Guided Reading: Indian Ocean/Saharan Trade Find one person to work with. Split up the questions below and review the following ideas: In your notes, add information you cant remember or didnt include on your reading guides. A.How many new technologies/developments can you name from memory? Can you tell where they came from or where they went? B.How many luxury goods can you name from memory? Can you tell where they came from or where they went? C.What was the social structure of Mali like and how did Mali get income? D.What were the cities of Sudanic Africa like? Guided Reading Change in the West pp Vocabulary: Feudalism First Crusade Jerusalem Pogroms Orthodox Christianity Constantinople Civilizations impacted: Franks, Anglo-Saxons, Holy Roman Empire, Islam, Byzantine, Vikings Guided Reading Questions 1.What changes were made in: Environmental impact, population, state loyalty, gender and religious social structures. 2.What were the motivators for the Crusades? What were the results of the first crusade? 3.What overall impact did the Crusades have in Europe and outside of Europe? Roman Citizen Smurfus Rome from about AD 300 to 450 A.Cities were constantly under attack: Fires started that destroyed everything Muggings/murders/rapes Anyone with anything of value was at a constant risk Everyday citizens could not defend themselves B.Farmland/ non-cities were sporadically attacked, but mostly left alone Smurfus cant fight. Hes worried about his wife and his children. He has enough money to buy land somewhere else, but he doesnt know when he will be attacked, killed, or mugged. What do you advise him to do? Welcome Smurfus. I am smart, and strong(check out my muscles). I can protect you and your family. If you give me all your money, you can live on this land forever and be safe. Smurfus: Mmmm life or $? I choose life! Feudalism Basics A.Local communities (kind of like city-states.) 1.Head of the community = Lord 2.Vassals of the community= Nobles/Knights A.Vassals ran their Manors Promised to provide military in return for their Fief B.Manors provided the vassals and their lord with everything they needed: Food Clothing Hunting Religion/healthcare (they were basically the same thing) Feudalism Basics B. Manors 1.Religion: Catholicism 2.Serfs: Come with the land A.Learned family trade B.Couldnt leave (Didnt want to leave) C.No outside information: marry inside the manor, no traveling, no trade (Rare peddler) D.Loyal to nobles and loyal to lords Middle Ages Group #1: The Franks Clovis and Christianity: The first king More of a powerful lord European Group #1:The Franks The Carolingians: Mayors under the Kings slowly gained power from the king Pepin II and Charles Martel Pepin the Short Powerful mayor who acted more like a king Helped Pope Stephen defeat the Lombards: Donation of Pepin Charlemagne Carolingian Renaissance: refocus on education, art, architecture, and religion Forced conversions of Christians Didnt last: Viking invasions, lack of leadership, fight over power with the pope Created 1886 ( nearly 1000 years after Charlemagnes death) Commissioned by the French Gov. Stands outside Notre Dame Created 1500 ( More than 700 years after Charlemagnes death) Commissioned by Catholic Church Stands in Saint Louis Cathedral in Rome Created 1500 ( nearly 700 years after Charlemagnes death) Created ( Around the time of Charlemagnes death) What strategie s did the Pope have to get more power? Excommunication Interdict Indulgences Simony What strategie s did a king have to get more power? Simony Investiture Military Guided Reading: Change in Western Europe Discuss the following ideas: A.Why did the changes in the High Middle Ages start? B.What overall effect do you think these changes will have in Europe? C.What is your understandings of the Crusades? How big of an impact do you think they had worldwide? D.If there are any questions you still have, write them on the board and I will address them with the lecture notes. Development of Nation States Frankish Empire: France Holy Roman Empire: Germany (sometimes France and Italy) Anglo-Saxon Kingdom: England and parts of France Spanish Empire: Spain Christian Empire European Group #2: Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire. Voltaire Technically started with Charlemagne: Crowned by the pope in 800 (probably didnt want it) Otto was next: aided the pope in a fight and was crowned Mostly was a series of conflicts with the Pope: both trying to get power over the other. Holy Roman Empire: Investiture Conflict Pope Gregory VII: Wanted to remove power from Kings/Emperors Declared Lay Investiture was no longer allowed This meant the pope would be appointing religious officials, not the kings Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Henry IV: Holy Roman Emperor Challenged the pope Pope: Youre excommunicated Henry: I dont care Pope: German princes, you dont have to follow an excommunicated emperor German Princes: Revolt Henry: Im Sorry Pope: Prove it European Group #2: Holy Roman Empire Government Structure: There were moments under Otto, Henry IV, and Frederick Barbarossa (Who drowned in the first Crusade) Most of the time it was separate regions controlled by German Princes (Lords) who constantly challenged the Emperor for power. European Group #3: Italian City States Developed around 1100 after the Carolingian and Holy Roman Empires had lost control of Northern Italy. Florence, Bologna, Genoa, Milan, and Venice. Republic or aristocratic city-states that sometimes allied with each other a rise in populationthe population doubled in this period (the demographic explosion) an emergence of huge cities (Venice, Florence and Milan had over 100,000 inhabitants by the 13th century in addition to many others such as Genoa, Bologna and Verona, which had over 50,000 inhabitants) the rebuilding of the great cathedrals substantial migration from country to city an agrarian revolution the development of commerce Agricultural Revolution Domestic animals and fertilization Fish ponds three-field system: New crops, better nutrition heavy plow plow horse: Horseshoe, Yoke harness, larger horses European Group #3:The Anglo-Saxons Kingdom of the Saxons: 800 to 1066 Alfred the Great: Drove out the Danes Organized his kingdom: Norman England 1066 to 1154 William 1 William of Normandy William the Conqueror Became the king of England after fighting the Battle of Hastings in 1066 against 3 other heirs Had the support of the pope who he convinced to give him the rights to Introduced Feudalism with the Salisbury Oath Created a large feudal army Changed French to the main language Required allegiance: Doomsday Book Shires: County Hundreds: City (Each Hundred had its own assembly) Borough: Chartered Fort They could collect their own taxes and pay the king A) Approve Papal actions. B) Approve the issue of decrees. C) Allowed Bishops to excommunicate. D) Abolished Simony and enforced a clerical celibacy. E) Retained the right of Lay Investiture. F) Replaced Anglo-Saxon Abbots and Bishops with Norman clergy. What strategie s did the Pope have to get more power? Excommunication Interdict Indulgences Simony What strategie s did a king have to get more power? Simony Investiture Military DBQ Reviews Answer the prompt! Dont make up a question to answer Each topic sentence must address the prompt (I should see comparison words or change words) Explain how your evidence answers the prompt, dont just summarize. DBQ Reviews Support your claims about the text with evidence In document three, riches are no longer a bad thing if they are used for charitable causes. Better: In document three, the Christian St. Goderic is given the status of a saint because he donated his wealth to Gods honor and service. This shows that riches are no longer a bad thing if they are used for charitable causes, and even qualifies someone to be a saint. DBQ Reviews You have to be accurate for your ideas to count Document 2: Reread DBQ Reviews Get rid of you, I, we, I think, Etc. Unless were dealing with modern topics, you and I are not a part of the essay. Along with this: Historical writing is formal, objective, and should make you sound like an expert.