Gulf War Chronology_ Statistics

7/30/2019 Gulf War Chronology_ Statistics

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Gulf War Chronology

Statistics

STATISTICS ON THE PARTICIPANTS:

(120) F-15C

(048) F-15E

(144) A-10A, OA-10A

(018) EF-11A

(249) F-16A/C/D

(056) F-117A

(044) F-111F

(022) F-111E

(222) F/A-18A/C/D

THE SORTIE COUNT & TONNAGE DELIVERED:

v a total of 109,876 sorties were flown during the war

- USAF flew 59%: 64,827 sorties

- all others flew 41%: 45,049 sorties

v Between 17Jan and 02Mar, coalition air forces flew over 112,000 sorties and

dropped over 88,000 tons of ordnance ("From Shield to Storm", page 145)

v The USAF insists that the USN flew only 10-12% of all bombing missions

over Iraq, with the highest share coming to 16% on one day.

v The USN says these USAF figures do not count for the defensive patrols over

their ships and a few dozen mission attacking Iraqi naval targets.

v tonnage of delivered ordnance

- all US delivered tonnage = 88,500 tons (177,000,000 LBS)

- 6520 tons of Precision Guided Munitions (PGM's) (13,040,000 LBS)


2/12

v "Coa t on A r Forces ew more t an 35,000 sort es aga nst KTO targets,

including more than 5600 against the Republican Guards Forces Command (RGFC)"

(Pentagon's "Conduct of the Persian Gulf War", page 345)

STATISTICS ON THE WAR's FINANCIAL COSTS:

The Defense Department estimated that the Gulf War cost slightly more that $54 billion and then revised

in 1992 to $61 billion. Most of the bill, $48.2 billion was paid for by the coalition allies and their pledges.The USG has received to date $45 billion of that amount. The Pentagon will require $2.8 billion from

Congress. The US received $5.8 billion in fuel and other non-cash support from the allies. The Pentagon

wrote off $1.2 billion in military equipment that was lost during the war. (AW&ST, 11 Nov91, pg17)

The Cost of the Gulf War ("Omni Magazine", April 1993, pg 27)

The Bush Administration's original War Plan called for $71 Billion with $54 coming from the coalitio

partners according to the Congressional Quarterly Almanac of 1991. After the war was over Congre

passed a bill that allocated $42.6 Billion to cover the costs of the War but stipulated that the money wou

come from the $54 Billion promised by our allies. That left the US with a $10.9 Billion gain but nowhe

did the Quarterly say how much the war did cost. The White Office of Management and Budget (OMB

said that the US spent $31.5 Billion on the War, although the figure did not include the expense of shippin

the troops and equipment home. A government study, "An Analysis of the President's Budgetary Proposa

for Fiscal Year 1992", which came out in March 1991, suggested that the total cost of the War wuld

around $45 Billion and mentioned that the DoD would not be able to be accurate on its estimate. In Jun

1991, The Congressional Research Service reported that the Allies pledged $54.6 Billion of which $36

Billion would be in cash and the rest with In-Kind contributions. By October 1992, The Defen

Department estimated that the full incremental costs of the conflict was $61.1 Billion. Total forei

contributions were listed as $53.8 Billion with $48.1 Billion in cash and $5.7 Billion In-Kind. So in the en

the cost to US Tax payer should be around $7.3 Billion.

