--.HA,UL mOutTRY

RESEARCHCEnTRE

~-ATIIII Company

Contents 1 I Halal Food Analysis 44II Ensuring Food and Other Consumer Goods

Message 2!

to be Authentically HalalMinister of Domestic Trade, Cooperative ,and Consumer Affairs Malaysia I Halal Cosmeceuticals: The Vogue

I And The Vague 50Message 4 I Are Halal and Toyyibah Aspects of CosmeticThe Chief Executive Officer - !Products Being Overlooked?TM Info-Media Son Bhd

IHalal Issues In Pharmaceutical

Foreword by Rector 8 Products 56International Islamic University Malaysia Urgent Need to Have Modem and EfficientAbout IIUM Halallndustry Research Centre !Production of Pharmaceuticals and

I Biopharmaceuticals

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Chief Executive Officer NasatUddin bin Mohd zanHead of Bussiness Strategy & Marketing Jimmy YangHead of Sales &ic Chew

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Joint Editorial TeamAssoc. Prof. Dr: Hamzah Mohd. Sa/leh

Jamal Abdul Nasser Zainal AbidinAbdul Rahim AhmadMmad Md Radzuan

Asma NasaruddinTechnical Support Mazidah RamfiDesigner 'rUsroyka Karim

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Halal Audit: An Overview 26Ensuring Compliance to Processes TowardProducing Halal Products

"Veggie Gelatin", Why Not? 36Extensive Research to Explore the Potentialof Malaysian Plants

Halal Meats And FrozenFoods: 18The Halal Abattoir, Packaging, Storage AndHandling

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Disclaimer'This Halal Pages directory on products, food and services (hereinafter referredto as the HalaJ Pages) has been prepared and published by TM Info-MediaSdn BOd (TMIM) solely for information purposes from infoonatioo and materiaJsu~lied to lMlM by prodUCllJMlers, suppliers contractors, services providers,insuratn! ccmpanies, banks and linancial institutions (hereinafter referred to"&Wiers1. None 01 the information and material content in this Halal Pages ex00 whdl this HaIaI Pages is based (the '1nformaIion1 has ooen indepenjentlyverified by TMIM. TMIM and any of ~ OOk1iog~, SLtlsidiaries aoo'exaffiliates 00 oot make any represenlalioo or warranty, exjnSS or implied, asto Ire accumcy ex C(lIll)Ieteness a11tlis HalaI Pages or for Ite ~tioocontained in, or for any orrissioo from, INS HalaI Pages and each of the saidpany "",essly _med any _ f« _lion..warrnnties ("'JlI'SS

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WIlhouI prefOOce to the generality of the frxegoing, the advertisement of "halal"prOOL£t, food and services in this Halal Pages~ made byTMIM based 00the Suppliers representalioo 00 the validity of their Halal certifICates as at thedate of publication of the said advertisements aoo TMIM shall not be liable anddisclaim any ability whatsoever from any daims arising out of ex due to anyexpiration, termination al1d suspensk>n of the said Halal certif~te including,without limitation, any matters relating to the validity of such Halal certificatetllat may occur thereafter."

88Commenda Partnership(Mudarabah) - An OverviewJustice and Fairness in UndertakingBusiness Rewards and Risks

Synthetic Bone As A Solution ForHalal Bone Grafts Implantation64Demand For Bone Graff Has Been IncreasingSteadily

10

Muslim-friendly Facilities In TheHospitality Industry 70

I Offering Facilities in Accordance WithIReligious Tenets

I The Dire N.eed For A Portal On, Halal Matters 76I AOne-Stop Source of Information On theI Concept of Halal?

I31 I Istihalah (Transformation Of

i Things) & Halal Industry 82I Not Based Upon What It Was, But BasedI Upon What It Is

I

An Overview Of The Brunei HalalI Industry 90

38 A 263-hectare Agro Technology Park tofacilitate local and foreign halal businesses

32

Advertisers' Index

The Importance Of Halal InIslamic Law And Muslim Life 12Fundamental Principles and Cardinal ValuesPertaining to Human Welfare

Halal Food Seminar 09

Halal Processed Food AndBeveragesSome Concerns on Food Additives andIngredients

General Guidelines For HalalFood PreparationUnified Standard of Halal Certification isImportant to Globalize Halal Products

Maizirwan Me! and Hamzab Mohd. Sal!eh - maizirwan@iium.edu.rnv

Halal Issues and Challenges

In general, ingredients involved in pharmaceuticalproduction can be sub-divided as (a) process materials{materials utilized in the production process, in R&Dlaboratory and manufacturing); (b) pharmaceuticalexcipients {inactive ingredients component includedin the final pharmaceutical formulation); (c) activepharmaceutical ingredients, API (any substance or

mixture of substances that is the activeingredient of the drug, intended tocause pharmacological activity or otherdirect effect in the diagnosis, cure,mitigation, treatment or prevention ofdisease or to affect the structure andfunction of the body}; and (d) analyticalreagent {chemical substances thatcontain sufficient purity that can detectany chemical substances for chemicalanalysis}. All active pharmaceuticalingredients (API) and excipients shouldbe tested for safety, efficacy, quality,and hygiene before selecting for usagein the production of pharmaceuticals.The materials present in the finalpharmaceutical product requireverification that they are non-hazardous(not poisonous or toxic) before theyare made available to consumers. Theremainder of this essay touches on someof the common ingredients used in thepharmaceutical industry.

