h · Web viewAnswer: The phloem translocates the food manufactured by the leaves, the hormones...
Transcript of h · Web viewAnswer: The phloem translocates the food manufactured by the leaves, the hormones...
Transportation
Summary
In lower organisms, there is no transport system as the cells are in touch with the
surrounding medium. The transport is by the physical processes like diffusion, osmosis, etc.
With the advancement in structure, the organisms have to evolve methods to transport
nutrients and wastes. The actual transport into the cells involves the physical processes -
active or passive transport.
However, the transport of materials across the plant or animal body occurs by processes
broadly called the mass flow system called the vascular system
Vascular system in plants relies mainly on physical processes whereas transport in
animals utilises muscular energy
The materials to be transported across the plant body are water, minerals, food,
hormones, etc.
The transport of materials in plants takes place through specialised tissues called the
xylem and the phloem
Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals and phloem transports food
Two types of xylem cells are involved in transport of water - tracheids and vessels. They
are dead cells with lignified walls. They are joined end to end forming a capillary system to
draw water up the plant.
Phloem is a living tissue. Sieve tubes and companion cells are the phloem cells involved
in the transport of food. The sieve tube cells are also joined end to end. The end walls of sieve
tube cells are perforated and the cytoplasm of the adjacent cells are continuous through it.
They are enucleated. The companion cells are present next to the sieve tube cell and are
nucleated.
The upward movement of water is called ascent of sap. Ascent of sap involves root
pressure and transpiration pull.
Roots absorb water from the soil by osmosis or diffusion. The water ultimately enters
the xylem. Thus, the xylem in the root develops a positive water potential called the root
pressure with which the water is pushed up.
In tall trees transpiration pulls water up the xylem. Transpiration is the loss of water from
the aerial parts of the plant, mainly through the stomata of the leaves.
Due to transpiration, the upper parts of the trees develop negative water potential. The
water is then pulled up from the region of higher water potential in the lower regions. This is
called transpiration pull.
The continuous column of water resulting from the transpiration pull is called transpiration
stream. The continuity of the stream is maintained by the adhesive and cohesive properties of
water.
Minerals are absorbed from the soil in the ionic form along with water as they are
dissolved in water. Some of the mineral ions like the nitrates enter into the phloem along with
the prepared food. From the xylem and the phloem, the minerals enter the cells by active
transport as per requirement.
Food is transported as sucrose along phloem in not only downward but also upward
direction. Sucrose moves from the region of positive potential (region of synthesis - leaves) to
the region of negative potential (region of utilisation - roots, young leaves, flowers and fruits)
along the concentration gradient.
Other than sucrose, phloem also transports hormones (from the site of synthesis to the
site of action) and some of the mineral ions (from the leaves about to fall to the other regions).
The transport of soluble substances like the sugars, amino acids and hormones by the phloem
is called translocation.
Animals in general have a higher metabolic rate than the plants and thus require a more
efficient transport system
In man, there are two circulatory systems - Blood circulatory system and Lymphatic
circulatory system
There are two types of blood circulatory systems - open and closed. In open circulatory
system the blood vessels are open-ended as they open into the common cavities called the
haemocoel. It is seen in insects.
In closed circulatory system the blood always remains inside the blood vessels and never
comes in direct contact with the cells. It is seen in mammals including man.
Blood is an alkaline fluid that consists of the liquid portion called plasma and the formed
elements called the cells
Plasma consists of water and soluble components - proteins (like fibrinogen), nutrients (
like glucose), metabolic substances , inorganic ions and pigments
The formed elements include the erythrocytes, leucocytes and the thrombocytes. The
erythrocytes are called the red blood cells as they contain the red coloured haemoglobin
pigment. Haemoglobin is the oxygen carrier. Leucocytes are called the white blood cells and
are involved in the immune system. Thrombocytes are the platelets that are involved in the
clotting of blood.