DESERT STORM COMBAT AWARDS:

The US Army announced that out of the 306,730 serving men and women:

v (74) Silver Stars

v (396) Purple Hearts

v (25) Legions of Merit

v (23) Distinguished Flying Crosses (DFC's) for valor

v (74) DFC's for Achievement

v (694) Air Medals for Valor

v (4,492) Air Medals for Achievement

v (555) Air Medals for Service

v (37) Soldier's Medal for Non-combat Heroism


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v (20,005) Bronz Stars for Achievement

v (6,327) Bronz Stars for Service

v (976) Army Commendation Medals for Valor

v (68,693) Army Commendation Medals for Achievement

v (12,009) Army Commendation Medals for Service

v (21,775) Combat Infantryman's Badges

v (3,136) Combat Medical Badge

TANK HUNTING/KILLING BOXES

... About a third of the allied bombing sorties each day are directed at Iraqi military Units in the KTO,

specifically those of the elite Republican Guards. A-10's and F-16's are being tasked to patrol designated"boxes" and they are supposed to look for tank, bunker, vehicles, and artillery implacement targets of

opportunity. There is no shortage of targets, the Iraqi's have created earthen berms around their tanks and

have their tanks only exposed at the turrent level. Destroyed tanks and vehicles are very difficult to separa

and the Iraqi's have even gone so far as to set destroyed tanks on fire again.

... The "Fast Fac" concept has been organized again and dual seat F/A-18D's, F-16's, and single-seat

slower OA-10's have been pressed into service manned by the most experienced aviators. After several

occurrance with handheld SAM's, the OA-10's were completely replaced with fast-moving F-16's and F

18's. For the US Marines, the newly deployed dual-seat F/A-18D was utilized excluseively.

... GPS equipped Blk 40 F-16C's proved to be very effective since the Nav accuracy was greater thananything in the theater. Pilots even carried binoculars. The requirement to have accurate navigation,

slewable FLIR that has magnification, and a HUD capability for the FLIR or LLTV with Night vision

goggles. But the best approach is quickly becoming the Helmet mounted steerable FLIR

WHAT ABOUT THE FINAL IRAQI DEATH TOLL ?

v Greepeace Assessment: (analyst William Arkin)

... The 43 Day War killed up to 140,000 Iraqis, an average of 3000 per day, or

three times the daily death rate during the Vietnam War

... 1000 continue to die each week, will bring the total to 200,000

v US Deptartment of Defense estimates on soldiers were:

... 100,000 killed

... 300,000 wounded

v Defense Intelli ence A enc DIA


4/12

... released 22May91 to Natural Resources Defense Council

... 100,000 to 120,000 Iraqi soldiers killed

... 150,000 troops deserted

... did not account for the 60,000 to 80,000 that were POW's

v Ken Brower Military Analyst

... DIA's estimate is preposterous

... estimates that 32,000 were Killed

... US troops report only burying 450 Iraqi's

... During WWII 4 tons bombs/fatality

... Gulf War expended 88,000 tons of bombs

> 2.75 tons per fatality for 32,000 KIA

v 343 Allied war deaths

... 145 Americans killed in combat

... 121 Americans killed by accidents

vDallas Morning News Summary (12Jan92, pg22A), summarized that the

total was in fact far less than the DIA's 100,000 estimate. It notes that some

analysts believe that as few as 8,000 Iraqi dead could have been achieved in

the KTO based on extrapolations from casualty figures of past wars. The

Iraqi force was exaggerated, not the 600,000 briefed, but more like

225,000. From that 65,000 were accounted for as prisoners, thus leaving

around 25,000 to 50,000 to be casualties.

CASUALTIES & LOSSES:

v Desert Shield: 7Aug90 to 16Jan91

- 106 non-combat deaths

v Desert Storm: 17Jan91 to 21Mar91

- 140 KIA and 357 WIA


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- 120 Non-combat causes

v Deaths broken down by services

- 181 US Army

- 48 USMC

- 23 USAF

- 8 USN

----

260

v Ceasefire Period beginning March 1st

- 9 US KIA (4 to mines + 4 in CH-47 + 1 accident)

