Nov-07Rev. 3

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Note: This guideline has been prepared with the best information available at the time of publication. Changes in

standards mentioned or technical changes may apply without further notice.

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1) General Information Inergen has been commercialized in Europe in 1991. Inergen has zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP=0). The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is not applicable since Inergen consists of naturally occuring gases only. Inergen is stored as a gas in steel cylinders with a storage pressure of 150 bar, 200 bar or 300 bar at 15C. The components of an Inergen system are designed to operate in the temperature range of -20C to +50C., or as otherwise stated in separate component listings. Handling and installation of Inergen equipment should only be carried out by persons experienced in dealing with this type of equipment. Note: This guideline has been prepared with the best information available at the time of publication.

Changes in standards mentioned or technical changes may apply without further notice.

2) Properties of Inergen Inergen is a mixture of three naturally occurring gases that do not support combustion. The three gases, Nitrogen, Argon and Carbon Dioxide are mixed in the following proportions: Nitrogen 52% Argon 40% Carbon Dioxide 8%

The Carbon Dioxide stimulates automatically the respiration in the human body for oxygen transport to the brain.

Inergen is a colorless and odorless gas mixture with a density similar to that of air (slightly heavier than air).

Inergen extinguishes fires by reducing the oxygen concentration below the combustion value of approx. 15%.

A typical Inergen system with 40% design concentration will reduce the oxygen concentration in the hazard to approx. 12.5%

Inergen is effective on class A, B and C fires

3) Approvals The Inergen systems from Tyco Safety Products (TSP) are available in two versions:

1. Tyco Safety Products, Cologne / Germany and Great Yarmouth / UK

The TSP system is based on components which are approved and listed by VdS.

The TSP system is available as 200 bar or 300 bar system.

2. Ansul, Marinette / USA.

The Ansul system is UL listed and FM approved.

The Ansul system is available as 150 bar or 200 bar system.

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4) Safety Table 1: Safety levels for Inergen

Inergen Oxygen Flooding Factor*** NOAEL* 43% 12% 0,56 m/m LOAEL** 52% 10% 0,74 m/m

* No Observable Adverse Effect Level ** Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level *** approximate value based on 20C. Table 2: Agent comparison

Used Conc.* NOAEL Safety Margin Inergen 34,2% - 39,9% 43% 7,8% - 26% Novec 1230 4,2% - 5,3% 10% 88% - 138% FM200 6,4% - 7,9% 9% 14% - 40%

* Surface class A fire

5) Environmental Comparison* Table 3: Environmental comparison

Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Atmospheric Lifetime (years)

Inergen 0 n.a. n.a. Novec 1230 0 1 0.014 FM200** 0 3500 33

* IPCC 2001 ** HFC-227ea

6) General System Design

Total Flooding is the only approved application method for Inergen systems!

Single hazard system Distribution valve system

In certain configurations the TSP systems require pilot cylinders for actuation. For details see system manuals.

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7) Hazard Analysis Note: A thorough hazard analysis is important for a qualified quotation. The following questions should be answered: PROJECT: (enter name if applicable; country must be indicated) Name Country SUPPRESSION SYSTEM: HPCO2 FM-200 Novec i2/i3 Inergen Other (specify) __________________________ Type

NFPA ISO VdS UL FM LPCB VdS Other (specify) _________ Design Standard Approval

DOT TPED None Other (specify) __________________________ Agent Tank Approval

Electric Manual Pneumatic System Release

Inside Hazard Outside Hazard: ________ [m] horizontal distance ________ [m] vertical distance Agent Tank Location HAZARD: No. Name Hazardous Material

[C] [C] [m] Minimum Temperature Maximum Temperature Altitude above/below sea level Hazard Dimensions:

[m] [m] [m] Length Width Floor Area (alternative)

[m] [m] [m] Height of Ceiling Void (if applicable) Height of Room (excl. ceiling/floor void) Height of Floor Void (if applicable) Impermeable Building Structures: [m] Only permanent impermeable building structures within the area may be deducted from the gross volume Note In the following cases please supply additional sketches/drawings with dimensions and any relevant details:

irregular room shapes ceiling obstructions such as beams greater than 305 mm (12 in.) height other unusual conditions.

Further Information / Comments:

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8) System Design The system design requires the following steps:

1. Check on design standard / hazardous material involved to determine the design concentration. 2. Determination of net* hazard volume.

