in a multisyllabic word mostly falls on the last syllable, e.g.

1'r9ng am clla tU da 8.m tie't da s6 rdi v8.o Um tie't cuOi cling. Thi dv:

;x._ * ~ flt Pt.*~ #!- 'f l!I "1!. JJ:l

1l5

(=)ilf~(3) [ntonation (3) Ngii'di~u JE & iPJ '"1 , '"1 ~ ~ ifli , 1' l'E 'ii: ID: * , '& l'E 'ii: 1£ * , '"1 Ill * f!¥ ill! o fliJ ~a : The pitch in an affirmative-negative question is relatively high. The affirmative part is stressed; the negative part unstressed . The falling tone is used at the end of the sentence . Trong cau hOi li.;t:a ch9n, ngU di~u tVdng d6i cao, d9c nha'n m~nh hinh thUc kh:iing d~nh, d9c nh~ hinh thUc phi'.1 dinh, xua'ng gi9ng cu6i ciiu. Thi d1J.:

:!!. it ;;r:; it 'I' ~ ? • ,,..

1fi; * ;;r:; * "'JI k ? • ,,..

1fi; -t ;;r:; -t tt -T ? • ,,..

~"~~ Lianxl Exercises Bai tap (-)Uflf Phonetics Ngii B.m

1. Yfif'-JfiRiJ Pronunciation and tones Phan bi~t 8.m, thanh di~u zhongyao zhOngyao xiongzi xiangzhT cidian zldian nar nor yrtu yuto clctai zhTdai

2. $if "it ii~ Multisyllabic liaison D9c lien nhieu am tie't riyOngpln blxOpln gongylpln ylnshuapin zhanlanpin huazhuangpln

3. AA ]tt: Read out the following phrases D9c rO r8.ng

-#;f<.Jll -:t:Jit1t- -.re.~4> -.re.t-t-r - Jll\. -!-1]<. - Jll\. ~ ii!i --*--# - -*- -j.;J #l-*{ii;~ *{ii; .tll *{ii; 45 iitl!iJ~ *{ii;!{. *{ii; 1~ ~{ii; +!!. {ii; mr l!iJ lfl {ii; :t- g;p {ii; fl{ "¥' '.l l!i; it::F it -t ;:r- -t ·~ ;:r- ~ -k::F-k •Jf ;:r- •Jj- iii, ;;r:; iii. #; ;:r- #; ~;:r-~ :Y< ;:r- 1J< ~;;r:;~ ,ff. ;:r- ,ff. ~;:r-~ i<f ;:r- i<f J'ft::r-J'ft •ti: T- ·Ii: #T-ffei" "/! OJ ;:r- "¥' ;<] >k~T-~~

116

(=)ftjl Sul'.stitution Biti t~p thay the' 1. A: :i!.:ll tt ~ '? ~:JF.--. ___ !I._:JF.-_ .. __ _

B: :i!.:ll ~ o 1'J .jl;. ill.* 1>J .j!;. A : :i!. :ll tt ~ ~ ? ,fit if * jj-,fit if B: tf ~o ( i!. :ll tf ffe,t tf'j:_ffe,t

~o) >tl!.00 tf~>tl!,00

2 . A : i!. -1'- ;iQ T :ll ift {!/] ?

B: ~{!/Jo A: i!.-1'-tQ -'fi: ~ i:? B: ~fl-f: o

. . . ,it " .::F :ll ~ ? 3. A: ~~~ ' - . B: .::F :ll 0 ( i!. '*' .::F :ll

~ o)

4 . A : 1.t- -!- .::F -!- ·~ $i ? B: -!-a

. A: 14~;i<~;i<.:f*-?

B: ;r;;i<,~;i<~-'fo

.f-

.re, # iii.. .f-

:Jf.-,fit if

-!-, vt

·~

* ~

~ * #"-'f -t: -R»ll # -if* -it 1'].jl;. :!tf

il!i 1'].jl;.

