Hai-Yin Kong's Portfolio for Bartlett School of Architecture, MArch Urban Design

Hai-Yin KongMArch Urban DesignBartlett School of Architecture 2011 UD4 Anna Rose, Bernhard Rettig

“Habiting and the inhabitant play no role in their decisions. Decisions are placed in the hands of decision makers. Activity withdraws to the everyday, to static space, to the reification that is initially endured, then accepted”

-Henri Lefebvre THe UrbAn revoLUTion

yin’s mission:to examine ProCeSS & iMPLeMenTATion of design in DenSe DeveLoPinG AreAS, to explore design from HUMAn orGAniZATion, to learn solutions from the other half of the world

In the flash construction of urban areas common to the global south, unorganized generic environments appear. As a response to the great pressure for construction, the ideals of the globalized city are heavily borrowed from. Mutated adaptations of post-industrial lifestyles promote inefficiencies such as car dependence and decentralized living. Context of local geography and culture have been lost; the balance of society and ecology have been broken.

An Anthropological Look at the Built Environment: Investigating Culture-Specific Forms for Sustainable Solutions in Dai and Tibetan Villages

What if we learn from cultures which have retained the spirit of their habitat?

Research Essay on Sustainability

What if we learn from cultures which have retained the spirit of their habitat?

Industrialization and the assembly line has subdivided process and knowledge resulting in the impotence of the individual to affect change.

The Collective Spirit

giving the MDF board the grain of wood... a soulrings that focus around knots

If we are to deliver a sustainable built environment, we must create places that people will value and to which they can connect emotionally.

Industrialization and the assembly line has subdivided process and knowledge resulting in the impotence of the individual to affect change.

If we are to deliver a sustainable built environment, we must create places that people will value and to which they can connect emotionally.

individuals are able to control building, expanse, collapse, and mobility of their own dwelling? settlements are able to be cognitive or feeling?

WHAT IF?

The Collective Spirit

individuals are able to control building, expanse, collapse, and mobility of their own dwelling?

thinking about the village as an organismhumans that focus their energy around centers... spirit centers

a place where urban organization responds to the landwhere instead of minimizing contact with the land humans affect the land positively

as designers we understand different perspectives of human responses and motivations in relation to the built environment?

London/IstanbuL ComparatIve researCh: typoLogy

London’s FInanCIaL Centres

hIstorIC CIty: CIty oF London

how 2 very different processes created 2 very different typologies of the same function

organICaLLy grown medIevaL CIty, CommerCe/manuFaCturIng/resIdentIaL...London waLL,FIre, rebuILt, unyIeLdIng medIevaL street pattern CrIssCross streets/trIanguLar pLots “adopt a varIety oF hIstorIC styLes In order to aChIeve an aIr oF authorIty and dIstInCtIon”, resIdentIaL exodus to the suburbs, FInanCe and Law, the bLItz, rapId reConstruCtIon, Larger deveLopments

“the Future Large CItIes wILL be aggLomeratIng maInLy whIte-CoLLar workers. these quaternary aCtIvItIes need to be CLose to one another, and theIr growth Feeds the rIse oF the Larger metropoLIs” - jean gottman, sInCe megaLopoLIs

from Tabula Rasa, Special

Enterprise Zone, tax incentive

for developers Strategy

to gain critical mass, Masterplan,

big name architects,

Global architecture,

big bank offices,

Manhattan style

grid, square, regular, new

underground station,

public squares, underground mall, tower

apartments built nearby,

franchises and chain businesses,

supermarket

the unyIeLdIng medIevaL grId

1593

1677

today

researCh: London typoLogy

1666 The great Fire destroyed 80% of the citythough new plans were proposed, citizens rebuilt on their own plot of land, maintaining the same street pattern

1940 the Blitz larger developments built in between the same streets

1834revIvaLs & neo’s

a ConsCIous deCIsIon For a hIstorIC Image“adopt a varIety oF hIstorIC styLes In order to aChIeve an aIr oF authorIty and dIstInCtIon”

neo-CLassICaL, gothIC revIvaL, neo-paLLadIanIsm, renaIssanCe revIvaL, georgIan revIvaL

1836


1881

1890

1899

1883

a ConsCIous deCIsIon For a hIstorIC Image“adopt a varIety oF hIstorIC styLes In order to aChIeve an aIr oF authorIty and dIstInCtIon”

enterprIse

zone


pLug &

pLay grId

som

norman Foster

thIs CouLd be anywhere!

gLobaL arChIteCture


hok

norman Foster Cesar

peLLI

bIg name

arChIteCts

Instant CIty!

