Hajj – The Fifth Pillar Of Islam

استطاع ” من البيت حج الناس على وللهسبيال ” عمران) اليه (97آل

“And pilgrimage to the House is a duty unto Allah for mankind, for him who can find a way

thither”. 3:97

What is Hajj?

Hajj, Pilgrimage is:

the fifth pillar of Islam. Pilgrims go to the Holy Mosque in Makkah; if they can physically and financially afford; to perform particular rites at particular places in particular times.

Hajj has four pillars 1) Ihram

The Rites of Hajj

Ihram is the state of sacred purity the Muslim faithful must enter before conducting the hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca. Ihram is achieved through ritual cleansing, shaving and manicure for men. Men symbolize their state of Ihram by wearing a white, two-piece, seamless garment--sheets or towels--that covers the upper and lower part of the body. Women's clothing doesn't have to follow a particular form as long as it is modest.

Hajj has four pillars 2. Staying in Arafah

This is one of the basic rights of pilgrimage with ought which the Hajj becomes invalid and the pilgrims presence at Arafat should be during a specific period of time: from the noon of the 9th of Dhul Hijja until the daybreak of the day of sacrifice, 10th of Dhul Hijja. At Arafat, worshipers devote themselves to Allah asking forgiveness, displaying submission and performing prayer.

The Rites of Hajj

Hajj has four pillars 3. Tawaf-ul Ifadha

In his Hajj, the prophet (pbuh) returned on the 10th of Dhul Hijja to Mina where he threw the pebbles and shaved, he then took off his Ihram and rode to Mecca to make Tawaf Ul-Ifadah. It is the main Tawaf in the Hajj rituals.

The Rites of Hajj

Hajj has four pillars 4. Saye between Safaa and Marwa

The Saye is performed by walking briskly seven rounds between the two hillocks of Safaa and Marwah, starting first from Safaa to Marwa, then back from Marwa to Safaa and so on. This is to remember the Saye made my Hajar between the two hills looking desperately for water to her thirsty baby Ismail.

The Rites of Hajj

شعائر من والمروة الصفا انفال اعتمر او البيت حج فمن اللهومن بهما يطوف ان عليه جناح

فان( (158البقرة خيرا تطوععليم شاكر الله

معلومات( “ (197البقرة اشهر الحج ” The pilgrimage is (in) the

well-known months,

The first meaning of Miquat refers to the time in which the pilgrim is allowed to enter the state of Ihram for Hajj. This is between the first of Shawwal to the 9th of Dhul Hijja every year.

When is Hajj: Al-Miquat (1)

يسالون“عن كاالهلة

هي قلمواقيت للناس ”الحّج�

( 189البقرة ) “

Stations of Ihraam Stations of Ihraam

The second meaning of Miquat refers to the stations every pilgrim cannot pass to Mecca with ought entering the state of Ihram. There are five stations as marked on the map.

Al-Miquat (2)

9

Tamattu’ ( التمتع ) Umra then Hajj during the months of Hajj Pilgrim called Mutamatti’ (متمتع) Requires Hady (animal sacrifice)

Kinds of Hajj

Qiran ( رانBالق ) Combined Umra and Hajj during the months of HajjPilgrim called Qaarin (قارن)Requires Hady (animal sacrifice)

The Prophet ( وسHلم عليHه اللHه asked his companions (صHلىto do Tamattu’, even though he did Qiran because he brought the Hady (animal for sacrifice) with him.

Ifrad ( اإلفراد ) Hajj only during the months of HajjPilgrim called Mufrid (مفرد)Does not require Hady

HajjUmra

Hajj

Umra Hajj

1. Ihram for Hajj

Sequence of Rites

Hudayb

iyah

Arafah

Tan'eemJi'ranahNakhla

Adhah Libn

Makkah

AB

C

A. If you are coming from outside (Africa, Europe, Madinah, etc.), assume Ihram at or before the Meeqat.

If you are in Madinah, you make Ihram from the Meeqat of Dhul-Hulayfah (Abyar Ali).

B. If you are within the Mawaqeet limits but outside the Haram of Makkah (like Jeddah), assume Ihram from your place.

C. If you are inside the Haram of Makkah (in your residence in Makkah for example), assume Ihram from your place as well (unlike Ihram for Umra).

8th of Dhul Hijja Mina

Go to Mina in the morning of Yaum at-Tarwiyah (8th of Dhul-Hijjah).

Pray Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, ‘Isha and Fajr in their times with qasr (shortening Dhur, Asr and Isha to 2 Rak’at).

Spending this night in Mina is a Sunnah. For some scholars it's a Wajib.

Use your time to gather your thoughts and prepare for the next day: the day of Arafah.