>ti!. f!l .tll ~"'

1!l4i" ~-'f v.1f. il!i >t. '#-1') #;. /. 1'i:i "

ho, "' ~·~

i.lt. "* 1'J * >tl!.00 i!}~

ffe .t @, {ll il!i :Jf.-

11

<=> ~ff:fl:jif)t1(~ Choose the right quantifiers to fill in the blanks Ch9n tit thich hgp di~n vB.o ch& trOng

Jill. .re, ;f.. # j;: -1'- {i

I. - __ ,$] 4'- 2 . ilfJ :If. * 3. ___ l"l'* 5 . .Ji. -# --

4. ~ -f,;i<. -- 6 . ;, __ Ai& ;Jft-7 . -1:; __ ·~ il!l 8. f\ .. __ :t- 9'[i 9. -j-__ *.t

(mJ)jf.f8~!f!QCJjif)J:A:AiQ~f!llf Put the words in the brackets in the proper places Di~n tit trong ngo;lic vfto v! tr~ thich h<!p

l.Ai!Jti:.B,t-#,!J~Jt!:.C~D>l-#o (-d!,) 2.A ~111 B .,{_ C fit *.i.o (~) 3. ~A 1i.-J-~.B :It C 1i. D-t~~ (-d!.) 4. :It~~ A.,{_~ ~A,B :lt:kl!;!l!i C .,{_ D ~ ~A•J!i? 5. :11!!.A 'if'>J~ii-.~-d!.B *>];5tii-,C~1fJ D '*>]i5tii-o 6. ~A*-# ,B * C iJf}j;: DA!ii;J/t-o (JJ!)

(Ji.)fill?;lilJ~ Answer the questions Tr& lffi ciiu hOi f§il:A: 1.t--f.;;r-t.ii~PJ?

B: ~:f.;i-il~Pio

1. 1t- * :f * iJt ii-i"l * ? 2 . 1.t- •t :f -t e?.. -'f ? 3 . 1.t-~ :f ·~ il!i ? 4 . 1t fiiJ -# ,fJf :f ,fJf ? 5 . 1.t-1i. :f 1i. '* ~ fiiJ .m 1'-? 6. it-fiii~-T~:f~?

( 1') '.Ji:@t~it Complete the dialogues HoB.n th3.nh b3.i hQi tho0;ti !§~ : A : 1.t- 1'i :f 1') i5t :f- ?

B: ~:f 1') i5t:f-o

1. A: ?

B: i!>l~fiii e?..o

18

( -d!.) (~)

2. A: _____ ?

B: 4\;f:-!-o 3. A: ?

B : 4\ ;fr .\!. J} o 4. A: ?

B: 4\~ll·li= o

5. A: ?

B: :li!.;f: k k 1\1 A.o 6. A: ?

B : 4\ ;f: ~ .Ii.If '11} o

( -1::;) lll!.\il:tJ !1 l!l11r J11 lit fiil ft i"IJl iiiJ U.e interrogative pronouns to ask questions

about the underlined parts

DU.ng d~i tit nghi va'.'n d~t cau hOi cho ph.in g~ch chRn

j§IJ , _s_ ,t- r.p k 4\ 111 tr1i ,t- 9;p o -if! k 1.t.1n tr1i ,t- r.p ?

1. ll!, jjjj" k 4\ irl] Jiii .&. 0

2 . * it.. k El ,t- 9;p irl] <¥' 1. 0

3. :lt,l.£,t-9;pirl]~Ao

4. -11!!.>l.4\ 1n tr1i ~ * o 5. Jl]l,l.'f Pjo

6. i!.Jt. *ill j.iJ * 0

7 ,.. " ·'" .,. ..,. . ..i.c.-.iE:.. IA. 1:12 17 0

8. i!.'11? :illk* ~ '1S 0

9. 4\•~1fo 10. :lt-{i..::..f-;:..~o

(J\.)~~~18 Communication HOi thoai giao tie'p . . 1. jg ®f Lost and found Th6ng b!io nh~n li;i.i cU.a rdi

A: i!.+ '1S l!!.k if! irlJ? B: >l.4\trlio

119

A: ~1t.a B: i#i#!

2. ttiiJ...$~«.ffF Xac nh;)n ten st,t v*t ( oJf ill W, t'i) (Nhin tranh va mieu ta)

A: :i!Jl1t ~? B: itll it Jliii a

A: llJll!PJlft~? B: !If> J!P fl.ft.£: a

D

it Iii i;\11 £1'~ diOnnao zhUji xianshlql cor.-puter processor screen may ti11h mtly chU m8.n'hinh

hi~n thi I>.# <I: J.t

ffi * •,hObiOo ruanpan chot6u 11101 lS~ floppy disk plug

r;o11 chu9t ilia mem d8.u ciim, phich cim

UL· l '.fj t:! "I' Learn to write Vie't chU Han

• •

it J.t jf,J(c jicmpan kaiguan keyboard switch ban phim c6ng tile

ffi ~ tr fp ;\IL chazuo daylnF socket printer

6ciim mUy in

r ;~~-ti --, 71 71· .. 7)< ........... ... ...... .... ..... ..... . . . _ , 1-- -- . -f- --