“During this vast process of transformation, space reveals its true nature as a political space, the site and object of various strategies” --h. lefebvre

typologies of london and istanbul combined

“Urban heterotopias are specialized patches, acting as testbeds of change” -Grahme Shane Recombinant Urbanism

Recombinant Urbanism WorkshopEast London

What is heterotopia?

“Its a Bansky”- Street art being put behind glass and recognized as high art Street art being used as an ad for Converse.

“Ni Hao Berlin”- my own sticker graffiti

Graffiti begins as illegal fringe art, then it is recognized as a cultural commodity. Next, it is exploited for commercial value.

“Urban heterotopias are specialized patches, acting as testbeds of change” -Grahme Shane Recombinant Urbanism- is it a sexual utopia?

Are we looking into insanity?

Or are we living in it?

Artists on Vyner Street debate where heterotopia. Using installations, they explore how heterotopia

is relative depending on ones perspective.

Cabbages from Beijing to Berlin, London, San Francisco, New York, DC. My own sticker street art, more to come...

“If an experiment is successful, actors can export the new model, copying (and altering) it so that it becomes, overtime, a new norm” -G.Shane

“Space, as product, results from relationships of production that are taken control of by an active group.” -Henri Lefebvre The Urban Revolution

Next, it is exploited for commercial value.Graffiti becomes locally mainstream, and is replicated

DEALINGwithISTANBUL’sURBAN

building height(in stories)

streetfront facade(in m

eters)

irregularity in facade length(by percentage deviation from mean)

spac

ing

betw

een

build

ings

(in m

eter

s)

a b c d

e f g h

i j k L

a b c d

e f g h

i j k L

Analysis: istanbul

A B C D E F G H I J K L

3 3 3 5 5 4 5 3 3 3 2 15 building height7 6 5 5 11 4 5 11 3 6 6 23 (# levels)

5 4.5 4 5 8 4 5 7 3 4.5 1926.3 23.7 21.1 26.3 42.1 21.1 26.3 36.8 15.8 23.68 15.8 100 Key (Black)

10.7 16 9.3 17 23.6 10.9 15.4 13.6 15.3 19.9 36.6 27.66.3 8.2 8.9 17.1 11 11.4 17.8 13.2 18.4 15.4 146 30.55.4 8.2 9.4 18.1 10.4 9.1 10.2 19.2 13.3 9.6 57.8 28.84.7 8.6 25.5 15 33 8.7 20.8 9.9 12.7 11.4 142 30.59.8 8.8 14.3 14.8 20.5 28.2 9.6 14.8 13.5 18 96.7 329.7 16.4 10 16.4 14.9 17.7 12.5 9.1 13.4 13.2 127 24.14.5 21.2 13.4 15.9 23.2 11.9 22.4 11.1 17.2 11.6 77.1 40.49.6 10.6 23.8 17.2 20.6 11.8 8.6 9.9 12.9 20.7 97.6 39.79.2 25 11.5 15.9 13.7 8 15.4 17.1 12.3 10.1 80 28.4 st.front façade7.8 9.8 16 14.9 19.6 8 11.8 23.7 14.1 11.4 115 38.2 (m)

7.77 13.3 14.2 16.2 19.1 12.6 14.5 14.2 14.3 14.13 97.5 3224.3 41.5 44.4 50.7 59.5 39.3 45.1 44.2 44.7 44.13 100 100 Yellow

2.93 2.72 4.91 0.77 4.55 1.67 0.95 0.56 0.99 5.77 4.421.47 5.08 5.31 0.87 8.05 1.17 3.35 0.96 4.09 1.27 48.3 1.522 37 5 08 4 81 1 87 8 65 3 47 4 25 5 04 1 01 4 53 39 7 3 222.37 5.08 4.81 1.87 8.65 3.47 4.25 5.04 1.01 4.53 39.7 3.223.07 4.68 11.3 1.23 14 3.87 6.35 4.26 1.61 2.73 44.7 1.522.03 4.48 0.09 1.43 1.45 15.6 4.85 0.64 0.81 3.87 0.82 0.021.93 3.12 4.21 0.17 4.15 5.13 1.95 5.06 0.91 0.93 29.1 7.923.27 7.92 0.81 0.33 4.15 0.67 7.95 3.06 2.89 2.53 20.4 8.381.83 2.68 9.59 0.97 1.55 0.77 5.85 4.26 1.41 6.57 0.08 7.681.43 11.7 2.71 0.33 5.35 4.57 0.95 2.94 2.01 4.03 17.5 3.62 irregularity0.03 3.48 1.79 1.33 0.55 4.57 2.65 9.54 0.21 2.73 17.3 6.18 (%)

