Guideline for Preparation of Final Year Project Report (Ver 2.1) - For Print

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii

LIST OF TABLES iv

LIST OF FIGURES v

LIST OF APPENDICES vi

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Draft Copy 1

1.3 Final Draft Copy 2

1.4 Final Report 2

1.5 Expenditure 2

1.6 Plagiarism 2

2 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT 4

2.1 Organization of the Report 4

2.2 Supervisor‟s Endorsement 5

2.3 Title Page 5

2.4 Declaration Page 6

2.5 Dedication Page 6

2.6 Acknowledgement 6

2.7 Abstract 6

2.8 Table of Contents 7

2.9 List of Tables 7

2.10 List of Figures 8

2.11 List of Symbols/Abbreviations/Notation/ Terminology 8

2.12 List of Appendices 8

2.13 Main Text 8

2.13.1 Mathematical Equation 10

2.13.2 Table in Text 10

iii

2.13.3 Figure in Text 11

2.14 References 11

2.15 Appendices 13

3 FORMAT OF REPORT 14

3.1 Language 16

3.2 Paper and Size 16

3.3 Margin 16

3.4 Pagination 17

3.5 Numbering of Chapter and Sub-Chapter 17

3.6 Typing 17

3.7 Spacing 18

3.8 Printing and Binding 18

4 LITERATURE CITATION 19

4.1 Introduction 19

4.2 Oxford System of Referencing 19

4.3 Different Language of Report and Quotation 19

4.4 Reference List 19

REFERENCES 20

APPENDICES 23

iv

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

2.1 Arrangement of parts in a report 4

2.2 Comparison of experimental and computer simulation results 10

v

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

2.1 Number of Population in Jasin by Races 11

vi

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

A Front Cover of Report 22

B Back Cover of Report 23

C Sample of Supervisor Endorsement 24

D Format of Report Title Page 25

E Sample of Declaration 26

F Sample of Dedication 27

G Sample of Acknowledgement 28

H Sample of Abstract in English 29

I Sample of Abstract in Bahasa Melayu 30

J Sample of Table of Content 31

K Sample of List of Tables 33

L Sample of List of Figures 34

M Sample of List of Symbols 35

N Sample of List of Appendices 36

O Sample of Format of Report 37

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

It is a graduation pre-requisite for final year students in Faculty of Electrical

Engineering (FKE), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) to submit their final

year project report. This guide is an adaptation of the Centre for Graduate Studies of

UTeM guidelines for thesis preparation 2008. It is compiled to help final year students in

the preparation of their Final Year Project report. It deals only with the submission and

physical format of the report. It is the responsibility of each student to ensure that his or

her report conforms to the Guidelines. The supervisors can advise students in the

preparation of the report. Further information or clarification on the Guidelines is

available at the FKE.

The following order of report sections is intended to serve as a guide. Not all

reports will follow this format. Many of these sections are self-explanatory. Finally FKE

wishes the best of luck to all students during the preparation of the report. May all final

year project reports will be of good quality and standard.

1.2 Draft Copy

Students should submit a draft copy to supervisor for proof reading before they

submit their final draft report. This is to ensure that the proper format has been followed

before the copies are sent for examination.

2

1.3 Final Draft Copy

Two (2) copies of the final draft report must be submitted to supervisor and panel

for examination and evaluation.

1.4 Final Report

After following examination and having done all the corrections/amendments as

recommended by the examiners, the student must submit two (2) copies of the approved

work to the Faculty with FKE front (APPENDIX A) and back cover (APPENDIX B)

press-bind. The report submitted must not more than 100 pages for the text part only;

excluding appendices and Roman numeric pages. The student is also required to submit

two copies(in CD form) of his/her work in PDF format.

1.5 Expenditure

All expenses associated with the final report such as typing, printing, photocopying

and binding will be fully borne by the student.

1.6 Plagiarism

Plagiarism is passing off the work of others as your own. This constitutes

academic theft and is a serious matter which is penalized in overall marking. Plagiarism

simply means submission of an item of assessment containing elements of work produced

by another person(s) in such a way that it could be assumed to be the student‟s own work.

