Key Issues in Strategic Urban Planning and Environmental Management: An Introductory OverviewDay 1: Monday, 11 DecemberPresentation at the Training Course of the World Bank Institute (WBI) in cooperation with the Association of Cities in Viet Nam (ACVN) Da Nang, 11-14 December 2006H. Detlef Kammeier, Bangkok Independent Researcher and ConsultantProfessor (em), AIT Bangkok, Thailand (1976-2000)Visiting Professor, TU Berlin and BTU Cottbus, Germany

WBI-ACVN Training Course on Urban Planning and Environmental Management, Da Nang, December 2006Introduction to the IntroductionStrategic Urban Planning and ManagementUrban Environmental ManagementDecentralization EffectsThe Schedule of the Training Course Introducing the Speakers

IntroductionThis is the first pilot event in a series of training courses for high-level Vietnamese planners and managers. It is co-organized by the World Bank Institute, the Association of Cities in Viet Nam, and the MOC Training InstituteWe all hope this first event will serve as a good model for a whole series of similar courses all over the country

This first session serves to introduce the broad theme to be presented and discussed during the next four days (and to be summarized on Friday this week), and to welcome both participants and speakers

WBI-ACVN Training Course on Urban Planning and Environmental Management, Da Nang, December 2006Introduction to the IntroductionStrategic Urban Planning and ManagementUrban Environmental ManagementDecentralization EffectsThe Schedule of the Training Course Introducing the Speakers

Strategic Urban Planning (1)OLD Master PlanThe plan as a productEmphasis on long-term future but not approach >> no strategic qualitysurvey-analysis-planMainly physical planningCity planner as expert, directing the processCivic leaders and council as decision makersNEW Urban ManagementFocus on planning process managing changeEmphasis on short and medium-term future, leaving many options open >> strategyproblem focus goals survey analysis implementation - feedbackEconomic, social, institutional aspectsCity planner negotiatorMultiple stakeholders

Strategic Urban Planning (2)OLD types of plans:Statutory development plan: physical, legal base, policy, (and some commitment only)Spatial plan: Physical, legal base

NEW types of plans:Strategic plan: Policy, physical, financial, institutional, commitment, (legal base)Action plan: Physical, financial, institutional, commitment

Strategic Urban Planning (3)Principal changes in the style of urban planning and environmental management:From command and control to participatory processes of managing change, with the planner as main negotiator and mediatorFrom focus on internal concerns (land use, infrastructure) to full awareness and proficiency in dealing with both of internal and external factors (market, international policies and trends, social habits)Dealing with a much wider scope from general policy to highly specific project

Policies shaping urban development (similarly: rural development)Policy formation and implementation >>> Different roles, from national level down to local levelNational

Regional

Local

Principal Interventions for Managing Urban Areas (emphasis on land)

A. Tax Measures

B. Non-Tax Measures

C. Direct Involvement of Public Authorities

Strategic Urban Planning (4)National development planNational urban development strategyNational environmental strategy (the state of the environment)

Regional development planning/management

Metropolitan/urban development strategy / structure planLand use plan >> outline zoning plans

Subdivision plansAction area plansImportant sector strategies and plans (national and city-specific):TransportationHousingWater/sanitationSolid wasteEducationHealthand others

WBI-ACVN Training Course on Urban Planning and Environmental Management, Da Nang, December 2006Introduction to the IntroductionStrategic Urban Planning and ManagementUrban Environmental ManagementDecentralization EffectsThe Schedule of the Training CourseIntroducing the Speakers

The relationship of policy context, urban management, urban planning, and urban environmental management

Environmental Transition >> City Typology:All over the world, cities have environmental problems but they (and the solutions) differ by stage of development! Compiled from Bartone, Satterthwaite, et al.

Urban Environmental ManagementEnvironmental Issues over TimeGeographicalCoveragePolicy InterventionsSource: Memon and Imura, IGES (Japan), 2003

MeansIssuesUrban PlanningInstitutional CapacityRegulatory CapacityTechnical CapacityFinancial Capacity Social Capacity Water Supply & Wastewater ManagementSolid Waste ManagementUrban Air Quality ManagementMonitoring & Evaluation (M&E) System

ChallengesNecessary condition(s)Regulations & InstitutionsPublic participationFinancial MechanismsAppropriate TechnologyEssential condition(s)Logical and suitableHuman resourcesJurisdiction & ImplementationPublic awarenessInformation systemsFormal & Informal frameworkGovernment & donor fundingEconomic instruments (MBIs)Public-private partnershipsMonitoringProductionRepair and maintenanceEnvironmental Problem (water pollution/ scarcity, air pollution, solid waste, industrial pollution, etc)Sources (households, private sector, transport, energy, etc.)

