GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

Shivarajkumar

Introduction

Terminologies

• guidance : advice or direction for solving a problem etc.

• counselor : 1 adviser. 2 person giving professional guidance on personal problems.

Guidance

Guidance is a process of dynamic interpersonal relationships designed to influence attitudes and subsequent behavior of a person

Definitions

• Guidance is assistance made available personally qualified and adequately trained personnel to an individual of any age to help him to manage his own life activities, to develop his own points of view, make his own decision and carry his own burdens

Crow and Crow• Guidance as a process through which an individual

is able to solve their problems and pursue a path suited to their abilities and aspirations

: JM Brewer

Contd..

• Guidance is an educational service designed to help the students make more effective use of the school training programme

• : Educational Point

Elements of guidance:• It focus attention on individual not on problem• It leads to discovery of abilities of an individual• Its based upon the assets and limitations of an individual• It leads to self development and self direction• Guidance helps an individual to plan wisely for present and future• Guidance helps the individual to become adjusted to the

environment.• Guidance helps to achieve success and happiness.• It improves capacity related to;

– Education– Social– Moral– Emotional– Vocational– Health

Characteristics of guidance

• It helps every individual to help himself to recognize and use his inner resources

• It is continues process• Choice and problem points are distinctive

concerns of guidance• It assistance of individual in process of

development rather then the direction of that development

• It’s a service ment for all• Its both generalized and specialized service

Principles of guidance

• Guidance services which are aimed at bringing about desirable adjustment in any particular area of experience must be taken into account the all round development of the individual.

• Individual differs in native capacity, ability, and interest.• To help the person

– Formulate and accept stimulating, worthwhile, and attainable goals of behavior.

– Apply these objectives in the conduct of his affairs

• Existing social, economic and political unrest is giving rise to many maladjustive factors that required the cooperation of experienced and thoroughly trained guidance counselors and the individual with a problem

• Individual face problems throughout their life• Guidance service should not limited to few who

give observable evidence of his needs, but should extend to all person of all ages who can benefit either directly or indirectly

• Curriculum materials and teaching procedures should be based on guidance point of view

• Guidance touches every phases of an individual’s life pattern

Contd…• Parents and teachers have guidance point of

responsibility• Specific guidance problem of any age level should be

referred to persons who are trained to deal with particular areas of adjustments.

• The data should be accurately recorded and utilized.• Organized guidance programme should be flexible• Highly qualified and trained person should act as

chairman or head of the guidance programme.• Periodic appraisals should made • Guidance is a slow process

Need for the guidance

• Complex nature of the society• Individual differences• Welfare state and the individual• Changed industrial and educational

pattern of the society• Changed economical pattern of the

country• Conservation of the human energy

Areas of guidance• Education:

Need for the expert help is increasing nowadays to cope up with the increasing competitive environment in educational system

• Pre-admission guidance needs

To be imparted to help the students make educational plans consisted with their abilities and goals.

• Post-admission guidance needs

Impart guidance to enable the students to succeed in their educational plans. They need to be guided for developing good study habits, prepare for examinations properly and with confidence.

COUNSELING

Definitions

• Counseling is a method that helps the client to use problem solving process to recognize and manage stress and that facilitates interpersonal relationships among client, family and health care team.

• Counseling is dynamic and purposeful relationship between two people, who approach a mutually defined problems with mutual consideration of each other to the end that the troubled one or less mature is aided to a self-determined resolution of his problem.

Scope of counseling services

• The scope of guidance and counseling is extremely comprehensive. As the life is getting complex day by day, the problems in which expert’s help is required id increasing proportionately. Individual help is provided granting loans, scholarships, handling discipline cases, concern about educational progress, financial and health matters for the nursing personnel.

Levels of counseling• Informal counseling: • Any helping relationship by responsible person who

may have little or no training for the work• Non-Specialist Counseling:• It is a help provided by professional who do great

deal of face to face work with psychological problems in the course of their work

• Professional counseling:• It is helping another person with decision and life

plans by the person who specially trained for this work.

Elements of counseling:

• Counseling involves two persons; it is communication between counselor and counselee

• Counselor: A professionally trained person who can assist or help the counselee

• Counselee: A person who seeks help or need assistance

• Mutual respect, rapport and satisfactory relationship should be established.