Examples of plagiarism are [1]:

a) the verbatim copying of another person‟s work without acknowledgement the

close paraphrasing of another person‟s work by simply changing a few words

or altering the order of presentation without acknowledgement.

3

b) The unacknowledged quotation of phrases from another person‟s work and/or

the presentation of another person‟s idea(s) as one‟s own.

c) Copying or closing paraphrasing with occasional acknowledgement of the

source may also be deemed to be plagiarism if the absence of quotation marks

implies that the phraseology is the student‟s own.

d) Works that may belong to another student or be from a published source such

as a book, report, journal or material available on the internet.

4

CHAPTER 2

ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT

2.1 Organization of the Report

The Final Year Project report should consist of certain parts [2-5]. These are

arranged as in Table 2.1:

Table 2.1: Arrangement of parts in a report

Section

SUBJECT STATUS

EXAMPLE

(APPENDIX) NOTES

2.2 Supervisor‟s

Endorsement Compulsory C

Without page

number but

counted as (i)

2.3 Title Page Compulsory D

Without page

number but

counted as (ii)

2.4 Declaration Page Compulsory E

Page number using

Roman numeric

(iii)

2.5 Dedication page Optional F

Page number using

Roman numeric (if

any)

2.6 Acknowledgement Optional G

Page number using

Roman numeric (if

any)

2.7 Abstract (English)

Compulsory H,I Page number using

Roman numeric Abstrak (Bahasa Melayu)

2.8 Table of Contents Compulsory J Page number using

Roman numeric

2.9 List of Tables Compulsory K Page number using

Roman numeric

2.10 List of Figures Compulsory L

Page number using

Roman numeric

5

Section

SUBJECT STATUS

EXAMPLE

(APPENDIX) NOTES

2.11

List of

Symbols/Abbreviations/

Notation/ Terminology

Compulsory

(if any) M

Page number using

Roman numeric

2.12 List of Appendices Compulsory

(if any) N

Page number using

Roman numeric

2.13 Text Compulsory O

Page number using

Arabic numeric

starting with page

1

2.14 References Compulsory -

Page number using

Arabic numeric,

continue from the

text

2.15 Appendices Optional -

Page number using

Arabic numeric,

continue from the

References.

2.2 Supervisor’s Endorsement

Final year project report that is submitted for examination must be endorsed and

signed by respective project supervisor. The format of the supervisor endorsement page is

shown in Appendix C.

2.3 Title Page

The title of report should be as concise as possible, giving an accurate description

of the work. Title page must contain information listed in the following order:

Title of the thesis (must be written properly without short form)

Student‟s full name as in identity card

Statement of award for the project

Name of Faculty

Name of the University

Month and Year of submission

6

The statement of award for the project should state the purpose and the award for

which the project is submitted. It can be stated as followed:

This Report is Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor

in Electrical Engineering (Industrial Power)

The format of the title page is shown in Appendix D.

2.4 Declaration Page

This page should contain declaration by the student on originality of the report.

The declaration should be signed by the student. An example is provided in Appendix E.

2.5 Dedication Page

The dedication must be brief, not more than one paragraph and must not contain

any number, chart or photograph. Refer to the example in Appendix F.

2.6 Acknowledgement

Most report will include a brief statement of thanks and appreciations in

recognition of special assistance (including financial) and guidance given by individuals,

institutions or government bodies in successfully producing the project. This should be

written in one page. Refer Appendix G for the example.

2.7 Abstract

Abstracts in both Bahasa Melayu and English are mandatory. An abstract is

different from synopsis or summary of a report. It should briefly outline the research

problem addressed by the project, methodology, findings and significance of the work in

7

the context of the field of study. The abstract should not exceed one (1) page and less than

300 words. It must be written in English and followed by the translation in Bahasa

Melayu. Example can be seen in Appendix H (English) and Appendix I (Bahasa Melayu).

2.8 Table of Contents

The titles of sections, chapters and their principal subdivisions along with the page

numbers on which they appear should be listed in the Table of Contents. Titles should be

worded exactly as they appear in the text of the report. Report with many subsections

should use a hierarchical numbering system for headings and sub-headings (i.e., 2.1, 2.2,

2.3, etc). All chapters and their sub-sections must be labeled and numbered. The chapters

are numbered using Arabic numeral, i.e. Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3 and so on. The

number of chapters is not rigid but it must consist of following items:

Introduction

Literature Review

Methodology

Result and Discussion

Conclusion

Please refer Appendix J for the example.