*Only permanent impermeable building structures within the hazard may be deducted from the overall hazard volume. 3. Calculation of the extinguishing agent quantity 4. Determination of the number and size of agent cylinders. 5. Check the achieved agent concentration. 6. Determination of nozzle quantity. 7. Determination of pipe sizes and nozzle sizes.

Note: Pipes and fittings are generally not supplied by TSP.

8.1) Design Standards 8.1.1) ISO 14520 The minimum design concentration acc. to ISO 14520-1 shall be the extinguishing concentration increased by a safety factor of 30%. Table 4: Minimum design concentrations for Inergen acc. to ISO 14520-15 (2005/2006 edition)

Class A surface fires (solid and electrical) 39.9% Class A higher hazard fires * 39.9% Class B heptane 41.2%

* Acc. to ISO 14520-1, higher hazard class A conditions may include cable bundles greater than 100 mm in diameter, cable trays with a fill density greater than 20 percent of the tray cross-section; horizontal or vertical stacks of cable trays (closer than 250 mm); equipment energized during the extinguishment period where the collective power

consumption exceeds 5 kW. 8.1.2) NFPA 2001 The minimum design concentration for Class A surface fires shall be an extinguishing concentration determined by test, as part of a listing program, plus a 20% safety factor. Table 5: Minimum design concentrations for Ansul UL listed Inergen systems

Class A* surface fires (solid) 34.2% Class B* heptane 40.7% Class C* electric fires 34.2% *Fire classifications are according to US rules.

Note: The above design concentrations are not applicable (and are not to be used) for Marine applications !

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Table 6: Flooding factor table for Inergen: Table 7: Altitude correction factor:

The specific volume of a gas changes depending on the elevation below / above sea level due to the change in atmospheric pressure. At elevations above sea-level, Inergen has a greater specific volume because of the reduced atmospheric pressure. A system designed for sea-level conditions will therefore develop an actual higher concentration at levels above sea-level and an actual lower concentration at levels below sea-level.

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8.2) Calculation of the Inergen quantity Multiply the net hazard volume by the appropriate flooding factor and by the altitude correction factor.

Where W = Required agent quantity V = Net hazard volume [m]

CF = Flooding factor [m/m] (see Table 6) CAlt = Altitude correction factor (see Table 7)

Example: Design according to ISO 14520 Type of hazard: Computer room (class A surface fire) Gros volume: 10.0 m x 7.0 m x 2.5 m = 175 m Minimum hazard temperature: 15C Maximum hazard Temperature: 30C Altitude: 1200 m

Find the altitude next lower than the hazard altitude and determine the correction factor.

W = 175 m * 0.5179 m/m * 0.885 = 80.3 m Inergen Note: The above mentioned method of Inergen quantity calculation is not VdS compliant.

For VdS compliant calculations refer to VdS 2380.

AltF CCVW =

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8.3) Determination of the number and size of the agent cylinders Inergen cylinders are available in the following sizes / fills:

Table 8: TSP 200 bar system* Table 9: TSP 300 bar system*

Cylinder Size Inergen Fill Cylinder Size Inergen Fill 27 ltr 5.6 m 7.9 kg 80 ltr 23.6 m 33.5 kg 40 ltr 8.4 m 12.0 kg 67 ltr 14.1 m 20.1 kg 80 ltr 16.8 m 23.9 kg

*Cylinder approvals: 84/527/EEC / EN 1964-2 (TPED)

Table 10: Ansul 150 bar system** Table 11: Ansul 200 bar system**

Cylinder Size Inergen Fill Cylinder Size Inergen Fill 200 ft 205 ft 5.8 m 575 ft 572 ft 16.2 m 250 ft 266 ft 7.5 m 350 ft 355 ft 10.1 m

LC-350 ft 355 ft 10.1 m LC-425 ft 429 ft 12.1 m

435 ft 439 ft 12.4 m

**Cylinder approvals: DOT 3AA2300

Example: TSP 300 bar system

Inergen required (m) 80.3 m Number of cylinders = --------------------------------- = ------------------ = 3.4

Cylinder filling (m) 23.6 m

Note: Always round up to the next full number! 4 cylinders 80 ltr required.

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8.4) Check the achieved Inergen concentration Why to check?

the number of Inergen cylinders is always rounded up x more agent discharged than needed worst case at maximum expected hazard temperature x higher specific vapour volume of the agent

How to calculate?