The functions of blood include transport of nutrients, respiratory gases, excretory wastes
and hormones, protection against infections and allergies, homeostasis (maintenance of pH,
ionic balance and water content, regulation of blood pressure, temperature) and clotting of
blood
In human circulatory system the blood is flows in closed blood vessels called the arteries,
veins and their capillaries.
Arteries and veins have elastic and muscular walls. Capillaries lack muscles.
Arteries arise from the heart and carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary artery).
The main artery is called the aorta. The aorta gives off branches called the arteries. Arteries
branch into arterioles and then into capillaries. The arteries are more muscular than the veins.
Veins take deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary vein) back to the heart. The capillaries
in the tissue region unite to form venules which then form veins. The smaller veins join
together to form two great veins called vena cavae. Vena cavae take the blood back to the
heart.
Heart is a muscular pumping organ which pumps the blood with enough pressure to
transport the blood through the arteries into different parts of the body. Human heart is four
chambered. There are two receiving chambers, the auricles and two pumping chambers, the
ventricles. The right side of the heart is concerned with deoxygenated blood and the left side is
concerned with the oxygenated blood.
The pumping action results in a sequence of events called the cardiac cycle. Each cycle
produces one heart beat. Adult human heart beats 72 times per minute.
The normal blood pressure is considered to be 120/80 mm of Hg where 120 mm of Hg is
the systolic pressure and 80 mm of Hg is the diastolic pressure
Heart rate is the same as the pulse rate that can be felt at the wrist. It is the rate at which
the arterial muscles contract and relax
Human circulatory system shows double circulation where the blood passes through the
heart twice, once for circulation to the different parts of the body and the other time for
circulation to the lungs
In man, there are three circulations - systemic, hepatic portal and pulmonary
In systemic circulation, the blood is supplied to the different parts of the body by the
respective arteries and the blood is brought back to the heart by the respective veins
In pulmonary circulation, the blood is circulated between the heart and lungs for its
purification
At the capillary end of the arteries, the plasma leaks into the interstitial space. This
plasma is without the proteins (as the proteins cannot pass through the walls of the capillaries)
and is called the interstitial fluid or the tissue fluid.
In the interstitial spaces there are some blindly ending vessels called the lymph vessels.
The lymph vessels form enlarged spaces called the lymph nodes. In these nodes, lymphocytes
synthesise anitbodies and there are phagocytic cells.
The tissue fluid enters the lymph vessels and is called the lymph. The lymph circulates in
the body in only one direction and returns to the venous system near the heart.
Question (1): How do organisms like amoeba transport materials?
Answer: Amoeba is a unicellular organism. In unicellular
organisms a single cell carries out all the life processes as the
cell itself is the organism. The uptake of materials from the
environment is through the general body surface and the
transport within the cell is by diffusion.
Question (2): Why do higher
plants and animals need a
transportation system?
Answer: In higher plants and animals, the sites of absorption
and synthesis are very specific and separated by a greater
distance from the other parts of the body. Thus, they need a
transportation system.
Question (3): What is mass flow
system?
Answer: The transport of materials in bulk across the plant or
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tissues gravitation Valence Shell
animal body through the vascular tissue is called the mass flow
system.
Question (4): Which transport
system - plant or animal, does
not use muscular energy?
Answer: Transport in plants does not use muscular energy.
Question (5): What are vascular
plants?
Answer: The higher plants are also called the vascular plants
as the transport in them is with the help of the vascular system.
Question (6): Which are the
materials transported in plants?
Answer: The materials transported across the plant body are
water, minerals, food and metabolites like the hormones and
vitamins.
Question (7): What are the two
types of vascular tissues?
Answer: The two types of vascular tissues are xylem and
phloem.
Question (8): What are the
functions of xylem and phloem?
Answer: Xylem conducts water from the roots to the other
parts of the plant and phloem conducts food from the leaves to
the different parts of the body.
Question (9): Which tissue
conducts organic substances in
plants?
Answer: Phloem conducts organic substances in plants.
Question (10): Why are the
sieve tube cells called so?