Sequence of Rites (2)

Arafah - 9 Dhul-HijjahMountain of

Arafah

The Prophet ( الله صلىوسلم said: "There (عليه

is no day on which Allah frees more of His slaves from Fire than the Day of Arafah. He draws near, then praises them before the angles, saying: What do they seek?"

Sequence of Rites (3)

Arafah - 9 Dhul-Hijjah

Masjid Namirah

Pray Dhuhur and Asr at Masjid Namirah, two Rak’at each, combined at the time of Dhuhur, after listening to the Imam’s sermon.

It may be difficult to go to Masjid Namira because of the crowd. In which case you may pray in your camp with your group. This saves a lot of time.

Namira is not part of Arafah, but part of the Masjid is within the limits of Arafah.

Sequence of Rites (3)

Arafah border

Arafah

Outside Arafah

M a s j i d N a m i r a

A Day of Du’a The Day of Arafah

Sequence of Rites (3)

The Prophet ( وسلم عليه الله :said (صلى“The best thing that I and the Prophets have said on the evening of Arafah is:

لُك3 ” الم3 له3 له، ريُك6 ش6 ال و6حَد6ُه3 الله3 إال إله6 القَد;ير يٍء= ش6 كّل@ ع6لى و6 ُه3 و6 مَد3 الح6 “و6له3

"Laa ilaha illallaahu wahdahu laa

shareeka lahu lahul mulk wa lahul hamdu

wa huwa 'alaa kulli shay'in qadeer.”

There is no god except Allah, He has no partner. To Him belongs all sovereignty and praise, and He is over all things omnipotent.

Sequence of Rites (4)After Arafah pilgrims leave to Muzdalifah where they Pray Maghrib and Isha combined. They may collect pebbles here to stone the Jamaraat in Mina.They then sleep until Fajr. At the beginning of Fajr time pilgrims pray Fajr preferably at Al-Mash’ar Al-Haram. They move then ahead to Mina.

Mina 10th Dhul Hijja

You arrive to Mina the morning of the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah.

This is the busiest day of Hajj. You will be doing the following:1. Stone Jamrat al-'Aqabah2. Sacrifice an animal3. Shave or trim off your hair4. Go to Makkah to do Tawaf

al-Ifadah & Sa'y and come back to Mina

Sequence of Rites (5)

Tawaf -ul- Ifadha Ramy Jamratul Aqabah, Shaving or

trimming, Slaughter an animal for Hady: When Pilgrims do any two of these rites they can get a first stage of tahallul (off Ihram)

Then the go to Masjid Alharam and make Tawaf al-Ifadah in the same way as in the Tawaf of arrival, except that there is no Idtiba’ (uncovering right shoulder) or Ramal (bold walk) in this Tawaf.

At the end of tawaf they pray two Rak'at behind Maqaam Ibraheem, if possible, or anywhere in the Masjid if not.

After Tawaf ul-Ifadah pilgrims are in a state of complete TaHallul ( األكبر .(التحلّلAll restrictions of Ihram are lifted.

Sequence of Rites (6)

Sa’y between Safa & Marwah

Then you do Sa’y

between the Safa and Marwa

as described before. Sa’y is a pillar of Hajj

Sequence of Rites (7)

Sequence of Rites on the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah

Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: I saw the Prophet near the Jamrah and the people were asking him questions. A man asked, "O Messenger of Allah! I have slaughtered the Hady (animal) before doing the Ramy." The Prophet replied, "Do the Ramy (now) and there is no harm." Another person asked, "O Messenger of Allah! I got my head shaved before slaughtering the animal." The Prophet replied, "Do the slaughtering (now) and there is no harm." So on that day, when the Prophet was asked about anything as regards the ceremonies of hajj performed before or after its due time his reply was, "Do it (now) and there is no harm." Narrated by al-Bukhari.

Ramyul Jamaraat Speding Nights in Mina

Sequence of Rites (7)

Pilgrims then spend 2 to 3 days in Mina making dhikr, prayers

and du’a. Everyday they stone the three Jamaraat with 7 pebbles each.

Tawaf -ul- Wada’

The Prophet ( وسلم عليه الله :said (صلى"None of you should depart until he makes his last act Tawaf of the House."

Farewell Tawaf (al-Wada’) is an obligatory act on everyone except menstruating women who are excused.

The prophet ( وسلم عليه الله used (صلىto carry Zamzam water with him in water skins and containers, and he used to pour it upon the sick and give it to them to drink.

When you finish the Tawaf you leave the Masjid without delay.