- 4 US and 8 French WIA

FRATRICIDE IN PREVIOUS WARS:

v French & Indian War: Washington reported 400 casualties

v 1863 Stonewall Jackson killed by his own men

v During WW I, French Gen Percin claimed that his own Army lost 75,000 to

his own artillery

v 173 in World War II, by Dupuy says that it is more like 10% of the

962,927 lost

v Worst incident is bombers on US troops at St Lo (France) 757 casualties

v 90 during Vietnam War, but Dupuy says around 15-20%

v Dak To in 1967 cost 42 KIA and 45 WIA Paratroopers from CAS

v IAF had at least 3 during PFGO

v 2 KIA and 17 casualties from (4) A-7's at least during Grenada

v Panama had at least 1, but estimates are that 60% of 347 US casualties from

friendlies

v a HARM hit friendly position according to LtCol Edward Lesnowicz at the

USMC HQ Warfighting Center, Quantico


6/12

FRATRICIDE ISSUES IN DESERT STORM & SHIELD:

v See "Killed by Their Comrades",Newsweek, 18Nov91, pg 45/46

... Pentagon concluded that 35 out of 148 (24%) killed were frats and 72 out of 467

(15%) WIA were frats....107 out of 617 total (17%)

... there were 28 separate incidents of friendly fire for the US Forces

... But not counted in the friendly-fire numbers were an additional 11

Americans killed by unexploded allied munitions. This would raise the

total to 46 and it would be 31% of the total.

... Yet, there is an additional 18 American soldiers killed by unexploded

Iraqi munitions, which brings the numbers of casualties caused by post

battle contact with unexploded ordnance to 20%.

... 26Feb91: (9) British soldiers died when a Warrior was hit by US fire

... mid Feb: Saudi 8th Brigade was bombed by a USMC A-6E 12 miles

... Pfc John Wesley Hutto, Andalusia, Alabama

- killed by a US 120mm tank round from an M-1 from the 24th Division

- during the attack on Jalibah Air Base one day before ceasefire, 28Feb91

- M-1 fired on a Bradley and created 11 casualties

- clear-light with viz 1 to 2 miles

... 27Feb91: night attack, US tank on US tank

... EOD activity trying to explode un-detonated air delivered CBU dud's

- these losses were not counted in the friendly fire figures

- 7 KIA's from the Army's 27th Engineer Battalion

- 12 KIA and 22 WIA from a Saudi unit doing the same thing

v Summary from FYEO, Issue 272, 19Aug91 by Steve Cole

1. Pentagon Report from 13AUG91

... 35 of the 148 US Combat deaths and 72 of the 467 wounded from friendlies

... 16 incidents involved ground troops firing on other ground troops


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... 9 incidents of aircraft firing on ground troops

... 2 incidents of ships firing on ships

... 1 SAM against a friendly aircraft that missed

... of the 35 tanks and armoured vehicles destroyed, 27 were from friendly fire

... most from navigational errors or rapid movements that put units where they

were not expected or from which friendly units appeared where hostile units

were said to be, or expected

v HARM Employment Reports

1. EA-6B and an F-4G launched HARM's against US Army counter-battery radars

Actually caused deaths and could not be explained due to the fact that the radars

were South of the border-line

2. More than one HARM was launched against friendly shipboard emitters, but again luck had it that they

were basically out of range.

3.Defense News, 19Aug91

... "Most of the friendly fire casualties, totaling 35 dead and 72 wounded, were

caused by weapons in M1 tanks, M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicles, or in helicopters & aircraft. During the

War the United States lost 148 killed and 467 wounded in battle, said LtGen Martin Brandtner, director

operations for the Joint Staff"