Answer: The sieve tube cells are joined end to end and their
end walls are perforated. This gives the appearance of a sieve
and hence they are called as the sieve tube cells.
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Transportation
Introduction
Transportation in Human Beings
Blood Circulatory System
Components of Closed Circulatory
System in Man
Components of Closed Circulatory
System in Man - Contd 1
Components of Closed Circulatory
System in Man - Contd 2
Blood Vessels
Heart
The Heart Beat
Blood Pressure
Circulation
Lymphatic System
Transport in Plants
Processes Involved in Transport
Transpiration
Ascent of Sap - Transport of Water
Transport of Minerals
Transport of Food
Question (11): What is the
process by which carbon dioxide
enters the cell?
Answer: The process by which carbon dioxide enters the cell
is called diffusion.
Question (12): Define osmosis.
Answer: The process of movement of solvent particles from
the regions of higher concentration to the regions of lower
concentrations through a semi-permeable membrane is called
osmosis.
Question (13): What is turgor
pressure?
Answer: It is a positive pressure developed inside the cells
due to the pushing of the cytoplasm against the cell wall as the
cytoplasm gets more water.
Question (14): When does a
cell become flaccid?
Answer: A cell becomes flaccid on losing water.
Question (15): What is active
transport? Give an example.
Answer: Active transport is the transport of materials across
the cell membrane with the help of energy. For example, the
entry of mineral ions into the cells.
Question (16): What is
transpiration?
Answer: It is the loss of water from the aerial parts of the plant
in the form of water vapour.
Question (17): What are the
three types of transpiration?
Answer: The three types of transpiration are stomatal,
lenticular and cuticular transpiration.
Question (18): What are
stomata? Where are they
present?
Summary
Question and Answers
Multiple Choice Questions
Answer: Stomata are openings on the surface of the leaves
that are surrounded by the guard cells. They are present more
on the lower surface of the leaves.
Question (19): How is the rate
of transpiration affected?
Answer: The rate of transpiration is affected by many factors
such as light, temperature, availability of soil water and
atmospheric humidity.
Question (20): Why is
transpiration important?
Answer: Transpiration is important because:
1) it is responsible for uptake of water from the soil
2) it is responsible for movement of water and dissolved
minerals from the roots to different parts of the plant.
3) it results in cooling of the leaf surfaces, thereby protecting
them from excessive heat.
Question (21): What is ascent
of sap?
Answer: The upward movement of water along with the
dissolved solutes up the xylem is called ascent of sap.
Question (22): What are the two
factors responsible for ascent of
sap?
Answer: The two factors responsible for ascent of sap are root
pressure and transpiration pull.
Question (23): What are root
hairs? What is their function?
Answer: Root hairs are outgrowths of the epidermal cells.
They help in increasing the surface area of water absorption.
Question (24): What is root
pressure?
Answer: The water enters the roots through the root hairs. It
then travels through the root tissue to reach the root xylem.
Therefore the xylem in the root has more water than the xylem
column above it and this creates a positive pressure in the
xylem of the root. This is called the root pressure.
Question (25): What is
transpiration pull? What is its
effect?
Answer: The force with which the water is pulled up the xylem
is called the transpiration pull. The transpiration pull results in a
continuous stream of water called the transpiration stream
extending from the xylem of the leaves to the xylem of the
roots.
Question (26): How is the
continuity of the water column
maintained?
Answer: The continuity of the water column is maintained by
the adhesive and cohesive properties of water. The adhesive
property of the water molecules makes them adhere to the
xylem walls and its cohesive property makes the water
molecules remain together and move up as a stream.
Question (27): How are the
minerals transported across the
plants?
Answer: The minerals are transported in their ionic, soluble
form along with water across the plant in xylem and phloem.
Question (28): In what form is
the food transported along
phloem?
Answer: The food is transported along the phloem in the form
of sucrose, a carbohydrate.
Question (29): What is
translocation?
Answer: The transport of soluble substances like the sugars,
amino acids and hormones by the phloem is called
translocation.
