Haiti Earthquake.ppt

IGARSS 2011 > Christian Minet > 27.07.2011

Haiti Earthquake (12.01.2010, M7.0) surface shift estimation using TerraSAR-X dataChristian Minet(1), Michael Eineder(1), Nestor Yague-Martinez(2)

(1) German Aerospace Center (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute

(2) Starlab Living Science, Barcelona, Spain


Slide 2

The Earthquake

January 12, 2010 at 21:53:10 UTC

18.443°N, 72.571°W, 13km depth

~25 km wsw of Port-au-Prince

left-lateral strike slip faulting and compression between the Caribbean and North American Plate

Septentrional fault system

Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system

source: USGS


Slide 3

The effects of the earthquake

> 300,000 casualties

> 1.5 m homeless

> 5 bn € of economic loss

collapse of thousands of buildings

large-scale destruction of infrastructure

triggering of landslides

“change” of topography


Slide 4

Available Data

TerraSAR-X Stripmap data (~3m resolution, 30 km swath)

39.1° & 40.9° incident angle

Data acquisition thanks to DLR’s Center for satellite Based crisis Information (ZK) and the activation of the “International Charter Space and Major Disasters”

ascending path (22:54 UTC)

17.09.2008pre-

seismic18.02.2009co-

seismic14.01.2010post-

seismic25.01.2010

descending path (10:44 UTC)

n/an/a

04.11.2009co-

seismic31.01.2010


Slide 5

TerraSAR-X interferograms

Interferogram formation at remote Sensing Technology Institute, using DLR’s system GENESIS

compensation of topography using SRTM 3” Digital Elevation Model

multilooking of 20x20

59 m154 days

20 m330 days

94 m11 days

pre co post


Slide 6

Incoherent Cross-Correlation

Estimation of shift caused by parallax effects

satellite orbit state vectors (<5 cm accuracy)

SRTM 3” DEM

geometric shift estimation as a-priori information

128x128 px regular grid(270 m x 238 m)

=> signal shifts

displacement = signal shifts – geometric shifts


Slide 7

Applied Correctionsexamples for ascending co-seismic datatakes

Location accuracy of TerraSAR-X in the magnitude of a few centimeters

Corrections necessary for:

Solid Earth Tides – numbers from simulation

Zenith path delays – Permanent GPS Station

SET [m] at Port-au-Prince (North, East, Up)

18.02.2009 0.012818, 0.025078, 0.088032

14.01.2010 0.006799, 0.015156, -0.140888

Zenith path delays from SCUB

18.02.2009 2439.3 mm

14.01.2010 2534.0 mm

near Satiago de Cuba, > 300 km distance

=> ~22 cm

=> ~9.5 cm


Slide 8

Correlation results

pre-, co- and post seismic LOS deformation retrieved from incoherent cross correlation

colors and arrows indicate size and directions of LOS displacement

combination of estimated range and azimuth displacements

pre co post


Slide 9

3D inversion

y observed displacement vector

Cεε covariance matrix of the measurement error

K transformation matrix

estimated 3D-displacement vector

yCKKCKx

KxyTT

MAP111ˆ

x̂

pixel by pixel basis

leas squares solution

maximum likelihood estimator


Slide 10

3D Results

maximum uplift near Léogâne (~0.7 m)

Maximum shiftsup to 0.5 m

general direction at EPGF can be retrieved


Slide 11

Verification

concordant with the general tectonic regimeleft-lateral strike-slip

deformation matches Antony Sladens (Caltech) predictionderived from waveform inversion

uplift matches in-situ observations (Hayes et al, 2010)

uplift of microatolls near Léogane: 0.64 ± 0.11m, patch reef bleeching

change of coastline due to the uplift

ALOS & SPOT 5 data yield corresponding results

G. P. Hayes et al “Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake,” NATURE GEOSCIENCE, Vol. 3, Macmillan Publishers Limited, pp. 800-805, November 2010.


Slide 12

Outlook

include more than 2 cross-correlation inputs

include and combine different sources

unwrapped interferogramsof all available sensors

permanent GPS stations

implementation of full error propagation

refinement of path delay

verification of weather models using Corner reflectors

experiments on location accuracy continue, using corner reflectors


Slide 13

Sendai

unfortunately no crossing orbits available

~3m LOS displacementcould be retrieved byincoh. cross-correlation

deformation map showing wide spread effects bycombination of several pairs=> FRINGE 2011


Slide 14

Thank You!

Thank you to the Supersites Initiative and all contributors!

Haiti Earthquake.ppt

Technology

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