'

f

,;m 1 = ,~. ,,,1 m m m '~~f _l··~·11~- A~1-. .&-~ .• -.. + ... ~+--.+ ... --:+-.. :--:.-:-.. -+-.~+-->-+~-1--<--J 1_•:r

• ~ I rn; .. ~rn J,-rn ••~••. 7fu •• ··~··· •

~ I ,,. ... ··~·· ·1'?·· ··~·· ··~ •

i

Jfl I J11 A I fl Fl .. Jfl. .... .. • ..... ! ·····•······, ....... . . . i ' • '

1~ L + .. J'.> .. 1;1. ···'*1·· .. ········ ........ ·. . .... :.

------- . - ···-----· --- ------· ..

- ---- ; ...

. ··if····· -'- >- ... ····~····-*·* *····~···if : ..

I

~ I ·' .... .o .... "'7.· ...... 1

.. W!.' ... 'f' ...... 1$1 ······~··· ..• ~ ...... ··~···· ·~···· ·~··· ,._ .... I 1•: I•~ ,.~,

L___J_~-~-'-~--'-'--'---'------'---'-'--'---'-' .~· --'--'----'

121

~ j[ ~ , . BANG TU'VlJNG

'i'_ jiiJ jiijtt flt if ill.\} Tit mOi Tit lo'ili Phienam Nghia tie'ng Vi~t Bili sO

A jliij fl): j I'! :Jc (:Jc) Alab6wen tie'ng A R~p 5

B }\ (Ii:) ba s68 I PE\ ( Jl!J ) ba (trQ tit) 6 !El (:II) bO Ouqng tit) 15 ~~ (11) baba bO, cha 2 s ( J!i) b6i trl1.ng 1 a (Ii:) bai tram 10 ~ ( 11) bOn 18p 14 ~* bOngOng lam vi~c 11 ;JJ.01il: (11) bOngOngshl van phOng, phOng 18.m vi~c II 1'! r (11) baozi tiii 8 * (:R) ben (luqng tit) 15 *r ( 11) benzi ' , quyen vd 12 itiil (110 bTjiOo so slinh 14 jjlj 8'J (ft) biede kh<ic 9 OF ( 110 bu kh6ng I OF 11' 'l: bu keqi khOng c6 gl, ell tl,t nhien 10

c :Iii ( 11) ch6 tra, cay che 6 PZ; ( #)) chi an 8 jjij !14 <«) cldiOn tU diJn 15 ~* ( «) cfdOi bang, biingtU, 15

D

* ( J!i) da to, lOn 1 122

*'* (~) daxue trttdng di;i.i hqc 14

ti'1 ( l!li ) de (trQ tu) 3

itix (~) Dewan tie'ng DUc 5

~ (;Ii) deng di;ii, dQi chO 10

J1'l J1'l (~) dldi em trai 2

AUL (:R) diOnr mQt chUt 6

~ (~) di an di~n 11

~ ii!i (~) dianhua di~n thoi;i.i 11

)jil'§ (~) dong xi d6, v~t, cai, thU 12

tll UM) dOu d€u 12

it (;Ii) du d9c 14

M 01>) dul dU.ng 10

M1'® dul bu ql xin lOi 13

$ 01>) duo nhieu 9

$j> (ft) duoshao bao nhieu 9

E

lltX (~) Ewen tie'ng Nga 5

(!&) er 4

F

~'If (~) fOyin ph8.t am " ,

Ii~~ (~) folang Phap 10

l!X (~) Fowen tie'ng Phap 5

lllif (;Ii) fOnyl dich, phien dich 2 i& (~) fan cdm, bUa cdm

8 :5t (:It) fen XU

9

G jt!;ffi(jG) (~) gongbl(yuan) dO la H6ng COng 10

llf llf (~) gege anh trai 2

1- (:R) ge (hIQng tu) 8

!it (;Ii) gei cho, dua cha 9

!it (fl-) gei cho, de'm li;i.i cha 13

0~ (~) gongyuan c6ng vien 4

123

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