Question (30): What are the
substances translocated by the
phloem?
Answer: The phloem translocates the food manufactured by
the leaves, the hormones and the mineral ions from the falling
leaves to the other regions of the plant.
Question (31): What is the path
of translocation of food in
plants?
Answer: The food is manufactured in the leaves. From the
mesophyll cells of the leaves, the food enters the phloem cells.
They are then transported along the phloem to the different
parts of the plant (stem, roots, etc.). From the phloem, the cells
draw the food as per their requirement.
Question (32): How is the food
translocated in the phloem?
Answer: The food is translocated in the phloem along the
concentration gradient. That is, the food is translocated from
the region of higher concentration to a region of lower
concentration in the phloem.
Question (33): How are the
materials transported in higher
animals?
Answer: In higher animals, the materials are transported by a
mass flow system called the circulatory system. This involves
the movement of a liquid medium through the closed tubes and
open spaces between the cells.
Question (34): What are the
types of substances transported
by the circulatory system?
Answer: The materials transported by the circulatory system
include:
1) digested food
2) respiratory gases
3) hormones
4) excretory products
Question (35): What are the two
types of circulatory systems in
man?
Answer: The two types of circulatory systems are:
1) blood circulatory system
2) lymphatic circulatory system
Question (36): What are the two
types of blood circulatory
systems?
Answer: The two types of circulatory systems are:
1) open circulatory system
2) closed circulatory system
Question (37): What is open
circulatory system?
Answer: In the open circulatory system the exchange of
materials between the cells and the blood is done directly. The
blood enters into the interstitial spaces (space between the
tissues) and circulates in these spaces. There are few blood
vessels but they are not extensive. The blood vessels are
open-ended as they open into the common cavities called the
haemocoel. For example: Insects.
Question (38): What are the
three components of circulatory
system in man?
Answer: The three components of the circulatory system in
man are:
1) Blood: A fluid that carries all the materials
2) Heart: The pumping organ
3) Blood vessels: Tubes through which the fluid can flow to
different parts of the body.
Question (39): What is blood
made up of?
Answer: Blood is made up of:
1) The liquid component called the plasma
2) The solid components: the formed elements that are freely
present in the plasma. The solid elements include the red blood
cells, white blood cells and the platelets.
Question (40): Mention any two
functions of the plasma.
Answer: The two functions of plasma are:
1) Maintaining osmotic pressure and viscosity of the blood
2) Helping in transport of substances like the hormones and
enzymes
Question (41): What is the main
function of the red blood cells?
Answer: The main function of the red blood cells is to carry
oxygen. These cells contain the pigment haemoglobin which
has an affinity for oxygen.
Question (42): Write short notes
on erythrocytes.
Answer: Erythrocytes are the red blood cells. They are
biconcave discs with the edges being thicker than the centre.
They are enucleated and contain a pigment called the
haemoglobin. The haemoglobin gives the characteristic red
colour. They number 5 million per cubic mm in adult males and
4.5 million per cubic mm in adult females. They are synthesised
in the bone marrow of certian bones like the sternum. Each has
a life span of about 120 days. After this, they are destroyed in
the liver.
Question (43): What are the
functions of leucocytes?
Answer: The functions of leucocytes are:
Phagocytosis The neutrophils and lymphocytes can engulf
foreign bodies by the process called phagocytosis.
Antibody Production The leucocytes produce antibodies that
attack the foreign bodies.
Anti-allergic Properties Eosinophil, a granulocyte is thought to
be anti-allergic.
Question (44): What is the other
name for platelets and what is
their function?
Answer: Platelets are also called thrombocytes. They play an
important role in the clotting of blood.
Question (45): What are the
functions of platelets?
Answer: The functions of platelets are:
1) Release of thromboplastin when damaged.
Thromboplastin which initiates a series of reactions that result
in the clotting of blood.
2) Retraction of clot.
The clot formed by the blood is further made dense by the
addition of platelets and this retracts the clot making it tighter
and smaller.
3) Repair of damaged endothelium.