Sequence of Rites (8)

22

Summary of Rites’ Sequence

22

Hajj Summary1 - Ihram• Assume Ihram from a Meeqat or your residence if you are in Makkah• Clean yourself and take a shower• Put on two Ihram garments & slippers/sandals• Pray two Rak'at or a prescribed Salat• Make intention and say "labbayk Allahumma Hajjaa"• Recite Talbiyah• Go to Mina

Muzdalifah

Mina

Arafah

3 - Day of Arafah - 9th

• Arrive in Arafah before or around Duhr on the 9th

• Pray Duhr and Asr combined with Qasr early in the time of Duhr• Spend the day in supplication and remembrence of Allah• Leave Arafah for Muzdalifah after sunset

2Meeqat

2 - Mina - 8th

• Arrive in Mina in the morning• Spend the day and night there• Pray Duhr, Asr, Maghrib, Isha and Fajr in their time with Qasr• Leave Mina for Arafah after sunrise (9th)

1

1

4 - Muzdalifah - 10th

• Arrive in Muzdalifah at night• Pray Maghrib and Isha combined with Qasr• Sleep the night until Fajr• Pray Fajr early in its time & then make Dhikr• Leave Muzdalifah for Mina shortly before sunrise

3

5 - Mina - 10th

• Arrive in Mina in the morning• Go to Jamrat al-Aqabah and stone it with 7 pebbles• Slaughter your animal• Shave or trim off your hair• First TaHallul: Take off Ihram towels. All restrictions lifted except sexual intercourse• Take a shower and put on normal clothes• Go to Makkah for Tawaf al-Ifadah

4

6 - Makkah - 10th

• Proceed to al-Masjid al-Haram• Perform Tawaf al-Ifadah• Perform Sa'y• Full taHallul: All restrictions lifted• Go back to Mina

5

7 - Mina - 11th, 12th & 13th

• Spend the days of Tashreeq and their nights in Mina• Stone the 3 Jamarat every day between Duhr and Maghrib• You may leave on the 12th after stoning and before sunrise if you wish

6

8 - Makkah – Last Day• Perform Tawaf al-Wada' (farewell Tawaf)• Make it the last thing you do in Makkah

7

Community & Service Every year over 3.000 000

Muslims descending from different corners of the globe meet in Hajj. They all wear two pieces of clothe, repeat almost the same prayers and do the similar rites in a unique exercise of unity, equality and brotherhood.

Pilgrims form a unique community when they meet in Makkah. When they are back home they inspire Muslims worldwide to join the same level of community cohesion

Link to AOIs

وعلى” رجاال ياتوك بالحج الناس في واذنعميق فج كّل من ياتين ضامر (27الحج“ ) كّل

Health & Social Education

Coming from different parts of this world, pilgrims and the Muslim authorities worldwide are aware of the potential spread of deceases. Precautions are, therefore, taken to protect the pilgrims’ community.

Immunization before travelling, hygiene services, providing medicines and medical services, ambulances, first aid etc are few examples of health services.

Link to AOIs

Health & Social

Education Millions of people arrive in a very

short time to stay together at the same place in a very short time.

They are very busy with performing their rites.

They can only live peacefully if they’re well behaved.

No pushing, no swearing, no harm to animals, trees and even to lost properties.

Support one another, keep smiling, don’t ever feel desperate.

What a high standard of H&SE!

Link to AOIs

وال ” رفث فال الحج فيهن فرض فمن معلومات اشهر الحجوتزودوا الله يعلمه خير من تفعلوا وما الحج في جَدال وال فسوق

( “ البقرة االلباب اولي يا واتقون التقوى الزاد خير (197فان

Environment Cool down heat

Temperature is usually very high, jet Of water is used to cool down weather.

Cooling system is also used to absorb the heat from the big mosques floors.

Cutting trees or killing animals purposefully and for any reason may invalidate the hajj.

Muslims are always prevented of any kind of waist of water

Link to AOIs

Human Ingenuity Modern Transportation

The use of modern technology in transportation helped the huge increase of pilgrims number.

The recent introduction of railways will smoothen the movement of pilgrims between the different rites in Hajj.

Link to AOIs

Link to AOIs: Human Ingenuity

Civil Engeneering and modern architecture has changed the face of Mekkah & Medinah in order to make Hajj a comfortable journey and increase the capacity of its facilities to accommodate the increasing number of pilgrims and visitors

Fire proof tents to accommodate the pilgrims safely in Mina

The new developed structure in Mina aims at protecting

pilgrims from deadly accidents

Link to AOIs: Human Ingenuity

Bibliography

Books: Abdalati, H, Islam in focus, (2002) Department of islamic affairs and

ministry of awqaf state of Qatar, Doha. Middle school Islamic studies text book, learning Islam level 3, (2007)

Islamic services foundation, USA.Qatar red crescent, haaj health guide, (not dated), Doha.Tabbarah A.A, The Spirit Of Islam, (2001) dar el-ilm lil malayin,

Beyrout.Waris Maqsood R, examining religeons: Islam, (2007), Heinemann UK.

Websites: whitelibyanafrican.blogspot.com/ 2007/03/to-co www.islamicbookstore.com.au/ categories.asp http://middleeast.about.com/od/glossary/g/me080220a.htm