... Several HARMS hit friendly radars

- radars on the USS Jarret & USS Nicholas 15 miles off th Kuwaiti coast

- US Army Truck carrying a Ground Surveillance Radar

- USMC Surveillance Radar

- a ground based radio navigation beacon at a Special Ops Helo Base

... The USS Missouri was hit by Phalanx Gun rounds when it fired

automatically after chaff rounds were fired, mistaking them for

incoming cruise missiles

v MAVERICK Employment

1. (7) Marines were killed when their LAV was hit by an A-10 delivered

MAVERICK


8/12

, ,

formations after two suspected Iraqi armoured vehicles. Hale went with a flight of

three. Spot NT915270, spotted two vehicles forward of the line, out of place,

suspecious. Was actually at NT. Mistake was made in reading the coordinate numbers

off of the Apache's weapons system. The wingmen noted the differences in the

coordinates but the pilots continued to use their judgements and the ground

commander continued to press for the kill. He eventually fired. Three days later

LtCol Hale was relieved of duty for disobeying his Commanding General's directive

that CO'c were to direct and not pull the trigger himself. Cpl Jeff Middleson (23)

and Pvt Robert Tally (23) were KIA.

v British Forces suffered a Frat-Hit from (2) A-10's firing Mavericks, where (9)

British soldiers were killed and (11) injured. The US investigation blames the

British ATC Controller and the British report blames the A-10 pilots. Two Warrior

combat APC's were hit by Mavericks on 26 Feb 91. The vehicles were in their

correct location and they were displaying the correct ID markings. The Brits say that

he American pilots mis-ID'ed the APC's as Iraqi tanks. There was a conflict in the

understanding of grid-coordinates passed to the A-10's over where the enemy

vehicles were located.

v Air-to-Air (Blue versus Blue) Encounters

1. F-15C could have possibly killed a Navy F/A-18 with AIM-7

2. An F-14 might have downed an A-6 with Pheonix, however at the same time

there was indications that an Iranian HAWK might have fired on the same A-6,

which was laying mines on the back side of Falafian Island near the Iranian

coast.

3. A Marine (Bob Ellsville) was vectored off of a CAP on to a target coming south. It

was on a profile from the deck to 40,000 ft which loioked more like a Bingo

Profile than an attack profile. The AWACS gave him a cleared to fire on an EID

confirmation of an F-1and a re-assurance that there were no French aircraft

airborne at the time. Bob elected to do a stern conversions and joined on the


9/12

Mirage only to discover it was in fact a French aircraft on a BINGO.

4. Several Blue-versus-Blue's occurred during Desert SHIELD. STORM proved

that it was basically luck that many more friendlies were not attacked

and possibly hit, downed, or killed.

v (9) British soldiers from the Royal Regiment Fusiliers are KIA by an American

A-10A on 27Feb91, the last day of the war. Mutually understood recognition symbols

were on the IFV's that were being used by the Fusiliers

v Naval SAM Encounters

1. Several ship-aircraft alerts were experienced, especially after the (3) F-1's

slipped down the Gulf between the AWACS and E-2C overlap

v The Pentagon released new figures on Fratricide (13Aug91) saying that around 25%

of all KIA's were from friendly fire, total KIA's were listed at 135

v Journal of Electronic Defense (Oct91, pg20) noted that one out of every four Americans

killed were due to friendly fire. The US Army TRADOC organized the Army Combat

Identification Task Force to solve the vehicle and unit ID problems. Key focus is on expanded

use of GPS and data link (ATHS) type systems.

v 19Aug91 "Air Force Times"15 Possible Friendly Fire Case Investigated

... 24Jan91 (2) Marines wounded when an A-10A strafed a Humvee & 5 ton truck 60 miles west of Kha

at around 12:20pm

... 29Jan91 (7) Marines KIA when an A-10A fired a IR Maverick that hit a LAV in the same area 60 mi

west of Khafji. USAF said the missile malfunctions and hit short.

... 29Jan91 (4) Marines killed in same incident when another LAV was hit possibly by another LAV firing

TOW

... 02Feb91 (1) Marine KIA and (2) WIA when an A-6E or a USAF F-4G dropped a bomb on a Marin

Howitzer pit in the same area 60 miles west of Khafji, supporting Task Force Shepherd

... 03Feb91 (1) USA soldier with an Intell unit with the 1st Cav Div when a ground surveillance vehicle w

hit by an air launched munition while parked between Bradley vehicles. Reported by Steve Elfers, AF

Times photographer. This could have been a HARM hit.