The platelets stick to the damaged portion of the wall and
prevent loss of blood.
Question (46): List the various
functions of blood.
Answer: The various functions of blood are:
1) Transport of nutrients, respiratory gases, excretory wastes,
hormones, etc.
2) Plays a role in immune system
3) Maintenance of pH
4) Maintenance of ionic balance
5) Maintenance of water content
6) Regulation of blood pressure
7) Plays a role in temperature regulation
8) Plays a role in homeostasis
9) Plays a role in clotting
Question (47): What is blood
transfusion?
Answer: Replacement of blood from outside to make up for
lost blood is called blood transfusion.
Question (48): What is
agglutination?
Answer: The sticking together (clumping) of red blood cells
because of the reaction between antigens and antibodies is
called agglutination.
Question (49): What are
arteries and veins?
Answer: Arteries are blood vessels arising out of the heart and
supplying blood to all the parts of the body. Veins are blood
vessels that bring blood from different parts of the body back to
the heart.
Question (50): How does the
blood flow in the veins?
Answer: The blood flows in the veins by the action of the
muscles of the veins and those of the skeletal muscles
surrounding them.
Question (51): Which are the
two chambers of the heart?
Which of the two is more
muscular?
Answer: The two chambers are the upper atria (auricles) and
the lower ventricles. The ventricles are more muscular.
Question (52): What are the
functions of the following in the
heart:
1) Aorta
2) Inferior vena cava
3) Auriculoventricular valve
4) Semilunar valve
Answer: 1) Aorta It is a major blood vessel into which the
ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood.
2) Inferior vena cava The vein that collects the blood coming
from the different parts of the body and pours it into the right
auricle.
3) Auriculoventricular valve The valve between the auricles and
the respective ventricle allowing the movement of blood in only
one direction, that is, from the auricle into the ventricle and not
vice-versa.
4) Semilunar valve The valve having three semi-lunar shaped
flaps. These valves only allow the flow of blood from the auricle
into the aorta.
Question (53): What is systole
and diastole?
Answer: The contraction of the heart is called the systole and
the relaxation of the heart is called the diastole.
Question (54): What are the
stages in the pumping action of
the heart?
Answer: There are three stages in the pumping action of the
heart. They are:
1) Auricular systole
2) Ventricular systole
3) Joint diastole (auricular and ventricular)
Question (55): What are the
'lub' and 'dub' sounds produced
by the heart?
Answer: These are the sounds of the heartbeat and they are
produced when the valves close during the contraction or
relaxation of the heart. At the start of the ventricular contraction
or systole, the auriculoventricular valve closes with a 'lub'
sound. The 'dub' sound is produced when the semilunar valve
at the entrance of the aorta closes at the beginning of the joint
diastole that is the relaxation of both ventricles and auricles.
Question (56): What initiates
and controls the pumping action
of the heart?
Answer: The pumping action of the heart is initiated by a set
of muscles called the sinoatrial node (SAN). The rate of the
heart beat is also controlled by the nerves and the hormones.
Question (57): What is ECG?
Answer: ECG stands for electrocardiogram. It is the recording
of the electropotential changes over the heart muscles. It is
used for detecting any abnormality in the functioning of the
heart that reflects as a change in the regular ECG pattern.
Question (58): What is the
normal value for blood pressure?
Which instrument is used to
measure the blood pressure?
Answer: The normal value for blood pressure is 120/80 mm of
Hg. Sphygmomanometer is used to measure the blood
pressure.
Question (59): What is pulse
rate?
Answer: If a finger is kept at a spot where an artery runs close
to the body surface, the rhythmic movement generated by the
contraction and relaxation of the heart can be felt. This is called
the pulse. It is found to be the same as the heart rate. The
number of pulses per minute is called the pulse rate.
Question (60): What is double
circulation?
Answer: The circulation in which the blood passes through
heart twice during one circulation is called double circulation.
Question (61): Name the major
arteries of systemic circulation.