2.9 List of Tables

This list consists of the exact titles (including numbering) of all tables that appear

in the report. All tables should be numbered consecutively throughout the text. See

example in Appendix K.

8

2.10 List of Figures

All figures must be numbered consecutively throughout the text. See Appendix L for

an example.

2.11 List of Symbols/Abbreviations/Notation/ Terminology

This list is optional, depending on the subject matter or technicality of the report.

All scientific symbols and nomenclature should follow the standard SI- system. See

example in Appendix M.

2.12 List of Appendices

Appendices are not a compulsory in a report but if any, it must be listed in the List

of Appendices. Refer Appendix N for an example.

2.13 Main Text

The main body of the report is usually arranged into consecutively numbered

chapters or sections. The internal organization of the report is the responsibility of the

student in consultation with his/her project supervisor(s) in accordance to the format given

in section Table of Content. The organization will partly depend on the field of study.

Each chapter must be started at new page. Text is written by paragraph. Avoid writing too

long paragraph. As a whole, the font of the main text should be the Times New Roman,

font size12 with 1.5-spacing. The report will often include the following chapters:

Chapter 1 Introduction

The first chapter should include problem statement/hypothesis, project objectives

and scope/limitation of the project.

9

Chapter 2 Literature Review

This chapter should highlight past studies related to the subject of the

project/literature survey. Background theory might also be included in this chapter.

Chapter 3 Methodology

All relevant experimental and descriptive techniques used in the project should be

outlined, such that the study could be repeated by another researcher. It is

recommended to use flow chart with clear explanation to present the project

methodology. The sentences should be in past tense and passive voice. Reference

methods to other researchers should be made where appropriate.

Chapter 4 Results

Visually and textually represent project findings. Visual representation of results:

graphs, tables, diagrams and charts. This may be presented as a single chapter,

divided separately into appropriate section or in two or more chapters to include the

analysis and presentation of data. The results should be interpreted.

Chapter 5 Analysis and Discussion of Results

This provides analysis and discussion on the results of the project, stressing the

significance and implications of the findings of the project undertaken.

Contributions of project findings to the field of study should be highlighted.

Chapter 6 Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter contains a brief summary of the entire work, including methods,

results and major conclusions /recommendations arising from the work. This

chapter can be written in a single section or in separately numbered sections.

Weaknesses, shortcomings and strengths of the project are presented.

Recommendations for future work may also be included together with contributions

of project. Any potential of or practical application must also be included.

For more detail description, please refer “Guidelines for the Implementation of

Final Year Project”. It is acceptable for individual chapter to be self-contained, including

their own introduction, methods, results and discussions, as is often the case where

individual chapter being submitted for publication. However, in such report a broader

10

introduction to the whole project should be included to tie the chapters or sections together

and to provide the framework for the whole project.

2.13.1 Mathematical Equation

Mathematical equation or any equations must be written in a single line and right-

justify. It also needs to be numbered consecutively as follows;

Output voltage, 1

f

o i

i

RV V

R (2.1)

Therefore

Gain, ov

i

VA

V (2.2)

2.13.2 Table in Text

Tables that situated in text must be numbered. The caption for tables is placed

above the table itself. The table must be mentioned or referred in text before the table

appears. The table number assigned must refer to the chapter number. Example:

Table 2.2: Comparison of experimental and computer simulation results

Distance Ratio Experiment

(Mean value)

Computer Simulation

(Mean Value)

0.125 0.25 0.137

0.250 0.46 0.560

0.375 0.63 0.738

0.500 0.75 0.861

0.625 0.83 0.939

0.750 0.88 0.981

0.875 0.93 0.997

1.000 1.00 1.000

11

2.13.3 Figure in Text

Figures may be a diagram, map, chart, graph and others. Each figure must be clear

and high quality. The caption for figure is placed below the figure itself. In contrast, the

figure must be mentioned in text before the figure appears. Use “Figure 1.1,” not “Fig.

1.1,” in the text, as well as for captions. For example, Figure 2.1 shows the population in

Jasin by races.

