The C ONNECT Architecture: Overview and Middleware Interoperability Aspects
GUL Interoperability Overview
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Transcript of GUL Interoperability Overview
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Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
GUL Interoperability Overview
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
Understand GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
Outline GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
Know Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
Page3
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Contents
1. GUL Interoperability Overview
2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
3. GUL Interoperability Solution
4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
Page4
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LTE Network Challenges
Indu
stry
Cha
in
Mat
urity
Customer
Experience
Ecosystem In
vest
men
t
Rewar
d
LTE Challenges
Risk of Customer Experience• Voice & SMS on LTE
• Seamless Handover between
G/U/L
Maturity Bottleneck• Lack of End to End Solution
Provider• Lack of Network Deployment
Experience• Terminals
Economical LTE Rollout• Flexible Site Solution• Cost-effective Backhaul Solution • Easy O&M
Profit-Oriented Approach • Service Innovation Create
Customer Value• Flexible Third Party Cooperation
Mechanism
LTE is the future, but opportunities always stay with challenges
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Operator’s Main Concerns
Impact of LTE introduction
Technology selection for different services;
Change on existing NE.
High end user experience QoE of new LTE subs;
Service continuity and
diversity.
GSM/UMTS/LTE Interoperability
Ecosystem’s maturity Spectrum availability;
UE availability;
Data service first.
Efficiency of investmentFocus on hotspot and dense
urban in initial phase.
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Function Requirement for Interoperability from Operators
Minimum Influence GSM/UMTS provide voice service to make up the
deficiency of LTE service type Make use of GSM/UMTS to share the load of LTE
service Make UEs in low data service rate handover to
GSM/ UMTS system, raising GSM/UMTS system
utilization ratio and, exerting LTE high-speed data
service advantage
Reasonable Inter-system Service/Load-sharing
GSM/UMTS is required to compensate the lack of LTE coverage
Try to receive data services as
far as possible in LTE so as to
get the best business
experience
The Best Service Experience
Impose the minimum influence
on networks and subscribes
during network upgrading
Ensure Service Continuity
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Performance Requirements for Interoperability from Operators
…
Satisfy KPI
IRAT Interoperability success
rate
IRAT Interoperability time delay
Require High Speed Service
Experience
Service experience trend :LTE > UMTS > GSM
Set IRAT parameters
reasonably
Avoid IRAT ping-pang
handover/reselectionPerformance Requirements
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LTE Deployment Strategy
Urban / Rural in expanding / mature phase
More spectrum available Convergent PS Core Load sharing strategy Service based mobility Enhance Network performance and end
user experience
Enable seamless service experience between LTE and G/U systems
Limited spectrum options Mainly dedicated for data service Independent EPC to minimize impact on CN Keep service continuity via 2G/3G network No impact on the stability of 2G/3G network
Hot spot / Dense Urban in initial phase
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Network interworking design Connected state
U2100U2100
U900/850U900/850
GSM900/1800GSM900/1800
L1800L1800
• Handover based on coverage ( CS handover/PS Cell change )
• PS reselection based on coverage (G->U)
• Handover based on coverage ( CS handover/PS Cell change ) (U900 edge area)
• CSFB ( L->U , L->G)• PS handover/CCO/redirection based
on coverage ( L->U , L->G)
• Inter-Freq handover based on coverage( UMTS center)
• Dual Inter-Freq handover based on coverage ( U900 edge area)
• PS handover/redirection based on service ( U->L)
U2100U2100
GSM900/1800GSM900/1800
Idle state
• Reselection • Camp on high priority
techonology first(LTE with the highest priority in default situation);
• Camp on low priority technology by coverage based reselection
L1800L1800
U900/850U900/850
Best QoS
Seamless Mobility Continuous service
Load balance
IDLE
CONNECTED
Camp/Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Data Service
Continuity
Voice Service
Continuity
CS Fall Back
CCO
SRVCC
Handover/Redirection
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Two Optional Network Structures for Interworking (Gn/Gp, S3/S4)
GGSN/PGW
MME
HSS
LTE TDD/FDD eNodeB
UMTS NodeB
GSMBTS
BSC
RNC
SGSN
S1u
S1-MME
S5
S11
S6a
S4
IP Servicese.g. IMS, PSS, etc
SGi
Gb
Gr
S3
S8
Gp
Lu-CS
A
S12
SGs/Sv
To Foreign PLMN
To Foreign PLMN
Gn
Gn
Lu-PS
To MME S10SGs
Proxy
• Fast to market.• Connect to the EPC with only minor change to
installed network.• Implement Gn/Gp structure in the first phase of LTE
deployment.• NE: GGSN should be upgraded or replaced or
integrated with PGW.• Gn/Gp is the most applied structure due to legacy
2G/3G version.
• Simple architecture• PCC, E2E QoE and GTP V2 is introduced.• This architecture will deployed when LTE
services obviously increased.• NE: SGSN, GGSN, MSC needs to be
upgraded.