Answer: The major arteries of systemic circulation are:
1) Aorta - the main artery that leaves the heart
2) Coronary artery - to the heart wall
3) Sub-clavian artery - to the shoulder region
4) Carotid artery - to the neck and head region
5) Mesentric region - to the stomach and intestines
6) Hepatic artery - to the liver
7) Iliac - to the genitals and the legs
Question (62): What is
pulmonary circulation ?
Answer: The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary
artery that carries it to the lungs. After purification in the lungs,
the blood is carried back by the pulmonary vein to the left
auricle of the heart. This circulation of blood between the heart
and the lungs is called pulmonary circulation.
Question (63): What are the
components of the lymphatic
system?
Answer: The components of the lymphatic system are: 1) The
fluid lymph 2) The channels through which the fluid flows -
smaller lymph vessels and larger lymph ducts 3) The enlarged
cavities called the lymph glands or nodes
Question (64): What is tissue
fluid? How is it formed?
Answer: The fluid that escapes from the blood vessels into the
interstitial spaces is called the tissue fluid. The blood flows
under high pressure in the arteries. These arteries branch out
as arterioles and then as capillaries. The walls of these vessels
are very thin. The blood under pressure comes out into the
tissue spaces. The cellular components and the larger proteins
are not able to come out. Thus, the blood without the cells and
the proteins is called the tissue fluid.
Question (65): What are lymph
nodes? Name one.
Answer: The lymph vessels and ducts are enlarged at certain
areas. These enlarged portions are called the lymph nodes or
lymph glands. They contain lymphocytes that are involved in
the production of antibodies during infection. The nodes are
also lined by phagocytic cells that engulf the foreign bodies like
the bacteria. The tonsil in the throat is an example of a bacterial
infection.
Question (1): The colour of blood in the veins is _______________.
1. bright red
2. dark red
3. blue
4. black
Ans: 2
Question (2): The colour of blood in the arteries is _________.
1. bright red
2. dark red
3. blue
4. black
Ans: 1
Question (3): Blood is composed of ___________.
1. plasma and red blood cells
2. plasma and formed elements
3. red and white blood cells
4. red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
Ans: 2
Question (4): Blood fails to clot in the absence of __________.
1. magnesium
2. calcium
3. sulphur
4. potassium
Ans: 2
Question (5): Transpiration takes place from ________________.
1. all parts of the plant
2. leaves
3. only the aerial parts
4. stem
Ans: 3
Question (6): Stomata are present on the __________ of the leaves.
1. upper surface only
2. lower surface only
3. mostly upper surface
4. mostly lower surface
Ans: 4
Question (7): The cells that are full of water and rigid are called ________.
1. support cells
2. flaccid
3. turgid
4. none of the above
Ans: 3
Question (8): Much of the transpiration takes place through ___________.
1. stomata
2. lenticels
3. cuticle
4. epidermis
Ans: 1
Question (9): The roots absorb water through _______________.
1. epidermal hairs
2. root hairs
3. root xylem
4. root phloem
Ans: 2
Question (10): The ascent of sap in plants takes place due to __________.
1. root pressure
2. transpiration pull
3. both a and b
4. osmosis
Ans: 3
Question (11): Stomata open and close due to _____________.
1. presence of valves
2. hormonal control
3. turgor pressure of guard cells
4. concentration gradient of the gases
Ans: 3
Question (12): Minerals are absorbed into the cells by _____________.
1. osmosis
2. diffusion
3. active transport
4. a, b or c
Ans: 3
Question (13): The liquid portion of the blood is called __________.
1. water
2. plasma
3. serum
4. sap
Ans: 2
Question (14): The right side of the heart deals with ___________.
1. oxygenated blood
2. deoxygenated blood
3. mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
4. either a or b at a time
Ans: 2
Question (15): __________ carries oxygenated blood.
1. pulmonary artery
2. hepatic portal vein
3. pulmonary vein
4. all of the above
Ans: 3
Question (16): Deoxygenated blood is carried by ______________.
