Haiti: The devastation began in 1492
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Transcript of Haiti: The devastation began in 1492
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Haiti and the struggle for African Liberation
Africa’s Resources in African Hands!© Burning Spear Publications
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Africa belongs to African people worldwide!
Chairman Omali Yeshitela’s theory of African Internationalism is the basis for this
presentation
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African and Indigenous
peoples were free,
independent self-determining
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The people and environment were one
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Agriculture, culture, economy: self-sustaining prosperity
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Europe was poor, oppressed in middle ages: feudalism, plague
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In the 1400s Europe launched an assault on the rest of the world
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In the late 1400s Cristobal Colon asked Queen Isabella of Spain for
money to sail to India
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Queen Isabella had to hock her jewels to pay for Columbus’ voyage
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1492: Columbus landed on a Caribbean island inhabited the Taino people
The Taino called their home Ayiti, “Land of Mountains”
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When Columbus arrived the Tainos welcomed him and helped his men survive
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Columbus immediately began genocide: raping, torturing, slaughtering the Taino
people
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According to the Spanish colonial priest Bernardo de Las Casas:
“The Spaniards entered the large house nearby…and with cuts and stabs began to kill as many as they found there, so that a stream of blood was running, as if a great number of cows had perished…To see the wounds which covered the bodies of the dead and dying was a spectacle of horror and dread.”
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Within 40 years the entire Taino population was wiped out
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Columbus re-named Ayiti “Hispaniola”
“Little Spain”
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In 1695 Spain ceded the Western third of the island to France
France renamed it Saint-Dominque and grew cotton, indigo, tobacco and cocoa on huge plantations
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In the 1780s Haiti grew •40% of all sugar•60% of all coffee
consumed in Europe
Haiti was called the “Pearl of the Antilles”
Producing the most wealth of all French colonies
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France achieved this colonial wealth by enslaving millions of African people who
were worked to death within 7 years!
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This stolen wealth transformed France from poverty to a wealthy
imperial power
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By the late 1700s more than 50,000 Africans were brought to Haiti every year
Under the most brutal conditions imaginable!
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At the end of the 18th century there were up to 800,000 enslaved Africans in Haiti
And only 32,000 French
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A description of French torture of Africans in Haiti
"Have they not hung up men with heads downward, drowned them in sacks, crucified them on planks, buried them alive, crushed them in mortars?
“…forced them to eat excrement?
“…thrown them into boiling cauldrons of cane syrup?
“…put men and women inside barrels studded with spikes and rolled them down mountainsides?
“…consigned them to man-eating dogs?”
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This same process of slavery and genocide took place in the U.S., throughout the Caribbean
and South America
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Same process of genocide against Indigenous people: Wounded Knee
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African people became Europe’s most lucrative commodity
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Slavery, genocide built capitalism:The dollar sign was a symbol for
slave shackles
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The “founding fathers” were slave owners, agents of genocide
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Africans auctioned throughout U.S. created billions of dollars of wealth
And spawned thousands of spin off businesses for white America
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Slave economy, land theft gave opportunities for millions
European immigrants
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White workers sided with own ruling class waging terror against African people
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In Haiti Rebellions of African people grew against brutal conditions
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Africans organized and armed
themselves for freedom
Thousands of Maroons liberated territory in Haiti’s mountains and made raids on
plantations
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Inspired by the demands of the French Revolution, Africans
launched the first rebellion of the Haitian Revolution in 1791
Liberté
Egalité
Fraternité
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In 1798 formerly enslaved Toussaint
L’ouverture led an African
army that defeated the British invasion
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Toussaint L’ouverture became the ruler of the entire island and abolished slavery… but he did not declare
independence from France
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In 1802 Napoleon sent 30,000 of his best troops to try to reclaim Haiti
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Napoleon then sent in his brutal generals Rochambeau and Leclerc
Rochambeau wrote to Napoleon that to reclaim Haiti, France must “declare the negroes slaves and destroy at least 30,000” African men and women.
He burned alive, hanged, drowned and tortured black prisoners, reviving such practices as burying Africans in piles of insects and boiling them in cauldrons of molasses.
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Napoleon ordered slavery reinstated in Haiti
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The people rose up: determined never to be re-enslaved
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Toussaint and his people’s army fought
brilliantly—but he surrendered to the French!
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The French brutally arrested Toussaint and kidnapped him
to France
L’ouverture died of pneumonia, in brutal, freezing conditions in a French mountain prison
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Jean Jacques Dessalines, Louverture’s chief lieutenant, then led the Africans
against the French
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Dessalines always believed in nothing short of total independence
for Africans in Haiti
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Under Dessalines, Africans waged a brilliant people’s war against the French
Haiti became Napoleon’s “Vietnam”
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26,000 French troops were killed by the African
revolutionaries or died of yellow fever
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Dessalines ordered each act of French terror to be repaid in kind
After one battle Rochambeau buried 500 Africans alive.
Dessalines responded by hanging 500 French prisoners.