Interfaces for S3/S4 structure
Interfaces for Gn/Gp structure
Advantage of Option 1: Gn/Gp (GTP V1) Advantage of Option 2: S3/S4 (GTP V2 )
Affected NE while implementing LTE
SGW
MSC/ VLR/eMSC
(GUL Scenario)
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GUL Interworking Procedure with Scenes
Access Flow Flow Scenario Trigger Scenario Protocol reference
GnGp SGSN
Routing Area Update
MME to Gn/Gp SGSN Routing Area Update
• Cell reselection, PLMN reselection
•RRC Release and redirection•Cell Change Order•Cell Change Order with NACC
3GPP TS23.401 section Appendix D3GPP TS23.401 section 5.6
Tracking Area Update
Gn/Gp SGSN to MME Tracking Area Update
•Cell reselection, PLMN reselection•RRC release and redirection• TCH/SDCCH release and redirection
•Cell Change Order•Cell Change Order with NACC
3GPP TS23.401 section Appendix D3GPP TS23.401 section 5.6
Handover
MME to Gn/Gp SGSN handover
• Cover Based, loading based, service based (CSFB&SRVCC)
3GPP TS23.401 section Appendix D
Gn/Gp SGSN to MME handover
• Cover Based, loading based 3GPP TS23.401 section Appendix D
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GUL Interworking Procedure with Scenes
Access Flow Flow Scenario Trigger Scenario Protocol reference
S4 SGSN
Tracking Area Update
E-UTRAN Tracking Area Update
• Cell reselection, PLMN reselection,
• RRC Release and redirection.• Cell Change Order.• Cell Change Order with NACC
3GPP TS23.401 section 5.3.3,5.6
Routing Area Update
UTRAN/GERAN Routing Area Update
• Cell reselection, PLMN reselection,
• RRC release and Redirection• TCH/SDCCH Release and Redirection
• Cell Change Order• Cell Change Order with NACC
3GPP TS23.401 section 5.3.3,5.6
Handover
E-UTRAN to UTRAN/GERAN Inter RAT handover
• Cover Based, loading based, service based (CSFB&SRVCC)
3GPP TS23.401 section 5.5.2
UTRAN/GERAN to E-UTRAN Inter RAT handover
• Cover Based, loading based 3GPP TS23.401 section 5.5.2
Page13
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Standard of Interworking Progress
20082009
2011
R8EPC, LTE TDD/FDD
DefinedGUL,TDSL,CL
Interworking Defined VoLTE;
CSFB, SRVCC
R9eCSFB
(Flash CSFB)
R10GUL TL eSRVCCGUL TL aSRVCC
R11GUL TL rSRVCC
OSCARVoLTE RoamingCL MOCN IWK
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Contents
1. GUL Interoperability Overview
2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
2.1 Interoperability Networking Requirement Overview from
Operators
2.2 Interoperability Networking Scenarios and Strategies
3. GUL Interoperability Solution
4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
Page15
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Operator Requirements Overview for Interoperability Networking
GL Networkin
g
UL Networking
GUL Networkin
g
Germany TMO: Legacy network:GSM900 and UMTS2100, plans to
launch a LTE network in 800M and 1800M respectively , UMTS
completely disappears, therefore forming GL Network scenario.
Canada Bell/Telus : Continously coverage areas via UMTS850 and UMTS1900 , plan
to introduce LTE to co-existed expansion building, therefore forming UL Network
scenario.
HongKong Genius : MOCN of HUT and PCCW. Legacy network: UMTS system
respectively owned by HUT and PCCW.
Singapore M1 : Current GSM1800 exits to provide 10M available for LTE, and last
GSM completely disappears, thereby considering UL Network scenario.
Japan eMobile : currently there are two carriers available for UMTS, 10M available for
LTE. Plans to provide 5M of UMTS for LTE via refarming so as to form UL Network
scenario.
Sweden N4M : LTE possibly uses 2600/1800/800 , UMTS occupies
2100/900 , GSM 1800/900, existed UMTS can not form continuous
coverage areas, so GUL Network scenario appears.
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Interoperability General Strategy(1/2) Preferentially camp on LTE frequency band
Reselect and handover from LTE edge area to GU network
Before deploying VoIP , voice call falls back to GU network via
CSFB strategy
Reduce the difficulty of LTE configuration via a brief and efficient
strategy. Via existed GU interoperability strategy, LTE can
interoperate with one of GU frequency bands( or carriers) .
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Interoperability General Strategy(2/2)
Phase 1: LTE Initial Deployment with Limited Coverage & subscribers in hotpot/dense urban
• LTE Mainly dedicated for data service• Voice Service Continuity via CSFB to 2G/3G
network• Keep service continuity via 2G/3G network by
coverage based Interworking• Load balance within LTE
Phase 2 and after: LTE with expanded Coverage & more subscribers in urban/rural
• Use PS handover for inter-RAT
switching
• Introduce VoLTE, voice continuity with
2G/3G via SRVCC
• Load balance between LTE and 3G/2G
LTE
G/U/T(Data)
G/U/T(Voice)
CSFB RedirectionReselection
LTE
G/U/T(Data)
G/U/T(Voice)
SRVCC RedirectionPSHOReselection
Camping by default Camping by default
Load Balance
VoLTE
Different interoperability strategies are adoptable in various LTE de-ployment phases
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GL Networking Strategy ( 1/2 )
1 ) Camping priority: LTE > GSM
2 ) Support cell reselection between
LTE and GSM
Supports LTE->GSM reselection at
the edge of LTE network;
Supports GSM ->LTE reselection
when moving into LTE coverage
area.
1 ) Supports LTE-> GSM coverage-based handover
2 ) Supports LTE-> GSM handover types : PSHO, SRVCC,
CCO/NACC, Redirection.
PSHO can ensure PS continuity before and after
handover;
CCO/NACC and Redirection are suitable for PS, which
requires low time delay;
VoIP is deployed in LTE not in GSM, so SRVCC is
used to handover VoIP to GSM CS domain;
In GSM connection mode, UE does not support inter-
RAT measurement, then it will adaptively adopt
handover without measurement which need configure
blind priorities of neighbour cells of GSM cells
3 ) Quick redirection, NACCor Flash CSFB. It requires
network side to support RIM procedure
Idle Mode Connection Mode
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GL Networking Strategy ( 2/2 )
1 ) Supports LTE-> GSM load-
control-based redirection
Redirect UE to GSM when
overload occurs in a cell
2 ) Supports LTE-> GSM load-
based handover
Let certain services with a
specifics QCI (such as VoIP)
fall back to GSM
1 ) Before LTE supports VoIP, Voice service falls back to
GSM via CSFB
In GSM connection mode, UE does not support
inter-RAT measurement, then it will adaptively uses
CSFB without measurement which need configure
blind priorities of neighbour cells of GERAN cells
In case of unspecific GSM handover function
supported by the network and UEs, only enable the
switch of redirection.