Impact (quantitative and qualitative)Urban PlanningZoning and land-useTitlingFuture growthCritical Path AnalysisSource: Memon and Imura, IGES (Japan), 2003

Integration Urban Planning and Environmental Management

All major Asian cities now have environmental management guidelines. Experience with PPP has been encouraging, especially together with local government Example: Thailand has adopted operational guidelines in all cities, such as this set (16 small volumes) tested since 1995

WBI-ACVN Training Course on Urban Planning and Environmental Management, Da Nang, December 2006Introduction to the IntroductionStrategic Urban Planning and ManagementUrban Environmental ManagementDecentralization EffectsThe Schedule of the Training CourseIntroducing the Speakers

The full meaning of decentralizationPolitical (or democratic) decentralizationAdministrative (or institutional) decentralization or deconcentration/devolution of authority to lower levels of governmentFiscal decentralizationAs a separate category: Economic or market decentralization from government to NGO and market organizations

Present reality of local government performance

Broad types of administrative, planning and management tasks LocalGovernment Regional branch offices of national agenciesNationalMinistriesLocal administration (routine type, including licences for local shops and markets, e.g.)FullVery few / NoneMainly supervisory functionsPolicies and regulatory framework and most investment decisions Simple municipal services (street cleaning, and simple maintenance of infrastructure)FullVery few / NoneComplex municipal services (water supply, sanitation, garbage collection, street lighting etc.)SomeSomeLargely responsible for implementing projects and even maintenanceManagement of social services (facilities/services for education, health, leisure, e.g.)SomeSomeCapital investment projects (including programming of major infrastructure improvements, e.g.)NoneSome / MostLand management and developmentLimitedMostDevelopment control (building permits)SomeMostGeneral area planning and management (medium-term land-use plan, Local Agenda 21)None or LimitedMostOther complex tasks (such as industrial location)None (except for lobbying)Some

Targets under decentralized local government reform

WBI-ACVN Training Course on Urban Planning and Environmental Management, Da Nang, December 2006Introduction to the IntroductionStrategic Urban Planning and ManagementUrban Environmental ManagementDecentralization EffectsThe Schedule of the Training CourseIntroducing the Speakers

The schedule (a)Day 1 (Monday):Strategic Urban PlanningSystem OverviewCity Devt Strategy (CDS) ApproachWorld Bank Urban Strategies in Viet NVN Case StudyDay 2 (Tuesday):Urban Environmental ManagementUEM Overview, Concepts, ExperienceEnvironmental Mgt in Viet Nam (2 presentations)Sustainable City DevtVN Case Study

The schedule (b)Day 3 (Wednesday):Urban Finance, and Land ManagementUrban Finance Concepts (Viet Nam)Regional Planning (VN)Land Mgt IssuesLand Mgt Urban Fringe IssuesDay 4 (Thursday):Da Nang City DayStudy Tour Da NangDiscussion of Da Nang IssuesWrap-up Panel Discussion Award of Certificates & Closing CeremonyDinner Farewell and Welcome

WBI-ACVN Training Course on Urban Planning and Environmental Management, Da Nang, December 2006Introduction to the IntroductionStrategic Urban Planning and ManagementUrban Environmental ManagementDecentralization EffectsThe Schedule of the Training CourseIntroducing the Speakers

Introducing the speakersIn this first training course, there are mainly foreign speakers (with experience in Viet Nam) and only some Vietnamese colleaguesIn future courses, there will be mainly Vietnamese speakers, and only some foreigners

Brief self-introduction of the speakers:Day 1: Detlef Kammeier, Henry Sharpe, Alan CoulthartDay 2: Allan Rotman (Vinh), Wayne Stone, Nguyen QuangDay 3: Cuong Duc Dang, Lawrie Wilson, Henry SharpeDay 4: Da Nang speakers, panelists

So much for the course introduction.Now - lets start floating