500, 86%

50, 9%

20, 3%

10, 2%

malay

chinese

indian

others

Figure 2.1: Population in Jasin by races

2.14 References

References are sources that may referred by writer during final year project. They

may be from work presented in journal or newspaper articles, government reports, books

or specific chapters of books, research dissertations or theses and material from the Internet

etc. Thus the references must be listed in References page. The following bibliographic

style must be followed [6]:

Reference from journals:-

Format:

Initials, Author, Title of article. Full Title of Journal, Volume number

(Issue/Part number), Page numbers, Year.

12

Example:

T.M. & Lee, Kalotas, A.R. A Simple Device To Illustrate Angular

Momentum Conservation And Instability. American Journal of Physics, Vol.

58, pp.80 - 81, 1990.

Reference from books:-

Format:

Initials, Author, Title of book. Edition. Place: Publisher, Year

Example:

E.E., Conn, P.K., Stumpf, G. & Doi, R.H., Bruenmig, Outlines of

Biochemistry, 5th ed.. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987.

Reference from edited books:-

Format:

Initials, Author, Title of book. Edition. (only include this if not the first

edition) Place: Publisher, Year

Example:

A.D, Horking, Moulds And Yeasts Associated With Foods of Reduced

Water Activity: Ecological Interactions. In Food Preservation by Moisture

Control (Seow, C.C., 2nd

ed.), pp. 57-72. London, Elsevier Applied Science

Publication, 1988.

Reference from conference proceedings:-

Format:

Initials, Author, Title of article. Full Title Proceeding,(Author, Initials), Page

numbers, Year

13

Example:

M.D., Hassan & H., Norshimah, Designing of Primers for Cloning of Papaya

Ringspot Virus Coat Protein Gene. Proceedings of the 8th National

Biotechnology Seminar (Hasanah, M.G.: Khatijah, M.Y. & Marziah, M.), pp.

172-174, 1996.

Reference from papers presented at conferences, but unpublished:-

Format:

Initials, Author, Title of article. Full Title Proceeding,(Author, Initials), Year

Example:

H. A. Nimr, "Defuzzification of the outputs of fuzzy controllers," presented at

5th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Cairo, Egypt, 1996.

Anonymous (authorless) reference:-

Example:

Anonymous External Trade in Sago Flour And Sago Starch, 1985-1995.

Agricultural Statistics, Sarawak. Planning Division, Department of

Agriculture, Sarawak, Malaysia. 1996.

Reference from Publications of international bodies/agencies:-

Example:

WHO Environmental Health Criteria 39: Paraquat and Diquat. World Health

Organization, Geneva, 1984.

14

Reference from Websites:-

Format:

Initials, Author, Title of article. Full Title of Journal, [type of medium]

Volume number (Issue/Part number), Page numbers if available. Available at:

include web site address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and additional

details of access, such as the routing from the home page of the source. N.B.

the URL should be underlined [Accessed date]

Example:

J.M., Boughton, The Bretton Woods Proposal: An Indepth Look.Political

Science Quarterly, [online]. 42 (6), Available at:

http://www.pol.upenn/articles (Blackwell Science Synergy) [accessed 12 June

2005]

Reports (technical reports, internal reports, memoranda)

Example:

K. E. Elliott and C. M. Greene, A local adaptive protocol, Argonne National

Laboratory, Argonne, France, Tech. Rep. 916-1010-BB, 1997.

Thesis or dissertation

Example:

H. Zhang, Delay-insensitive networks, M.S. thesis, University of Waterloo,

Waterloo, ON, Canada, 1997.

Manual

Example:

Bell Telephone Laboratories Technical Staff, Transmission System for

Communications, Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1995.

15

Class notes

Example:

Signal integrity and interconnects for high-speed applications, class notes

for ECE 497-JS, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Winter 1997.

Patents

Example:

K. Kimura and A. Lipeles, "Fuzzy Controller Component," U. S. Patent

14,860,040, December 14, 1996

2.15 Appendices

This section contains list of supplementary illustrative material, original data or

computer programming. Sometimes quotations are too long for inclusion in text and not

immediately essential to an understanding of the subject so they should be put in

Appendices.