2 ) If VoIP is deployed in LTE not in GSM, SRVCC is
applied at the edge of LTE network so as to handover
voice service to GSM CS domain.
3 ) If VoIP is deployed in both LTE and GSM, PSHO is
adopted at the edge of LTE network so as to
handover VoIP service to GSM network.
Load Control and service steering Voice Solution
Page20
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UL Networking Strategy ( 1/2 )
1 ) Camping priority: LTE > UMTS
2 ) Support cell reselection between
LTE and UMTS
Supports LTE-> UMTS reselection at
the edge of LTE network;
Supports UMTS ->LTE reselection
when moving into LTE coverage
area.
1 ) Supports LTE-> UMTS coverage-based handover
2 ) Supports LTE-> UMTS handover types:
PSHO , SRVCC , Redirection 。 PSHO can ensure PS continuity before and after
handover;
Redirection is suitable for PS, which requires low
delay;
VoIP is deployed in LTE not in UMTS, so SRVCC is
used to handover VoIP to UMTS CS domain;
In UMTS connection mode, UE does not support inter-
RAT measurement, then it will adaptively adopt
handover without measurement which need configure
blind priorities of neighbour cells of UMTS cells
3 ) Quick redirection and flash CSFB. It requires network
side to support RIM procedure
Idle Mode Connection Mode
Page21
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UL Networking Strategy ( 2/2 )
1 ) Supports LTE-> UMTS load-control-
based redirection
Redirect UE to UMTS when overload
occurs in a cell
2 ) Supports LTE-> UMTS load-based
handover
Let certain services with a specifics
QCI (such as VoIP) fall back to UMST
3 ) Supports LTE-> UMTS CS/PS service
steering , CS service ( such as CSFB )is suggested to fall back carriers in R99,
while PS service(such as coverage-base
service) is recommended to fall back to
carriers in HSPA
1 ) Before LTE supports VoIP, Voice service falls back to UMTS via CSFB:
In UMTS connection mode, UE does not support
inter-RAT measurement, then it will adaptively adopt
CSFB without measurement which need configure
blind priorities of neighbour cells of UMTS cells
In case of unspecific UMTS handover function
supported by the network and UEs, only enable the
switch of redirection.
2 ) If VoIP is deployed in LTE not in UMTS, SRVCC
is applied at the edge of LTE network so as to
handover voice service to UMTS CS domain.
3 ) If VoIP is deployed in both LTE and GSM, PSHO is
adopted at the edge of LTE network so as to handover
VoIP service to UMTS network.
Load Control and service steering Voice Solution
Page22
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GUL Networking Strategy
Camping priority : LTE > UMTS >
GSM
1 ) LTE->GU intersystem handover: Current commercial
UEs are not able to support GSM but UMTS intersystem
measurement, therefore, eNodeB only delivers UMTS
measuring to UE. When the quality of UMTS is better
and UE reports event B1, and eNodeB will handover UE
to a UMTS neighbour cell. If there is no UMTS coverage
are and UE does not report event B1, eNodeB will
directly blind redirect UE whose receiving level in the
serving cell is lower than certain threshold(coverage-
based) or sometime later(CSFB) to GSM.
2 ) After UE supporting GSM measuring, via adjusting
GSM parameters(suggest to longer UMTS measuring
time) to ensure UE report B1 MR of UMTS to realize to
handover to UMTS preferentially
3 ) If UE does not support GU measuring, prefer blind
handover to UMTS can be realized via configuration.
空闲态
Connection Mode / Voice Solution
Idle Mode
UMTS can not realize the
continuous coverage, while
operators require to
preferentially interoperate to
UMTS, therefore forming
GUL scenario
Uses the same strategy with
before, so only differences
list here
Page23
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Contents
1. GUL Interoperability Overview
2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
3. GUL Interoperability Solution
4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
Page24
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Target of GSM/UMTS/LTE Interworking
Data service only; Keep service continuity via GSM/UMTS network ; Avoid the impact on the GSM/UMTS network stability;
Voice service introduced; Load based mobility management; Service based mobility
management;
Expanding / Mature Phase
Page25
Initial Phase
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Interworking Procedure Components Interworking procedure includes 4 steps: Trigger, Measurement, Decision
and Execution.
Trigger
Measurement
Decision
Execution
Coverage
LoadQoS
Satisfaction
VoicePS Servic
e
…
Redirection
PS Handover
Re-Selection
IDLEUE Make Decision
RRC ConnectedBS Make Decision
CCO/eNACC
CCO: cell change ordereNACC: network assisted cell changeRRC: radio resource control
withMeasure
ment
Blind
Page26
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Contents
1. GUL Interoperability Overview
2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
3. GUL Interoperability Solution
3.1 Coverage-Based Interoperability Solution
3.2 Load-Based Interoperability Solution
3.3 Voice Service Continuity Solution
3.4 Interoperability Strategy Cases of Operators
4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
Page27
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Last RPLMN
HPLMN & EHPLMN
PLMN of “User Controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology”
PLMN of “Operator Controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology”
The PLMN of Better Wireless Quality
Other PLMN Base On Wireless Quality
Camping Procedure
Camping
+
Verify if target is forbidden
Common priority is sent to UE in SIB
LTE TDD > LTE FDD > UMTS/TDS > GSM
or LTE TDD > LTE FDD > HRPD > 1x
1, Faster loading up LTE network;2, Less impact to G/U network and
subscribers.
