Guided Notes: Native Americans in Crisis and the Rise of Populism 1st, 2nd, and 8th Period 2/10/12.
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Transcript of Guided Notes: Native Americans in Crisis and the Rise of Populism 1st, 2nd, and 8th Period 2/10/12.
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Guided Notes:Native Americans in Crisis and the Rise of
Populism
1st, 2nd, and 8th Period
2/10/12
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Section 13.1:Native Americans in Crisis
• Following the Civil War, many Americans moved west.
People moved west during and after the Civil War for 3 reasons: 1. The Gold Rush 2. Land itself 3. The growth of railroads
“American Progress” by John Gast (1872)
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Homestead Act
• Along with those factors, the Federal government added extra incentive by passing the Homestead Act (1862).
• This act offered 160 acres of land to anyone who would live on and cultivate (raise crops on) the land for 5 years.
• Unfortunately, these movements west lead to continued conflicts with Native Americans.
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The Indian Wars
During the Sand Creek Massacre, a group of U.S. soldiers killed 200 peaceful members of the Cheyenne tribe in Colorado.
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The Indian Wars
At the Battle of Wounded Knee, U.S. soldiers massacred 300Native Americas. This battle brought the U.S. wars with Native Americans largely to an end.
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Assimilation
• When the U.S. government wasn’t killing Native Americans, they supported the idea of assimilation.
• Assimilation was the idea that Native Americans were expected to give up their way of life and become part of white culture.
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Dawes Act
• The Dawes Act was an effort to make assimilation official government policy.
• It attempted to “Americanize” Native Americans by distributing reservation land to individual owners.
• In reality, it only exploited Native Americans for their land.
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The destruction of the bison was perhaps the most devastating thing to Native American life.
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Section 13.4:Farmers and the Populist Movement
• Upset by outrageous railroad costs, falling crop prices, and continuous poverty farmers began to organize together.
• One man, Oliver Kelley, formed the Grange (or Patrons of Husbandry) which was a social and economic organization for farmers that attempted to combat the power of the railroads.
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The Populist Party
• The farmer’s movement would evolve into the Populist Party.
• The name comes from the word “populism” which means: the movement of the people.
• The Populist Party wanted to give people a greater voice in the government.
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Fall of Populism
• While the Populist Party never became as popular as the Democrats or Republicans, it became a major force in politics.
• Eventually, the Democrats would adopt many of its policies.
• After barely losing the 1896 Election, the Populist Party collapsed.
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Legacy of the Populist Party
• The Populist Party left behind two major legacies.
1. It proved the downtrodden could organize and have a political voice.
2. It would leave an agenda for reforms, many of which would be enacted later in the 20th century.