16

CHAPTER 3

FORMAT OF REPORT

3.1 Language

The language of the report should be as direct and simple, as the subject matter will

allow. Several standard guides to the acceptable grammars are as listed below:

W.G., Campbell, Form and Style: Thesis, Reports, Term Papers. Boston:

Houghton Mifflin, 1986

M.M., Reynolds, Guide to Thesis and Dissertations: An International

Bibliography of Bibliographies. Phoenix, Ariz.: Onyx Press, 1985.

K.L., Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Thesis, and

Dissertations. London: Longman, 1982.

Zainal Abidin Bakar, Teknik Menulis Tesis. Kuala Lumpur: Eastview

Production, 1983

Slade, C. , Form and Style: Research Papers, Reports, Theses. 12th

ed., Boston:

Houghton Mifflin, 2003

3.2 Paper and Size

White, good-quality (not lighter than 80 grams) paper of A4 size (210 x 297 mm)

should be used for all submitted copies of the report.

3.3 Margin

The top and bottom margins of all pages should be at least 2.5 cm wide. The right

page margin should be 2.5 cm wide and left page margin should be 3 cm wide for binding

purposes as shown in Appendices.

17

3.4 Pagination

Pages should be numbered consecutively throughout the report, including pages of

figures, tables and appendices. Page numbers should be righted at the top of the page that

is 1.25 cm from the top and 2.5 cm from the right. Pagination must follow these

arrangements:

a) The title page should not be numbered but accounted as i.

b) Preliminary pages (i.e. those preceding Chapter 1 must carry page numbers in

small roman numerals (ii, iii, etc.).

c) Pagination begins with the first page of Chapter 1 (i.e., Introduction) using

Arabic numeral (1, 2, 3, etc.) but the numbers should not be printed. Similarly,

the first page of all chapters should be counted but the numbers should not be

printed.

d) The pages of the appendices should also be typed according to the above

pagination system.

3.5 Numbering of Chapter and Sub-Chapter

All chapters and their sub-sections must be labeled and numbered. The chapters are

numbered using Arabic numeral, i.e. Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3 and so on. The sub-

sections should not be indented but arranged in a structured manner not more than four

levels as follows:

CHAPTER 2 First level (Title of Chapter)

2.1 Second level (Title of the sub-title)

2.1.1 Third level (Title of the sub-sub-title)

2.1.1.1 Fourth level (Title of the sub-sub-sub-title)

3.6 Typing

A report should be typed using MS Word or text processor with font type of Times

New Roman and size 12. The spacing is 1.5-line spacing and the alignment is justified.

The report should use one sided of page only. The title of each chapter should be typed

using capital letters and centered. Chapters and their sub-sections must be given titles. The

18

titles should be typed using bold letters and should not be underlined. The first letter of

each word for sub-title must be capital letter.

3.7 Spacing

Student must follow these rules for spacing:

a) Spacing between top margin and number of chapter is 2x1.5-line spacing.

b) Spacing between number of chapter and title of chapter is 2x1.5-line spacing.

c) Spacing between title of chapter and the first line in text is 2 x1.5-line spacing.

d) Spacing between sub-title and the last line in text before the sub-title is 2x1.5-

line spacing.

e) Spacing between sub-title and the following first line in text is 1x1.5-line

spacing.

f) Spacing between paragraphs is 1.5-line spacing.

g) Start the sub-title at the right margin.

h) Do not start the first line of a paragraph at the bottom of the page.

i) Spacing between the last line with the figure and table is 1x1.5-line spacing.

3.8 Printing and Binding

The report submitted for examination or binding must be printed using a laser

printer or similar quality machines. The report must be bind using press-binding.

19

CHAPTER 4

LITERATURE CITATION

4.1 Introduction

During writing a report, it is usual to support arguments by reference to other

published work. Citation is the practice of referring to the work of other authors in the

text. Such works are cited to show evidence both of the background reading that has been

done and to support the content and conclusions. Each citation requires a reference at the

end of the work; this gives the full details of the source item and should enable it to be

traced. Referring accurately to such source materials is part of sound academic practice

and a skill that should be mastered.

4.2 Oxford System of Referencing

UTeM follows the Oxford System for literature citation and referencing.