Various UE individual priorities can be
applied to distribute subscribers to specific
networks based on operator policy.
1, SPID-based UE Individual Priority
2, PLMN-based UE Individual Priority
Common Camping Priority
UE Individual Priority
UE
SIM
UE
SIM
RPLMN(registered PLMN) EHPLMN ( Equivalent HPLMN)
Page28
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Common Frequency Priority with SIB Broadcasting
SIB 3 SIB 5 SIB 6 SIB 7Serving Frequency Priority
Inter-Frequency Priority
UTRAN Frequency Priority
GERAN Frequency Priority
Serving = 5 FFDD = 4 FUTRAN = 2 FGERAN = 1
SIB 19Serving = 2FGERAN = 1FFDD = 4FTDD = 5
SIB 2 quaterServing = 1FUTRAN = 2FFDD = 4FTDD = 5
SIB 3 SIB 5 SIB 6 SIB 7Serving Frequency Priority
Inter-Frequency Priority
UTRAN Frequency Priority
GERAN Frequency Priority
Serving = 4 FFDD = 5 FUTRAN = 2 FGERAN = 1
TDD
FDD
UTRAN
GERAN
TDD
FDD
UTRAN
GERAN
Common Priority
Page29
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SPID-Based UE Individual Priority
eNodeB
S1-MME(SPID)
GERAN Priority 5
TDD Priority 4
FDD Priority 3
UTRAN Priority 2
TDD Priority 5
FDD Priority 4
UTRAN Priority 3
GERAN Priority 2
Voice packageMobile Terminal
HSS
S6a(SPID)
TDD Priority 5
FDD Priority 4
UTRAN Priority 3
GERAN Priority 2
CPE
SPID
Voice packageMobile Terminal
Data packageMobile Terminal
CPE
UE with Data package (i.e. SPID =10):
The common priority in SIB will work, UE will prefer camping on LTE TDD
UE with voice package(i.e. SPID=20):
eNodeB will send UE individual priority with GSM higher than LTE in RRC Connection Release message.
The individual cell reselection priority will overwrite common priority.
UE will prefer camping on GSM
CPE (i.e. SPID=30), the eNodeB will not send UE individual priority to UE, the common priority in SIB will work, then CPE will prefer camping on LTE TDD
RRC Con
nect
ion
Relea
se
Sys
tem
Info
rmat
ion
Blo
ck
Strategy
System Information Block
HSS
MME
SPID Service Profile Identifier
Cell reselection Info
Cell reselection Info
Cell reselection InfoHSS set SPID info for each subscriber, and send to eNodeB via MME
Data packageMobile Terminal
Page30
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PLMN1 PLMN2
RRC Connection Release
FDD Priority 5
TDD Priority 4
UMTS Priority 3
GSM Priority 2
RRC Connection Release
TDD Priority 5
FDD Priority 4
UMTS Priority 3
GSM Priority 2
LTE TDD
LTE FDD
According to the PLMN which UE is registered to, the eNodeB may send individual priority with RAT1 (e.g. FDD) higher than RAT 2 (e.g. TDD) in RRC Connection Release message, the individual priority will overwrite common priority, then UE will prefer camping on its Home Network (e.g. FDD).
Priority based on SPID
Priority based on PLMN
Cell Common Priority
High Priority
Low Priority
Concept Policy
HPLMN is PLMN1 HPLMN is PLMN2
UE Individual Priority based on PLMN
Page31
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Coverage-Based Re-Selection in IDLE Mode
Inter-frequency (including Inter-RAT)
Serving cell Target cell
Scan by default
Intra-frequency
Target > Threshold
Broadcast
Serving < Threshold1
Scan
High priority
Low priority
Lowpriority
Highpriority
Target > Threshold 2
Re-selection
Serving cell Target cell Serving cell Target cell
* Threshold based on RSRP or RSRQ
Target – Serving > Offset
Broadcast
Common priority sequence and threshold is broadcasted in SIB message, should be the same for the entire network. SIB 3 5 6 broadcasted in LTE, SIB 19 broadcasted in UMTS.
From Low priority to High priorityScan by default
From High priority to Low or Equal priority
• Good quality in serving cell(Level and Quality) : not to measure neighbour cells
• Bad quality in serving cell(Level or Quality) : measure neighbour cells
• Measure or not via switch CFG
• Good quality in serving cell(Level and Quality) : not to measure neighbour cells
• Bad quality in serving cell(Level or Quality) : measure neighbour cells
• Measure or not via switch CFG
• Always measure neighbour cells
Page32
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Coverage-Based Interworking in RRC Connected Mode
Inter-frequency (Intra-RAT)
Serving cell Target cell
A3 :Target – Serving > Offset
HO/Redirection
Intra-frequency
Coverage based PS handover is recommended to enable by default.Blind PSHO or redirection will be used, if Inter-frequency (including inter-RAT) measurement is not supported by UE
Event: A3/A4/A5A4 is recommended
HO/Redirection
Event: B1/B2
HO/Redirection
Serving cell Target cell Serving cell Target cell
Coverage based Interworking is triggered by A2 Event: Trigger:
Measurement:
* Threshold based on RSRP or RSRQ
Inter-frequency (Inter-RAT)
Page33
Serving < Threshold1
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PS Handover Execution Procedure
Example: Inter-RAT handover instance: Handover from LTE cell to G/U cell
SGW PGW
MMELTE
eNodeB
G/U/T BTS
BSC/RNC SGSN GGSN
① HO decision: LTE to GU
eNodeB sends HO request
② MME sends relocation to target SGSN
Target GU network establish access connection
③ eNodeB sends HO command to UE
④ MS detected by target GU network
⑥ Release source network resources
⑤ Target network finish relocation.