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The African liberation army of Haiti included women soldiers
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Dessalines and the Africans defeated the French army, declaring independence on
Jan. 1, 1804
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The Africans renamed the country Haiti in solidarity with the
Indigenous people
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Principles of Independent Haiti’s constitution
• Africans and others escaping oppression anywhere in the world would be accepted in Haiti
• All citizens would be known as “black”• Freedom of religion• No white person could own land in
Haiti
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The Haiti Revolution inspired Denmark Vesey and other
slave rebellions
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Haiti’s revolution inspired Vicente Guerrero in Mexico, Simon Bolivar in Venezuela
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In 1825, Haiti was forced by the US, Britain, France to pay
France 90 million gold francs for “stolen property.”
The “property” was African people themselves and land
stolen by genocide!
• That’s $90 billion in today’s gold prices!• Haiti was forced to continue these payments until
1947—122 years!
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Haiti’s “reparations” supported France for more than a
hundred years, impoverishing Haiti
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From 1824-1826 Independent Haiti accepted 13,000 Africans escaping
terror in the U.S.
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From 1915-1934 the U.S. occupied Haiti very brutally in the face of
on-going people’s resistanceThe U.S.
• Occupied with marines
• Killed the people’s leaders
• Set up neocolonialism
• Looted Haiti’s treasury
• Rewrote Haiti’s constitution ending the prohibition on white landownership.
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This is why Haiti is the most impoverished country in the western hemisphere!
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Resistance of African people in Haiti against foreign domination has been constant
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1950s: the U.S. set up and backed the murderous neocolonial leader, François
“Papa Doc” Duvalier, seen here with Nelson Rockefeller
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Duvalier established the paramilitary death squads, the Tonton Macutes, hated by
the people
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Despite the repression, on-going African
resistance ousted Baby Doc and the brutal
Duvalier regime in 1986
Papa Doc was succeeded by his son Jean-Claude “Baby Doc”
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In 1990 popular leader Jean-Bertrand Aristide won 67% of the vote for
president
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Aristide was overthrown by a U.S. backed coup in 1991
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Again fierce resistance of the people rose up
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IMF “Structural Adjustment Program” policies under Clinton deepened the poverty and destroyed Haiti’s
rice industry
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Aristide was “allowed” to return to Haiti in 1994– accompanied by UN troops. Aristide was again elected in 2000—this time with
90% of vote.
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US and IMF policies continue to deepen the poverty:
Africans in Haiti are forced to subsist on mud pies
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The people of Haiti again rose up in early 2004
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In February, 2004,
200 years after the victory of
Haiti’s independence,
Aristide was kidnapped by the U.S. and sent to
Africa!
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UN troops were again sent in to brutally repress the people
and their resistance!
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U.S. corporate sweat shops use slave-labor
in Haiti
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Corporations such as:•Walt Disney: Mickey Mouse t-shirts, pajamas•Rawlings baseball equipment•Nikes, Levis and many more
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This is the background for the earthquake of Jan. 12, 2010
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For years Africans have been fleeing to the U.S. to escape terror and
poverty—at the risk of their lives!
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Those who survive the trip are put into U.S. immigration detention camps!
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The earthquake “relief” is an intensification of U.S. colonial occupation of Haiti—16,000 US Marines & 14,000 other military
forces
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Here’s how each dollar of earthquake donations breaks down:
•42 cents for disaster assistance•33 cents for military•9 cents for food•5 cents for Haitian survivors recovery efforts•1 cent to the government of Haiti•½ cent to Dominican Republic
(Associated Press, Jan. 27, 2010)
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U.S., Europe built on enslavement, genocide,
colonialism
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African people live under colonialism inside U.S.
New Orleans - Haiti
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African and colonized peoples imprisoned by the millions
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Spawning a trillion dollar blood prison industry
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African children in prison in the U.S. Largest child prison population in entire world.
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Blood prisons: gold rush at expense of African people
Prison pay phones make $15,000/day
93% of paints and paintbrushes
92% of stove assembly
36% of home appliances
30% of headphones, microphones, speakers
21% of office furniture
MADE BY PRISON SLAVE LABOR
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Today Indigenous people impoverished on reservations!
With life expectancy in 40s!
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Indigenous people terrorized on their own stolen land
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All white people sit on pedestal of slavery, genocide
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On a pedestal of slavery, genocide:White America enjoys 50% of entire
world’s resources
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This is why the only solution is the vision of the African People’s Socialist Party
One Africa! One Nation!
Wherever they are located around the world, Africans are one people!
The total liberation of Africa and African people everywhere under the leadership of the African working class!
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Africans are one people worldwide
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African & colonized people have a right to resist!
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Uhuru Movement: power in the hands of African working people
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One Indigenous people throughout the hemisphere
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Africa’s resources must be in hands of African
people!
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African People’s Socialist Party-Sierra Leone formed 2009
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All-African People’s Development & Empowerment
Programs
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Uhuru House: Embassy to African world
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Uhuru Radio, Uhuru News
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What can white people do?
Stand for Solidarity with African liberation: Not Charity!
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Join the Uhuru Solidarity Movement
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Support Africa’s Resources in African Hands: Reparations
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Raising resources for Uhuru community kitchen, recording studio
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A future of peace, justice lies in the liberation of African and
oppressed peoples
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What you can do:Uhuru Pies
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Yoga with a Purpose
What ever you do best can contribute
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One Africa! One Nation
www.apscuhuru.org