... 14Feb91 (3) USA soldiers wounded by small arms fire during a fire fight at Marky Samah al Jadid,

Saudi Arabia

... 17Feb91 (2) USA soldiers KIA when an Apache helicopter fired a Hellfire missile at several Bradley

vehicles. (6) WIA's from the same helo from a ground surveillance vehicle (M113) around 10 miles inside


10/12

of Iraq, 50 miles north of Hafar al-Batin.

... 22Feb91 (1) National Guard soldier WIA from artillery shrapnel, but not confirmed by Central

Command

... 23Feb91 (1) Marine KIA and (2) WIA when an A-10A fired a missile at a counter battery position 20

miles north of al Wafra. Other reports indicate that it might have been a HARM missile.

... 26Feb91 (9) British KIA and (11) WIA when 2 x A-10A's fired Maverick Missiles at two Warrior

Armored Vehicles at around 3:20pm. The British troops were preparing to blow up captured Iraqi artilleraround 50 miles inside of Iraq, 100 miles north of Hafar al-Batin.

... 26Feb91 (4) + (3) USA soldiers KIA when 2 x M113 APC's were hit by fiore from an Abrams Tank,

three survivors were machine gunned crawling out.

... 27Feb91 (2) British WIA's when a Scorpion armored recce vehicle by fire from an Abrams tank (150

meters), (1) KIA from shrapnel and another WIA from Machine Gun fire.

... 27Feb91 (2) more British WIA's from their own Challanger tank fire

... 27Feb91 (4) USA KIA's and (18) WIA's when two Bradleys were hit in the early morning fire fight

between 2nd Armored Div and Iraqi troops.

v 2Mar92, Aerospace Daily: "Horner calls GPS key to reducing fratricide in future"

- GPS + good comm the key to the future

- most incidents occurred in featureless desert because of mislocated friendlies

- active vehicle IFF's are not the answer, the enemy can figure it out

- modern lethal weapons make each incident worse then in the past

WAR CRIMES PROSECUTION:

v Col Raymond Ruppert and his US Army staff have been assigned the job of collecting

possible information for war crimes prosecution

v Kuwaiti resistance leader, Sheik Ali Salaam Al-Sabah, called for Saddam Hussein to be

brought in front of a court.

v Saudi Ambassador Prince Bandar bin Sultan says Saddam must pay for war crimes

v Rep (D-NY)Eliot Engle says Saddam should be captured and tried

GULF DEPLOYED FORCES CRIME RATE:

v Fewer than 1% of the 540,000 service members broke the law


11/12

v Number of Army Courts-Martial's were 1/10 th of the Peacetime rate

v 3 out of every 1000 Marines got in trouble, 12/1000 in Peacetime

v USAF courts-martialed (1) officer and (11) enlisted

v $682,000 in legal claims

HOMECOMING SCHEDULES:

09May91 (23)F-16C 10th TFS Hahn AFB

(06)B-52 4300th BW (various)

(03)KC-10 4300th BW (various)

10May91 (13)KC-135 1705th AREFW (various)

(08)F-4G 52nd TFW Spangdahlem AFB

(06)RF-4C 152nd TRG Bergstrom AFB

(12)F-111F 48th TFW RAF Lakenheath

11May91 (10)F-117A 37th TFW Nellis AFB

12May91 (07)A-10A 511th TFS RAF Alconbury

(12)F-15C 53rd TFS Bitburg AB

13May91 (18)A-10A 706th TFS NAS New Orleans

15May91 (13)OA-10A 23rd TASS Davis Montham AFB

16May91 U2/TR1 1700 SW (various)

17May91 (24)F-16A 157th TFS McEntire ANGB

25Aug91 11th Armoured Calvary Regiment Fulda, Germany

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Gulf War Chronology_ Statistics

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