Context exchange with source PGW
①
②
②
②
③③
④
⑤
⑤
⑤
⑤⑥
⑥
HO Trigger, Measurement and Decision
Page34
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eNACC Procedure
Example: Inter-RAT handover instance: eNACC from LTE
cell to GSM cell
SGW PGW
MMELTE
eNodeB
GSM BTS
BSC SGSN GGSN
① UE send target cell measurement to eNodeB. eNodeB makes HO decision
② eNodeB gets target cell info. by RIM procedure
③ eNodeB sends HO command to UE
④ MS detected by target GSM network
⑥ MME release source network resources
⑤ Target network finish relocation.
Context exchange with source PGW
②
②
②③
④
⑤⑤
⑤
⑤
⑥
⑥
①
HO Trigger, Measurement and Decision
Page35
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Redirection Procedure
Inter-RAT handover instance: Redirection from LTE cell to G/U cell
SGW PGW
MMELTE
eNodeB
G/U BTS
BSC SGSN GGSN
① UE send target cell measurement to eNodeB. eNodeB makes HO decision
② eNodeB send RRC Release message to UE, carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo that specifies the frequency of the target GERAN/UTRAN cell.
③ UE in RRC IDLE state, reselect the GERAN/UTRAN cell with the specified frequency according to redirection information.
eNodeB requests MME release LTE RRC_Connect.
UE initiates an RAU procedure.
②
③
③
③
③
①
HO Trigger, Measurement and Decision
Page36
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Contents
1. GUL Interoperability Overview
2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
3. GUL Interoperability Solution
3.1 Coverage-Based Interoperability Solution
3.2 Load-Based Interoperability Solution
3.3 Voice Service Continuity Solution
3.4 Interoperability Strategy Cases of Operators
4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
Page37
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Load Balance Scenarios
• Intra-RAT Load balance can be enabled
when LTE has limited coverage and
subscriber.
• Inter-RAT can be enabled when LTE
expanded coverage and has more
subscribers.
Serving cell
Target cell
Offload
Normal
Load status exchange
Highload
Cell load based activities
Less
loaded
Intra-RAT
Threshold
Inter-RAT
Threshold
Overload
Intra-RAT MLB
Inter-RAT MLB
Load Control
PS Handover;
PS Handover;Redirection;
Reject+Redirection;Release+Redirection;For GBR
RB
use
ra
te
Serving Cell Load
Concept
Policy
Page38
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Intra-RAT MLB Procedure with X2
LTE TDD eNodeB LTE FDD/TDD
X2
Reply with cell load information
Request neighbor cell load information
Option 1: Choose target cell by Blind HO priority (if blind HO enabled)Option 2: Require UE to scan candidate target cells. Choose target cell on UE report.Option 3: If No UE supports PSHO. Redirection can be applied.
HO Execution
Serving cell load exceeds Intra-RAT MLB threshold
1
2
3
Make target cell candidate list4
Make UE candidate list, based on RB usage and QoS configuration
5
7
LTE UE
Uu
6
Not recommend Intra-RAT MLB w/o X2 for limited performance than X2 based MLB
Page39
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Inter-RAT MLB ProcedureRequest neighbor cell load status by RIM(Consider as normal, if status exchange by RIM is not supported)
LTE TDD eNodeB GSM/UMTS
Reply with cell load status by RIM
Option 1: Choose target cell by Blind HO priority (if blind HO enabled)Option 2: Require UE to scan candidate target cells. Choose target cell on UE report.Option 3: If No UE supports PSHO. Redirection can be applied.
HO Execution
Serving cell load exceeds Inter-RAT MLB threshold
1
3
Make target cell candidate list4
Make UE candidate list, based on RB usage and QoS configuration5
7
Multi-Mode UE
Uu
26
MME
SGSN
Lu-ps
S1 MME
S3/Gn
Page40
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Inter-RAT Load Sharing via Redirection in IDLE Mode
UE
TDD sends Individual Priority to UE during Idle Enter Procedures
UMTS Priority 5
TDD Priority 4
FDD Priority 3
RRC Connection Release
Serving cell
Status Unknown
eNodeB send RRC Release message to UE (which is inactive for 20s), carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo that specifies the frequency of the target cell.T320 timer will work. Specified priority will be effective until T320 expires. (T320 will expire when UE service is active and finished.)
UE redirected to target based on the specified frequency in redirection message.UE performs network entry.
?
Target cell
UE RRC Connected which has no traffic will be released to IDLE Mode.
1
2
3
LTE TDD eNodeB GSM/UMTSMulti-Mode UE
• This solution doesn’t impact UE experience.• UE doesn’t support PSHO can be offload to G/U with this scheme.
Page41
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Load-Control-Based Redirection(GBR Service)
UE
TDD sends Individual Priority to UE during Idle Enter Procedures
TDD Priority 5
FDD Priority 4
UMTS Priority 3
GSM Priority 2
RRC Connection Release
Serving cell
Overloaded
Status Unknown
eNodeB send RRC Release message to UE, carrying RedirectedCarrierInfo that specifies the frequency of the target cell. UE redirected to target
based on the specified frequency in redirection message.UE performs network entry.
?
Target cell
Either UE in RRC Connected mode or UE attempting to enter.Based on UE priority.
Either Inter-RAT redirection or Intra-RAT redirection when UE doesn’t support PSHO.
1
23
LTE TDD eNodeB GSM/UMTSMulti-Mode UE
It is recommended to reduce load through MLB, not load control.