2.04 5.1 4.55 0.93 5.24 4.15 3.91 3.63 1.59 3.496 24.2 4.4525.7 96 84 0 100 74.8 69.1 62.7 15.4 59.54 81.638.9 97.3 86.9 17.7 100 79.2 74.6 69.3 30.4 66.72 100 84.9 Magenta

0 0 5 2.5 10.9 1.9 2.6 3.2 2.3 4.9 26.7 400 0.7 5.6 3.9 10.2 0 1 1.9 1.6 3.2 19.2 30.10 0 2.6 3.8 13 0 1.4 4 0 0 7.8 28.80 0 3.9 2.5 6.5 2.2 1.6 2.6 1 1.6 7.6 24.80 0 2.6 3.6 4.7 1.6 0 2.7 0.7 5.7 3.4 43.70 0 4.9 5.3 5.6 3.4 1.7 0 0 19.1 13.1 41.40 0 4.6 1.7 6.7 2.5 0 4.6 15 2 14.1 34.50 3.9 5.1 2.3 5.7 3.5 0.7 5.3 21.1 16.3 20 36.40 0 1.1 3.2 3.9 0 0 5.1 1.9 0 14.9 23.6 spacing0 1.4 4.5 3.3 5.8 1.6 3 3.5 3.8 4.2 7.4 26.4 (m)

0 0.6 3.99 3.21 7.3 1.67 1.2 3.29 4.74 5.7 13.4 330 1.82 12.1 9.74 22.1 5.07 3.64 9.98 14.4 17.29 40.7 1000 6.16 41 33 75 17.2 12.3 33.8 48.7 58.56 100 100 Cyan

mushurban fabric lacking cohesion and identity, the product of flash development then adaptation

“6.9 The writing of the city may be indecipherable, flawed, but that does not mean that there is no writing; it may simply be that we developed a new illiteracy”

“Generic City” -Koolhaas1.6 The Generic City is the city liberated from the captivity of center, from the strait jacket of identity...If it gets too small it just expands.

“An evolutionary process engenders the notion of an organic force. The city becomes a ‘beast’: powerful, disaggregated, intractable, operating according to a logic of its own, and without reference to an operator. districts become organs, highways arteries, urban growth the expression of a distinct and monstrous will.” -Neville Mars, Chinese Dream

istanbul’s expansion of Urban Fabric

Analysis: istanbul

PRE 1930

1960’s

1970’s

1980’s

1990’s

istanbul’s expansion of Urban Fabric

DeSiGn by ProCeSS For THe GeneriCDissertation/ Design Project

“We can be the producers of new conceptions of citizenship in the reorganizing of resources and collaborations across jurisdictions and communities… We could be the designers of political process, of alternative economic frameworks.”

—Teddy Cruz (via Diy Grad School)

1) Roads, public schools, parks, bazaar are planned by the government

2) Large parcels are bought by developers to build large housing complexes

“The designer now works on the level of the hyper-meticulous microplanning-- while the system itself remains undesigned. instead the city is the spatial derivative of Market-Driven Unintentional Development” -neville Mars THe CHineSe DreAM

Dissertation/ Design Project

3) Leftover land is parceled into small plots

4) Private schools are built. Mosques are built on remainder scraps of land by private entities.

public school

bazaar grounds

weekly street bazaar

private school

mosque

Çekmeköy The process of building mush in

builder’s

insvestment in

community

SINGLE PLOT DEVELOPER CORPORATE DEVELOPERDIY DEVELOPMENT

individual’s capability to

change own built environ-

ment based on ownership

land owned by familybuilding financed by family

addition

home for landowner’s family home for

landowner

+ flats to rent

land owned by developereach flat owned by a different family

land owned by developer each flat owned by a different family


384m

schools

other/car dealership/office/gas station

underused lot

landscaped park

desire lineson greenspace

mosque

business

bus stop

bazaar

DIY housing

w/ addition

developer built

UnDerSTAnDinG THroUGH DeveLoPMenT TyPoLoGieS

DeCiPHerinG CekMekoy

STrATeGy

existing commercial corridor

plan to strength commercial & community activity along these corridors

plan to connect green spaces along these corridors

nodes where activity corridors will intersect, a key place to initiate development


WHAT IF? What if developers invested in neighborhoods rather than just small plots of land. By creating a network of projects within the community, the developer could capitalize on the synergy of densified plot by plot development.

CDF is involved with the development of several plots of a neighborhood, strategically focused on central nodes


What if developers invested in neighborhoods rather than just small plots of land. By creating a network of projects within the community, the developer could capitalize on the synergy of densified plot by plot development.