References in the text must match the reference list both in number and style. All sources

must be mentioned in the text. References must be numbered in the order in which they

appear in the text. Once the source is labelled, the same number is used in all subsequent

references. Each reference number should be enclosed by square brackets on the text line,

with a space before the bracket and before the punctuation [6]. For example,

It has been argued that „ the relative seriousness of the two kinds of errors differs from

situation to situation ‟ [1].

20

It is not necessary to mention the author(s) of the reference unless it is relevant to

the text. The date of the reference should not be mentioned too in the text. It is not

necessary to say "in reference [27]. . . ." "In [27] . . ." is sufficient. However, the reference

can be cited as follows:

As Smithsky [3] points out,..

To cite more than one source at a time:

[1, 5, 7]

[1-5]

Unless when referring to a complete book or article, it is also need to identify the page

number(s) of the source of information. Indicate exact page numbers of a source within the

brackets after a comma [4, pp. 3-6], or by a simple rhetorical device in the text such as,

However, on page 79 of [5] the author seems to contradict himself when he

states…

To cite a reference with more than three authors;

Boyd et al. [4] have indicated…

4.3 Different Language of Report and Quotation

21

Quotation in text must be written in a single paragraph. If the language used by the

quotation is different from the language used in the report, the word must be italic. For

example;

Recurrent neural network is proven to be a good method in short term load forecasting as

stated in [2];

Struktur pemodelan yang digunakan dalam tugas akhir ini adalah recurrent neural

network. Hal ini dikarenakan dengan menggunakan metode recurrent neural network,

jumlah iterasi atau epoch yang diperlukan , dan kecepatan konvergensi untuk mencapai

nilai error yang diinginkan dalam proses forecasting dapat jauh lebih sedikit daripada

metode lain ataupun metode neural network yang lain, meskipun pada saat awal

menggunakan variable weight dan bias yang random.

4.4 Reference List

References must be listed in the order they were cited. The references must not be

in alphabetical order. The bracketed number should be underlined. Only one reference per

bracketed number should be listed.

22

REFERENCES

[1] A Guide To The Preparation, Submission and Examination of Theses,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2004.

[2] Gaya Penulisan Tesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2005.

[3] Guide To Thesis Preparation, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2007.

[4] Panduan Menulis Tesis dan Salinan E-Thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

Sekolah Pengajian Siswazah, 2007.

[5] , Panduan Penyediaan Laporan Projek

Tahun Akhir, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1998.

[6] Sample References, IEEE Format, EE155 Course Notes Fall (Electrical Engineering

Seminar) and EE333T Course Notes (Technical Communications), 1998.

23

APPENDIX A

Front Cover of Final Report

(Title also must leave 2.5cm margin on either side)

DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC POWER

FACTOR CORRRECTOR (Font size 12, Uppercase;bold)

Abdul bin Mohamad (Font 12 lower case, bold)

Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering

May 2009 (Font 12 lower case, bold)

24

APPENDIX B

Back Cover of Final Report

25

2.5 cm

APPENDIX C

Sample of Supervisor Endorsement

“ I hereby declare that I have read through this report entitle “title of the project” and

found that it has comply the partial fulfillment for awarding the degree of Bachelor of

Electrical Engineering (Industrial Power)”

Signature : .......................................................

Supervisor‟s Name : .......................................................

Date : ......................................................

2.5 cm

3 cm

2.5 cm

26

2.5 cm

APPENDIX D

Format of Report Title Page

TITLE OF PROJECT

(Font size 12,Bold,Uppercase)

NAME OF STUDENT

(Front size 12, Bold, Uppercase)

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

of_______________________

(Font size 12,Bold)

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

(Front size 12,Bold)

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

(Font size 12, Bold, Uppercase)

YEAR

(Font size 12, Bold, Uppercase)

2.5 cm

2.5 cm

3 cm

2.5 cm

X cm

X cm

Y cm

Y cm

2.5 cm

27

2.5 cm

APPENDIX E

Sample of Student Declaration

I declare that this report entitle “title of the project” is the result of my own research except

as cited in the references. The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not

concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree.

Signature : ...........................................................

Name : ...........................................................

Date : ..........................................................