Page42
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. GUL Interoperability Overview
2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
3. GUL Interoperability Solution
3.1 Coverage-Based Interoperability Solution
3.2 Load-Based Interoperability Solution
3.3 Voice Service Continuity Solution
3.4 Interoperability Strategy Cases of Operators
4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
Page43
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
VoLTESRVCCCS Fall Back
Voice Service Continuity Solution
EPC CS Core
LTEG/U/C
SGs
Call
CS VoicePaging
EPC CS Core
LTEG/U/C
Sv
Call
VoLTE CS Voice
IMS
Access Transfer
Handover
Access
EPC PS Core
LTEG/U/C
S3/S4
Call
VoLTE PS Voice
IMS
Handover
SRVCC: Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
• 2010Q4, world’s 1st LTE to UMTS/GSM CSFB call.
• Jan. 2011, world’s 1st CSFB call with commercial smart phone.
• Apr. 2012, 11 commercial CSFB networks.
Dual-Standby
EPC PS Core
LTE
G/U/C
Call
LTE Data Voice / PS Data
IMS
No Handover
• 2013, CMCC Commercial
Leverage CS Voice Legacy and Introduce IMS PS Voice Service Progressively
• May. 2011, world’s 1st VoLTE call.• Feb. 2012, joint VoLTE demo with
VDF in MWC 2012.
Page44
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
CS Fall Back Solution for Voice
Voice falls back to G/U/C
LTE G/U/T/C
In the overlapped coverage of LTE and G/U/T/C…
• Reuse G/U/T/C Core;
•No additional core equipment
Provide voice service through G/U/C
network. Two options for the PS data service:
Service handover to G/U/T PS service; Service suspended until voice call is over,
then continue in LTE network.
(Suspending is enabled in CL PS now).
Enable Voice service quickly and
minimize new investment.
Principle Advantage
Page45
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Architecture and Functionalities of NE for CSFB
SGW PGW
MME
HSS
PCRF
LTEeNodeB
G/UBTS
BSC/ RNC
SGSN
S1u
S1-MME
S5
Gx
S11
S6a
Gn
MSC/ VLR
Gs• Multi-mode G/U/L;• CSFB capability;
•Paging to UE for CS domain.
• Indicate UE to the target CS cell.
•Above 3GPP R8•SGs/ISUP Connection with MME or SGs Proxy
Mobility management and paging procedures between EPS and CS domain.
SGs
•Mirroring VLR number and LAI with TAI.
•SGs connection for EPS/IMSI Attached UE
•Paging to eNodeB & UE
Gn
Gr
Page46
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fast Return From G/U to LTE
At the End of A Voice
Call
Solution1:Adjust IDLE
Timer
Solution2:NodeB Force UE Return to
LTE
No PS service
With PS service:Wait until
service stops
If there is LTE
With or without PS
service
UE reselect to LTE Frequency
There is NO LTE
UE stay IDLE in UMTS
NodeB redirect / PSHO UE to LTERRC Connected
If there is LTE
NodeB should not initiate redirection or PSHO
Less impact to NodeB and EPC
Need NodeB and EPC support redirection or PSHO
There are 2 ways to determine if there is LTE coverage: (RRC connected)1, Need UE support IRAT measurement. NodeB request UE measures LTE neighbor before PSHO or redirection.2, Only enable Solution 2 on NodeB when there is LTE in same area
There is NO LTE
Page47
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fast Return to LTE at the End of CSFB
Direct access
Without fast return
With fast return
PS Ready
CS callcell
reselection
PS Ready
CS call
PS
PS
Back to LTE after CS call
LTE
GSM/UMTS
GSM/UMTS
LTE
Enter IDLE and Reselect to LTE
Description• At the end of a CSFB call in GSM/UMTS network, the frequency information of LTE cell is sent in RRC Connection
Release message in order to instruct the UE to camp on the LTE cell instead of cell re-selection to LTE.
Benefits• This feature accelerate the camping back to LTE after voice call release and reduce unreachable time of LTE user
• Avoid the impact to non-CSFB user(e.g. UE may be out of network when trying to access LTE for about 10 seconds)
LTE
G/U
Release call with CSFB indication
frequency info.
CSFB
CSFB
BSC/RNC
Page48
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
SRVCC Solution for Voice
LTE
GSM/UMTSSRVCC to GUT
LTE
GU
Introduce IMS solution; PCC structure, future oriented
Convergent solution;
Provide VoLTE service for LTE
subscribers via IMS; SRVCC for VoLTE to G/U CS call via
handover procedure;
When UE moving from
LTE coverage to GSM/UMTS
with voice service…
Requires IMS and EMSC deployment
Principle Advantage
Page49
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
SRVCC: Architecture and Functionalities of NE
SGW PGW
MME
HSS
PCRF
LTEeNodeB
BSC/ RNC
SGSN
S1u
S1-MME
S5
Gx
S11
S6aS3S12
S4
MSC/ VLR/IWF
GsSv
•Enhanced MSC (with IWF)•SRVCC capability•Relocation procedure to CS.• Invoking session transfer procedure, voice continuity through SCC AS.
•Coordinating CS handover and session transfer.
• Indication to MME about SRVCC•Determine the neighbor cell supports SRVCC \
• PS bearer splitting voice bearer (QCI=1) from the non-voice bearer
• Handling the non-voice HO to target cell• Initiating SRVCC of the IMS voice call to the 2G/3G cell via Sv
•Multi-mode G/U/L UE• IMS/SRVCC capability
IMS
SGi
Rx
G/U BTS
Page50
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
eSRVCC Solution
eSRVCC (R10)SRVCC (R8)
• Re-establish the call signaling and bearer end to end.
• IMS session transfer for remote end has uncertain interruption, especially for: long service handling durationmultiple nodes involvedcomplex service logic and triggeringroaming out of home network
•Remote end update is avoided to reduce the interruption significantly (equal to HO interruption of radio access, usually < 300ms).