1. pulmonary artery
2. hepatic vein
3. renal vein
4. all of the above
Ans: 4
Question (17): The threads formed during clotting are made up of _____.
1. thrombin
2. prothrombin
3. fibrinogen
4. fibrin
Ans: 4
Question (18): The double membraned structure surrounding the heart is called _____________.
1. plasmalemma
2. pleural membrane
3. tonoplast
4. pericardium
Ans: 4
Question (19): An example of lymph gland is ________________.
1. spleen
2. liver
3. tonsil
4. thyroid
Ans: 3
Question (20): Human circulatory system is called double circulation because of ___________.
1. systemic and hepatic portal system
2. hepatic portal and pulmonary system
3. systemic and pulmonary circulation
4. systemic, hepatic and pulmonary circulation
Ans: 3
Question (21): Pulse beat is measured in _____________.
1. nerve
2. artery
3. vein
4. heart
Ans: 2
Question (22): Thick muscular walls are present in ___________.
1. arteries
2. arterioles
3. veins
4. venules
Ans: 1
Question (23): Diapedesis is shown by _______________.
1. RBC
2. WBC
3. platelets
4. a,b and c
Ans: 2
Question (24): The main cells present in lymph are ___________.
1. red blood cells
2. platelets
3. lymphocytes
4. monocytes
Ans: 3
Question (25): The normal blood pressure in man is ___________.
1. 80/120 mm Hg
2. 120/80 mm Hg
3. 120/100 mm Hg
4. 100/80 mm Hg
Ans: 2
Question (26): The opening between the right auricle and the right ventricle is guarded by the _____.
1. tricuspid valve
2. bicuspid valve
3. semi-lunar valve
4. mitral valve
Ans: 1
Question (27): The food is transported in the phloem in the form of ______.
1. glucose
2. sucrose
3. amino acids
4. fats
Ans: 2
Question (28): The fluid that does not form clots is ___________.
1. blood
2. plasma
3. lymph
4. serum
Ans: 4
Question (29): The smallest blood vessel in the body is a _____________.
1. vein
2. vena cava
3. capillary
4. venule
Ans: 3
Question (30): The blood vessel carrying blood from heart to the lungs is called ___________.
1. carotid artery
2. carotid vein
3. pulmonary artery
4. pulmonary vein
Ans: 3
Question (31): Valves are present in ___________.
1. arteries
2. arterioles
3. veins
4. capillaries
Ans: 3
Question (32): The movement of particles from the region of their higher concentration to the region of their lower concentration is called as ________________.
1. osmosis
2. diffusion
3. active transport
4. ascent of sap
Ans: 2
Question (33): A portal vein runs from
1. an organ to the heart
2. the heart to an organ
3. one organ to another
4. an organ to the vena cava
Ans: 3
Question (34): Deoxygenated blood is received by the __________.
1. left auricle
2. right auricle
3. left ventricle
4. right ventricle
Ans: 2
Question (35): Mitral valve is the other name for ________________.
1. semilunar valve
2. bicuspid valve
3. tricuspid valve
4. venous valves
Ans: 2
Question (36): Lacteals in the intestine take up ______________.
1. digested starch
2. digested fats
3. digested proteins
4. glucose
Ans: 2
Question (37): Semilunar valves guard the junction of _____________.
1. left ventricle and aorta
2. right ventricle and aorta
3. left ventricle and pulmonary artery
4. right ventricle and pulmonary vein
Ans: 1
Question (38): Antibodies are produced as a reaction to the presence of _______________.
1. red blood cells
2. haemoglobin
3. antigens
4. white blood cells
Ans: 3
Question (39): Red blood cells are destroyed in the ____________.
1. lungs
2. liver
3. heart
4. spleen
Ans: 2
Question (40): Red blood cells are _____________.
1. biconcave discs
2. biconvex discs
3. cylindrical
4. spherical
Ans: 1
Question (41): Thrombocytes is the other name of _____________.
1. RBC
2. WBC
3. platelets
4. lymphocytes
Ans: 3