[community development facilitator]a for profit entity who invests in an area over a long period of time; a broker between the community and investors

(CDF)

$

CDF identifies investor’s concerns

CDF identifies community’s needs +

Urban Design can no longer afford to be a singular vision. It must be humble and soft at times. Though not always form based, urban design is not about regulations, but rather of new potentials.

specify financial mechanisms in direct area of investment

384m

Community bank

1-1 Development

Area initially affected by seed

used to stimulate commercial activity along main corridor

placed on both ends of the corridor

targeting under developed residential areas, allowing for incremental growth

Community Development Facilitator’s Tools

Changes under the effect of the CDF’s Tools (10 years)


Changes under the effect of the CDF’s Tools (10 years)

people informal business

garden

chain stores

local business

building w/new style of facade

newly designed architecture

x 11 new buildings/additions

urban seed

outside current

capabilities

ToDAy

in 10 yeArS

propane gas vendorlow-end start-up business

gathering of informal business

local bakery

chain store

popular local eaterywhich attracts customers outside of neighborhood

urban garden

incremental change initiated by the landowners


propane gas vendorlow-end start-up business

high-end coffee chain

outdoor seating

incremental change initiated by the landowners

Community banktargeting under

developed residential areas, allowing for incremental growth

384m

PROGRAM

TENANTS

FACILITATOR STRATEGY

DENSITY

tall buildings

start-up/local

established business

global

residential

commercial

community

+%

investements are more focused around seed locations, program also is dependant on seed type

facilitators broker contract between investors and land-owners. in essence it is a loan

landowners themselves become entrepeneurs

though location is influenced by seed, height of building is decided by indi-vidual landownders

$

$$

investor

community/landowners

facilitator

communitybank

+

PROGRAM

TENANTS


DENSITY

tall buildings

start-up/local


global

residential

commercial

community

+%

investements are more focused around seed locations, program also is dependant on seed type

facilitators broker contract between investors and land-owners. in essence it is a loan

landowners themselves become entrepeneurs

though location is influenced by seed, height of building is decided by indi-vidual landownders

$

$$

investor

community/landowners

facilitator

communitybank

+

quicker development with the help of outside investment

Area initially affected by Urban Seed

seed

investment

community ammenities/better quality of life

rise in real estate value

monitor seed

plantseed

adjust use or location of seed

seed grows to attract certain level of:-foot traffic-commercial activity-use throughout the day

introduce investor to the area

CHAIN oF eFFeCTS

market? nightlife? food/leisure?

temporary spaces to test uses, investment attractor

newly designed architecture, beyond generic city’s building capabilities of today


the popular hub of informal businesses accumulating around the urban seed has attracted the attention of a developer who builds a commercial centre to house the vendors

quicker development with the help of outside investment

384m384m

1-1 Development

Area initially affected by Urban Seed

used to stimulate commercial activity along main corridor

PROGRAM

TENANTS


DENSITY

tall buildings

start-up/local


global

residential

commercial

community

investor selects specific site and program$

investments are focused around seed locations, program also is dependant on seed type,lots may combine

tenants of combined lots are global or established busi-nesses. start ups also occupy smaller sites

density is strate-gically based around nodes

investor

landowner

community & development facilitator

1-on-1development

+

PROGRAM

TENANTS


DENSITY

tall buildings

start-up/local


global

residential

commercial

community

investor selects specific site and program$

investments are focused around seed locations, program also is dependant on seed type,lots may combine

tenants of combined lots are global or established busi-nesses. start ups also occupy smaller sites

density is strate-gically based around nodes

investor

landowner

community & development facilitator

1-on-1development

+

seed

investment



monitor seed

plantseed




seed

investment



monitor seed

plantseed




CDF RoLe

food/leisure? community?

temporary spaces to test uses, investment attractor

To deal with the macro scale of the generic city, the role of urban designers must shift from the hardware of architecture design into the software of economic and political processes.

Following suit, urban scale models must also address the conflicts of a site. Just as traditional architecture models are used to test hypothetical spatial decisions, this dynamic multi-actor role-playing game will test the sum of the actors spatial decisions based on a new process of development.


“Critical phase. black box. The architect and the urbanist, sometimes confused as partners in an ambiguous duo, sometimes as twins or warring siblings, as distant colleagues and rivals, examine the black box. They know what goes in, are amazed at what comes out...”- H. Lefebvre

Hai-Yin Kong's Portfolio for Bartlett School of Architecture, MArch Urban Design

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Transcript of Hai-Yin Kong's Portfolio for Bartlett School of Architecture, MArch Urban Design