G/U CS
MSC
EPC
IMS
CS Voice
LTE PS SBC
PS Voice
G/U CS
MSC
EPC
IMS
CS Voice
LTE PS SBC
PS Voice ATGWATGW
ATCFATCF
signaling before HObearer before HO
signaling after HObearer after HO
Page51
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. GUL Interoperability Overview
2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
3. GUL Interoperability Solution
3.1 Coverage-Based Interoperability Solution
3.2 Load-Based Interoperability Solution
3.3 Voice Service Continuity Solution
3.4 Interoperability Strategy Cases of Operators
4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
Page52
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interworking Strategy of Operator S
1.5G UMTS (Data)Ericsson
2.1G UMTS (Voice/Data)Ericsson
Voice CSFB(Based on voice service)
Redirection(Based on
coverage.PS handover will be
enabled when terminal is available)
Offload(Default camping on
LTE TDD. Reselect to LTE TDD when UE is under LTE coverage. Redirection or PSHO will be enabled when UMTS is able to be upgraded)
LTE TDD 2.6GHuawei
Reselection/Fast Return(As soon as
voice service is finished and UE under LTE coverage)
Page53
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interworking Strategy of Operator B
900M/2.1G UMTS (Data)Huawei, XXX(aother operator)
Voice CSFBTo G/U(Based on
voice service)
Redirection(Based on coverage.PS handover will be
enabled when terminal is available)
LTE FDD 1.8G/2.6GHuawei
900M/1.8G GSM (Voice)huawei
LTE TDD 2.3GLoad Balance
Offload to LTE(Default camping on LTE TDD. Reselect to LTE TDD when UE is under LTE coverage. Redirection or PSHO will be enabled when UMTS is able to be upgraded)
Reselection(As soon as
voice service is finished and UE under LTE coverage)
Page54
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interworking Strategy of Operator C
TDS-CDMA
GSM
LTE TDD 2.6G
Default Camping
GL Reselection
TL Reselection
TL Redirection
GL Redirection
CCO/ eNACC
Voice CSFBTo G/T(SRVCC in
future)
Fast Return( rSRVCC in future )
Page55
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Country / region
Operator GU Vendor EPCInterworki
ng Voice PS
Network Structure
Japan SBMEricsson G/U
HuaweiCoverage-based
CSFB
Reselection between LTE and UMTSRedirection from LTE to UMTS
Gn/Gp
Hong Kong
GB(PCCW/Hutchison)
Huawei G/UNSN UHuawei LTE FDD/TDD
HuaweiCoverage-based
CSFB(EMSC) to G/U(blind redirection)
Reselection between LTE and UMTSRedirection from LTE to UMTS
Gn/Gp
Saudi STC Ericsson , Huawei, NSN G/U
HuaweiCoverage-based
CSFB Redirection Gn/Gp
China CMCCHuawei TDS
Gn/Gp
SA TelkomHuawei G/U
Huawei Gn/Gp
Sweden Net4M UMTS NSNCoverage- based
CSFB to UMTS(blind redirection)
Reselection between LTE and UMTSRedirection from LTE to UMTS
Gn/Gp
Interworking Cases(1)
Page56
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interworking Cases(2)Country /
regionOperator
GU Vendor
EPCInterworkin
g Voice PS
Network Structure
Canada Bell/TelusHuawei UTMS
CISCOCoverage- based
CSFB to UMTS(blind redirection)
Reselection between LTE and UMTSRedirection from LTE to UMTS
Gn/Gp
Singapore M1Huawei GU
Huawei
Coverage- basedLoad- based
CSFB
Reselection between LTE and UMTSPSHO from LTE to UMTS
Gn/Gp
Germany VDF D2 NSN UMTS NSN Coverage-
based
CSFB to GSM(blind redirection)
Reselection among LTE UMTS GSMRedirection from LTE to UMTS or GSM
Gn/Gp
Japan eAccess Huawei GU Ericsson
Coverage-basedLoad- based
CSFB to UMTS(blind redirection or PSHO)
Reselection among LTE UMTS GSMRedirection from LTE to UMTS or GSM
Gn/Gp
Page57
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interworking Cases(3)Country /
regionOperator
GU Vendor
EPCInterworki
ng Voice PS
Network Strucuture
Norway Telenor Huawei umts Cisco Coverage
-based
CSFB to UMTS(blind redirection)
Reselection between LTE and UMTSRedirection from LTE to UMTS
Gn/Gp
Norway Netcom Huawei GU Huawei Coverage
-based
CSFB to UMTS(blind redirection)
Reselection between LTE and UMTSRedirection from LTE to UMTS
Gn/Gp
Kuwait Zain Huawei Huawei Gn/Gp
UAE Etsalat Huawei huawei Coverage-based
Reselection between LTE and UMTSRedirection from LTE to UMTS
Gn/Gp
Saudi Zain Huawei Huawei Gn/Gp
UAE DU huawei Cisco Coverage-based
Reselection between LTE and UMTSRedirection from LTE to UMTS
Gn/Gp
Page58
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. GUL Interoperability Overview
2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
3. GUL Interoperability Solution
4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
Page59
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
KPI Related to Interoperability(1/2)
Counter ID Counter Name Counter Description
1526726989 L.IRATHO.E2W.PrepAttOutNumber of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to UTRAN
1526726990 L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecAttOutNumber of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to UTRAN
1526726991 L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecSuccOutNumber of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to UTRAN
1526726992 L.IRATHO.E2G.PrepAttOutNumber of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to GERAN
1526726993 L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecAttOutNumber of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to GERAN
1526726994 L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecSuccOutNumber of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to GERAN