2.5 cm

3 cm

2.5 cm

28

2.5 cm

APPENDIX F

Sample of Dedication

To my beloved mother and father

2.5 cm

3 cm

2.5 cm

29

2.5 cm

APPENDIX G

Sample of Acknowledgement

2 x 1.5-line spacing

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


1.27cm

In preparing this report, I was in contact with many people, researchers,

academicians and practitioners. They have contributed towards my understanding and

thought. In particular, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my main project

supervisor, Professor Dr. Mohd SharifNabi Baksh, for encouragement, guidance critics and

friendship. I am also very thankful to my co-supervisors Professor Dr. Awaluddin Mohd

Shaharoun and Associate Professor Dr. Hishamuddin Jamaluddin for their guidance,

advices and motivation. Without their continued support and interest, this project would

not have been same as presented here.

Ph.D study, Librarians at Cardiff University of Wales and the National. I am also

indebted to University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for funding, my University of

Singapore also deserve special thanks for their assistance in supplying the relevant

literatures.

My fellow postgraduate students should also be recognised for their support. My

sincere appreciation also extends to all my colleagues and others who have provided

assistance at various occasions. Their views and tips are useful indeed. Unfortunately, it is

not possible to list all of them in this limited space. I am grateful to all my family

members.

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APPENDIX H

Sample of Abstract in English


ABSTRACT


Process variation is unavoidable and affects quality in manufacturing, and addressing it has

become more challenging due to more stringent demands on manufacturing processes. It is

becoming necessary to very rapidly identify sources of unnatural variation for diagnostic

and intervention purposes. As such, it is crucial that process variability patterns be

recognised in a timely manner, as waiting for process deterioration to develop fully could

be too late for preventive purposes or my even catastrophic. The purpose of this study was

develop a scheme for enabling on-line recognition of such patterns on Shewhart charts

even as they are developing. Extensive simulations were performed and a scheme that can

address the requirements is proposed. Evaluation was based on recognition accuracy,

average run length, type I error, type II error, and a new measure, average recognition

attempts. It was found that a scheme developed using a minimal set of statistical features

for input representation, compact structure of artificial neural network pattern recognisers,

synergy of specialised and generalised recognisers, and joint monitoring by runs rules and

CUSUM resulted in the best scheme among the alternative designs developed. This

scheme showed significant improvement in overall performance and, among others, timely

and accurate on-line recognition, ignoring unnecessary recognition of stable processes and

capability to recover from false alarms. The findings suggest that the recognition of

developing control chart patterns should be addressed from an interlinking monitoring and

recognition perspective and by implementing a “recognise only when necessary”

philosophy. The framework used to develop the scheme is general enough for further

investigation by either evaluating other designs of its components or by extending its

application to other problems.

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APPENDIX I

Sample of Abstract in Bahasa Melayu


ABSTRAK


Variasi proses sentiasa wujud dalam operasi pembuatan, dan menanganinya menjadi

semakin mencabar akibat keperluan proses pembuatan yang semakin rumit. Adalah

penting untuk mengenalpasti secepat mungkin sumber variasi yang tidak tabii untuk tujuan

diagnosis dan pembaikan. Oleh itu, corak variasi proses perlu di kenalpasti tepat pada

masanya. Menunggu kematangan corak variasi akan melewatkan tindakan pencegahan dan

ianya berpotensi mengakibatkan bencana. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk

membangunkan skema yang berupaya menangani keperluan telah dicadangkan.

Keberkesanan skema telah dinilai berdasarkan kepada ketepatan mengecam, berdasarkan

masa-nyata, corak variasi proses di atas carta kawalan Shewhart walaupun corak tersebut

sedang membentuk. Kajian simulasi yang meluas telah dilakukan dan satu skema yang

berupaya menangani keperluan telah dicadangkan. Keberkesanan skema telah dinilai

berdasarkan kepada ketepatan pengecaman, purata panjang larian, ralat jenis I, ralat jenis

II, dan purata percubaan mengecam. Skema yang dibangunkan dengan menggunakan set

sifat statistical minimum bagi perwakilan masukan, struktur pengecam corak rangkaian

neural tiruan yang padat, sinergi di antara pengecam khusus dan umum, dan pemantauan

bersama oleh runs rules dan CUSUM telah menghasilkan skema yang terbaik di antara

reka bentuk alternatif yang dikaji. Penemuan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa masalah

pengecaman corak variasi yang sedang berkembang sepatutnya ditangani dari perspektif

pemantauan dan pengecaman yang bersepadu, dan melaksanakan falsafah “mengecam

hanya bila perlu”. Rangka skema di atas adalah bersifat umum dan boleh digunakan untuk

kajian lanjut samada bagi menguji berbagai jenis rekabentuk komponennya atau meluaskan

penggunaannya kepada masalah lain.