One of the long-standing issuesregarding pharmaceuticals andbiopharmaceuticals affecting Muslimconsumers is the use of gelatin in manyof these products. Gelatin is a proteinwhich is normally obtained from twomajor sources: pcrcine (mostly from theskin and lately from the bone as well) andbovine (cow bone and hide). There is anurgent need to have modern and efficientproduction plants to supply halal gelatinsuitable for the food and pharmaceuticalindustries.

lactose Mostly sourced from cow's milk. No issue. HaIaJmonohydrate

2 microcrystalline manufactured from controlled chemical hydrolysis fromcellulose plant materials. No issue. Halal

3 corn starch From plant source. edible food substance andessentially nontoxic No issue. Hala/

4 magnesium A magnesium salt of stearic acid fat. Normally from pigstearate or non-Shariah slaughtered bovine source. vegetable

source also possible. Used as lubricant in capsule ortablet preparation. halal and haram status dependson the source. Mushbooh (doubtful) if source is notmentlOf1€d'

5 silicon dioxide Transparent. tasteless, powder that is practICallyinsoluble in water. Main component of beach sand.Used as an absorbent and flow agent in supplements.May hinder digestion or uptake of other nutrientsand deplete HCI. Chitosan (from exoskeleton ofcrustacean) is an alternative.

6 ~lac A resin from the lac insect (a tropical insect) thatconsists of a complex: organic~ molecule(s).Used as pharmaceutical tablet coating. Mushbooh(doubtfuQ or haram for some.

1 Gelatin Sourced mainly from porcine and bovine. also couldcome from marine source. Halal jf from marine orbovine source that has been Islamicafly slaughtered.Haram • sourced from pog. Mushbooh (doubtfuij •source is not mentioned.

8 Croscarmelfose From plant source. AA internally cross-linked sodiumsodium carboxymethylcelfulose. Used as a disintegrant in

pharmaceutical formulations. No issue. Hafal

0,

"

Beside gelatin. there are other excipients that maybecome an issue for Muslim consumers because lackof information/explanation. These excipients includedyes, flavors, binders. emollients, fillers, lubricants,preservatives, and many more classifications. It isnot intended here to list all of the ingredients foundin pharmaceutical products but some of the mostcommon used pharmaceutical excipients are lactosemonohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose. magnesiumstearate, silicon dioxide, corn starch, croscarmellosesodium and shellac,

Another pharmaceutical ingredient that always bringsconcern to Muslims is alcohol, more appropriatelyethanol or ethyl alcohol. Ethanol is one of the mostlyused liquid that serves as 'stabilizer' for a liquidform of medicine and also as a solvent in extractionprocess for pharmaceutical products. Alcoholcompounds {hydroxyl (-DH) containing functionalgroup} are generally allowed with the conditions thatit is not derived from khamr (intoxicating alcoholicbeverage or liquor) production and the quantity ofethanol (ethyl alcohol) in the final halal product (food orpharmaceuticals) is very small trace and that it will not

ITEM REMARKS

intoxicate - current tolerable amountof 0.01 % in the final product for halalcertificate in Malaysia.

In pharmaceutical production thereshould not be any components thatare not halal or doubtful accordingto the Shariah law, be it in largeor small quantities that couldjeopardize the halal considerationof the pharmaceutical. In addition,the processing area and all theprocesses should be free from anycontamination from najs (filth) andmicroorganisms. The pharmaceuticalproducts for halal considerationshould follow legislation andrequirement enforced by the legaland verified authority. In Malaysiafor example, these competentauthorities include the Halal IndustryDevelopment Corporation (HOC) andState Islamic Religious DepartmenVCouncil. Competent certifyng

authorities will examine all materialsand detail processes used in theproduction of the pharmaceuticals.Once approved, the manufacturershould adhere to the conditions forthe usage of the halal cetificationand logo. The halal status can besuspended or revoked if there is anybreach in halal requirement andlorfailure to submit regular annualreport.

Halal Issues inBiopharmaceuticals

The 21 st century is said to be thecentury for biotechnology. It canbring a lot of benefits but also raisesa lot of concerns to many people,society and countries. Geneticallymodified organism (GMO) is one ofthe fnuits of modern biotechnology.GMO is an outcome of a deliberatemanipulation of the geneticmaterial of an organism - bacteria,yeasts, fungi, plants and animals.Biotechnological techniques andprocesses, as well as the GMOprovide new opportunity in thepharmaceutical industry - productionof biopharmaceuticals.

At least two major concerns affectMuslim consumers with regard tobiopharmaceutical products andthe materials and processes usedin the making of such products.The genes in any of the proceduresandlor GMO in the production ofbiopharmaceuticals must come fromhalal sources. If these genes arefrom non-halal sources or doubtful

63 HALAL PAGES

sources, the biophanmaceuticalswill not be suitable for Muslimconsumers. The vector and thehost for the expression of proteinsmust be validated that they donot pose any threat of toxicity orpathogenic. In addition, ingredientsused in the growth media andsubsequent downstream processingshould be safe and devoid of haramor doubtful materials. Proteins,monoclonal antibodies, honmonesand enzymes are some examples ofbiopharmaceutical products.

Concluding Remarks

It is a challenge to educate andconvince manufacturers and societythat halal products - food andphanmaceuticals - are not merelyonly for Muslims. Halal food andpharmaceuticals are very clean,safe and quality products for allconsumers since they are preparedfollowing the Islamic guideline as wellas other internationally recognizedstandards.