Page60
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
KPI Related to Interoperability(2/2)
LTE->WCDMA %100Out2W.ExecAttL.IRATHO.E
cOut 2W.ExecSucL.IRATHO.E_2_ outSRWEIRATHO
LTE->GSM %100Out2G.ExecAttL.IRATHO.E
cOut2G.ExecSucL.IRATHO.E_2_ outSRGEIRATHO
Page61
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Traffic Statistics(1/2)Counter ID Counter Name Counter Description
1526728326 L.RRCRedirection.E2W Number of Redirction to WCDMA
1526728330 L.RRCRedirection.E2W.PrepAtt Number of attempt Redirction to WCDMA
1526728327 L.RRCRedirection.E2G Number of Redirction to GERAN
1526728331 L.RRCRedirection.E2G.PrepAtt Number of attempt Redirection to GERAN
Counter ID Counter Name Counter Description
1526728321 L.CSFB.PrepAtt Number of CS fallback indicators received by the eNodeB
1526728322 L.CSFB.PrepSucc Number of successful CS fallback responses from the eNodeB
1526728323 L.CSFB.E2W Number of CS fallback procedures to UTRAN
1526728324 L.CSFB.E2G Number of CS fallback procedures to GERAN
Redirection
CSFB
Page62
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Traffic Statistics(2/2) Reasons of handover failure:
Counter ID Counter Name Counter Description
1526728316 L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.MMENumber of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for MME reason
1526728317 L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailureNumber of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for prepare failure indication from WCDMA
1526728318 L.IRATHO.E2C.Prep.FailOut.NoReplyNumber of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for no reply with WCDMA
1526728306 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.MMENumber of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for MME reason
1526728307 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.NoReplyNumber of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for no reply with GERAN
1526728308 L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailureNumber of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for prepare failure indication from GERAN
Page63
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Drive Test Index
Via Assistant-based tool
Page64
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. GUL Interoperability Overview
2. GUL Interoperability Networking Strategy
3. GUL Interoperability Solution
4. GUL Interoperability Performance Estimation
5. GUL Interoperability Ecosystem Developing
Page65
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Huawei Leading CSFB Commercialization
Nov. 2010 Dec. 2010 Jan. 2011 Oct. 2012
Huawei made World’s 1st LTE to UMTS CSFB Call
Huawei made World’s 1st LTE to GSM CSFB Call
World’s 1st CSFB Call with Commercial Smartphone
World’s 1st LTE TDD CSFB with Commercial SmartPhone
Oct. 2012
11 Commercial CSFB Networks
See the red star
Page66
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Huawei LTE IOT Status (Main Terminals)
Module Vendor Chipset Type RAT
E398(1st LTE FDD/TDD USB Dongle)
Huawei Hisilicon Balong 700 USB Dongle LTE(FDD/TDD)
E392u(1st GUL(F/T) USB Dongle)
Huawei Qualcomm MDM 9200 USB Dongle GUL(FDD/TDD)
E589u(1st GUL(F/T) mobile wifi)
Huawei Qualcomm MDM 9200 USB Dongle GUL(FDD/TDD)
B593(1st GUL(F/T) CPE) Huawei Hisilicon Balong 700 CPE GUL(FDD/TDD)
B222s(1st outdoor CPE) Huawei Altair FG3100 CPE LTE(TDD)
9201L(1st GULSmartPhone)(Chipset F/T Ready)
Huawei Qualcomm MSM 8960 Smartphone GUL(FDD/TDD)
E5776 Huawei Hisilicon Balong 710 Mobile WiFi GUL(FDD/TDD)
E3276 Huawei Hisilicon Balong 710 USB Dongle GUL(FDD/TDD)
Page67
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Huawei LTE IOT Status (Main Chipsets)
Module Vendor 3GPP version Cat RAT
MDM 9200 Qualcomm R8 Cat 3 GUCL
MDM9600 Qualcomm R8 Cat 3 GUCL
MSM 8960 Qualcomm R9 Cat 3 GUTCL
MDM 9X15 Qualcomm R9 Cat 3 GUTCL
XMM7060 Intel R8 Cat 3 GUL
Balong 700 Hisilicon R8 Cat3 LTE
Balong 710 Hisilicon R9 Cat 4 GUL
FG3100 Altair R9 Cat 4 GUL
LC1760 LeadCore R8 Cat 3 TDS-CDMA, LTE TDD
SQN3010 Sequans R8 Cat 3 LTE
Page68
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mainstream Chipset Capabilities
3GPP R9 LTE TDD/FDD/TDS-CDMA/UMTS/GSMCSFB/SRVCC(2013Q1)Redirection, PSHOIRAT Measurement
3GPP R9 LTE TDD/FDD/HSPA+/GSMCSFB,Redirection, PSHO, IRAT Measurement
Balong 710Snapdragon MSM 8960
Page69
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Summary
Incentive of Interoperability
Structure Key Interface of Interoperability
Deployment Strategy of Interoperability
Networking Strategy of Interoperability
Procedure of Interoperability
Coverage-based/Load-based Solution of of
Interoperability
KPI Related of Interoperability
Cases of Interoperability
Page70
Copyright © 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
GU Matching Version List
Target
SystemCapacity of Target RAN
The Lowest
Version
The Version
Suggested
GSM
GSM->LTE Cell Reselection GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0
LTE->GSM PSHO GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0
LTE->GSM CCO/NACC GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0
LTE->GSM SRVCC GBSS12.0 GBSS14.0
UMTS
UMTS->LTE Cell Reselection RAN 12 RAN 14
LTE->UMTS PSHO RAN 13 RAN 14
LTE->UMTS SRVCC RAN 15Not published
yet
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