Relate the resulting flooding factor to NOAEL and LOAEL. Inergen discharged Resulting flooding factor = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ altitude correction factor * flooding factor correction * hazard volume

0.7058 flooding factor correction = -------------------------- 0.658 + 0.0024 * t

t = maximum expected hazard temperature (C) Example: 4 cylinders * 23.6 m 94.4 m Resulting flooding factor = ------------------------------------------------ = ------------------- = 0.63 0.885 * 0.967 * 175 m 149.8 m

0.7058 flooding factor correction = ---------------------------- = 0.967 0.658 + 0.0024 * 30

Inergen Oxygen Flooding Factor NOAEL 43% 12% 0.56 m/m LOAEL 52% 10% 0.74 m/m At "worst case" conditions (max. expected hazard temperature) the Inergen concentration will be between NOAEL and LOAEL. ISO 14520-1 / 5.2.2 The maximum concentration shall not exceed the LOAEL unless a lock-off valve is fitted. It is recommended that systems where the NOAEL is expected to be exceeded be placed in non-automatic mode whilst the room is occupied.

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8.5) Determination of the minimum nozzle quantity Standard nozzle Available sizes (pipe thread connection - NPT or BSPT):

15 mm (") 25 mm (1") 40 mm (1")

Each nozzle size is available with two discharge patterns:

180 360

Nozzle material:

brass Maximum coverage Maximum throw 95 m if hazard height max. 3.7 m 360 nozzle 180 nozzle 70 m if hazard height max. 5.0 m

Maximum total volume per nozzle:

352 m Note: The above mentioned maximum coverage does not apply for VdS compliant systems. VdS generally limits the nozzle coverage to 30 m. Example: Hazard = 10.0 m x 7.0 m x 2.5 m

1) Check hazard hight to find the max. coverage allowed per nozzle

Hazard hight of 2.5 m x max. coverage = 95 m per nozzle 2) Check hazard floor area to determine the minimum number of nozzles required

Hazard floor area = 70 m x minimum number of nozzles = 1 (360 or 180)

nozzle orifice

max. 5.5 m max. 7.7 m

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3) Check maximum nozzle throw against hazard dimensions

1 nozzle 360 not acceptable 1 nozzle 180 not acceptable

2 nozzles 360 are acceptable Final result for the example: 2 nozzles 360 are needed as a minimum. Note: Specific hazard conditions may require more nozzles than the minimum quantity determined by

the nozzle limits. This can be due to obstructions, room shape or other conditions.

NO NO

YES

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Flow Ratemm inch m/min10 3/8" 10.015 1/2" 14.020 3/4" 24.525 1" 45.532 1 1/4" 87.540 1 1/2" 11950 2" 21665 2 1/2" 39880 3" 698

Pipe SizePipe Size Estimation Table

8.6) Determination of pipe sizes and nozzle sizes General: ISO and NFPA require that 95% of the minimum design concentration shall be achieved

within 1 minute. For pipe size estimation use 95% of the calculated agent quantity. This is accurate enough. Use table 12 to determine the pipe size according to the agent flow. Table 12: Note: Table 12 is for estimation purpose only. The final pipe size will

be determined by the hydraulic flow calculation software. Example: Calculated Inergen quantity = 80.3 m 80.3 m : 2 nozzles = 40.2 m/min per nozzle x nozzle size = 25 mm (1")

40.2 m/min x 25 mm

80.3 m/min x 32 mm

40.2 m/min x 25 mm

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9) Pressure Venting The designer of a fire suppression system should be aware that the discharge of any gaseous extinguishing agent into an enclosure will raise the pressure within that enclosure, which could affect the structural integrity of the enclosure. The protected enclosure will require a pressure relief device. To estimate the free venting area, use the following formular: Note: The above calculation is for estimation only. The final free venting area will be calculated by the

hydraulic flow calculation software. Example: 4 Inergen cylinders to be discharged. Maximum overpressure allowed = 300 Pa.

0.28 m free venting area is required.

A required free venting area (m) Q Inergen quantity (m) p max. allowable pressure increase (Pa)** vHOM specific volume of the homogeneous air / Inergen mixture*** HOM

Agent

vp045.0QA

= *

* As the initial flow of Inergen is greater at the start of the discharge than at the end, it is necessary to base the agent flow on the peak flow rate. The figure used is 4.5% of the agent quantity, but the actual figure used must be taken from the flow calculations.

** A value between 100 and 300 Pascals should be used if there is no other value offered by the client or clients representative.

*** 0.77 is a good average value for 40% concentration.

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