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APPENDIX J

Sample of Table of Contents


TABLE OF CONTENTS


CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

ABSTRACT iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES x

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi

LIST OF APPENDICES xii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6

2.1 Sub-heading 1 6

2.1.1 Sub-subheading 1 6


2.2 Sub-heading 2 12





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CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

3 METHODOLOGY 38

3.1 Sub-heading 1 (e.g Materials) 38

3.2 Sub-heading 2 (Method 1) 42



3.4.1 Sub-heading 1 48



4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 66








5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 90

REFERENCES 95

APPENDICES 96

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APPENDIX K

Sample of List of Tables


LIST OF TABLES


TABLE TITLE PAGE

2.1 The role of statistical quality engineering tools and methodologies 16

2.2 Basic ANN models used for control chart pattern recognition 47

2.3 General design strategies/structures for CCPR 49

3.1 The overall research plan 70

3.2 Parameters for simulating individual process variation data 75

3.3 Description of performance measures 92

4.1 Targeted recogniser outputs 103

4.2 Design matrix and results for the preliminary feature screening 108

4.3 Regression analysis for the results of preliminary feature screening 111

4.4 ANOVA for the results of preliminary feature screening 111

4.5 Tentative significant main effects and two-factor interactions 113

4.6 Estimated effects and regression coefficients for the recogniser‟s

performance (reduced model) 116

4.7 ANOVA for the recogniser‟s performance (reduced model) 117

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APPENDIX L

Sample of List of Figures


LIST OF FIGURES


FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1.1 Trends leading to the problem 2

1.2 Design and development phases of the proposed scheme 7

1.3 Summary of the research contributions 10

1.4 Organisation of the report 11

2.1 Chance and assignable causes of process variation

(Montgomery, 1996a) 14

2.2 Classification of statistical quality engineering tools 15

2.3 Continuous variability reduction using SPC chart (Revelle and

Harrington, 1992) 19

2.4 Classification of research areas in SPC 20

2.5 Advances in process variation monitoring and recognition using

SPC charting 25

2.6 Nelson‟s runs rules (Nelson, 1984) 26

2.7 Typical fully developed patterns on Shewhart control chart

(Cheng, 1989) 28

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APPENDIX M

Sample of List of Symbols


LIST OF SYMBOLS


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D, d - Diameter

F - Force

g - Gravity = 9.81 m/s

I - Moment of inersia

1 - Length

m - Mass

N - Rotaional velocity

P - Pressure

Q - Volumetric flow-rate

r - Radius

T - Torque

Re - Reynold number

V - Velocity

w - Angular velocity

x - Displacement

z - Height

q - Angle

r - Density

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APPENDIX N

Sample of List of Appendices


LIST OF APPENDICES


APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

A Examples of possible assignable causes of unnatural control

B Models for generating the control chart patterns (data streams) 103

C1 Mathematical expressions for the statistical features 105

C2 Minimum and maximum feature values 106

C3 Analysis of results for experiments to revise the parameter setting 107

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APPENDIX O

Sample of Format of Report


CHAPTER 3


FORMAT OF REPORT


1.27 cm

Text should be started from here and with 1.5-line spacing. The font for number

and title of chapter is Times New Roman and the font size is 12.


3.1 Language


The report must be written in English. The language of the report should be as

direct and simple, as the subject matter will allow.

3.2 Paper and Size

White, good quality (not lighter than 80 grams) paper of A4 size (210 x 297 mm)

should be used for all submitted copies of the report.

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Guideline for Preparation of Final Year Project Report (Ver 2.1) - For Print

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Transcript of Guideline for Preparation of Final Year Project Report (Ver 2.1) - For Print