• Counselor should be friendly and cooperative with counselee. And counselee should have trust in counselor

Elements that hinder counseling process:• Taking more then you handle• Stereotype the client• Increase or slow the pace of process according to

needs• Asking questions for your interest or needs rather

than of clients

Principles of counseling• Tailor made to the requirement of an individuals

problem• Emphasizes thinking with the individual• Avoid dictatorial attitude• Maintain relationship of trust and confidence with the

client• Client’s need is to be put first• Everyone participating in the counseling process must

be feel comfortable• The client’s and significant influencing personnel must

be included in counseling

• Skills of warmth, friendliness, openness and empathy are ingredients of successful counseling

• Counselor has to listen attentively, answer question objectively; reinforce important information

• Let the client make voluntary informed decision• Maintain dignity of an individual as individual is

primary concern in counseling

Qualities of a counselor

Interpersonal relationships– Friendly nature– Gets along with others– Sympathic understanding – Fairness– Sincerity – Patience– Confidentiality– Good listener

Personal adjustments– Shows mature behavior– Maintains emotional stability– Flexible and adaptability– Aware about one’s limitations– Mentally sound and healthy in all the aspects.– Able to accept criticism– Knowledge of self

Educational background– Should be motivated and committed– Highly cultured social interest– Capacity for work– Positive interest– Scholastic interest.– Respect the facts

Health and personal appearance

– Pleasing voice– Pleasing appearance– Freedom from annoying mannerisms– Poise and neatness

Organizing guidance and counseling nursing educational institute• For constituent colleges on the campus: if 1000

students on rolls:• A counseling officer assisted by guidance

committee can plan the programme according to their needs

• If less then 1000 a liaison officer will look after• If more then 1000 students an assistant counseling

officer may appointed

For affiliated college at distance• If 1000 students counseling officer assisted by

guidance committee can plan the programme according to their needs

• If less then 1000 a liaison officer will look after

At universities

• Deans are assisted with HOD of psychology and education – guidance committee, counseling officer, can plan the programme and implement the activities

Phases of counseling

• Phase I: Establishing Relationships• Phase II: Assessment• Phase III: Setting goal• Phase IV: Interventions• Phase V: Termination and Follow up

Phase I: Establishing Relationships• Begin the phase with,

– Introduce yourself– Listen attentively– Always address the individual by his/her preferred

name– Ensure physical comfort– Do not interrupt the individual while they are talking– Observe nonverbal communications

Phase II: Assessment

it involves several skills such as,• Observations• Enquiry• Making associations among facts• Recording• Making educated guesses• Recording

Phase III: Setting goal

The major purpose of the phase to provide the direction to individual and counselor. The process of setting goals is corporately done by the counselor and the individual. It requires:

• The sk i l l s of drawing inference• Different ia t ion• Teaching indiv idual real i s t ica l ly

Phase IV: Interventions

It is a phase in which is more influenced by the viewpoints a counselor holds about counseling process. After setting the question that follows is how shall we accomplish these goals? The intervention will be used depend upon approaches used by counselor, the problem and the individual

Phase V: Termination and Follow up• All counseling has ultimate criterion a

successful termination. It must be done without destroying the accomplishments gained and should be done with sensitivity, intention and by fading. It is not unusual for the individual to have a feeling of sense loss; hence termination should be planned over few sessions. Followup appointments can also be fixed for some time.

Types of counseling

Counselor centered counseling:

• To attempt the reconcile and integrate interests of the personnel with the interest of more sophisticated common forces of counseling where the superior understand the problem, formulates correct answers persuades the worker to perceive the answer in the same ways. The client makes decision, but the counselor does all that he can to get the counselee make a decision and keeping with his diagnosis.

Client centered counseling:

• It rests upon the fundamental respect for the individuals’ belief in person’s ability to solve the personal problems with the aid of a sympathetic listener. The counselor’s role is passive. This type of counseling is a growth experience. The goal is independence and integration of client rather then problem oriented. The counselor creates an environment in which the client can work out his own abilities.

Short term counseling

• It will be used in situational crisis in which disruption of life occurred.

• It focuses or concerned of the client or family• It can be relatively minor concern or major crisis,

but whatever the satiation it need immediate action. Counselor will assist the client and guides problem-solving in systematic way or decision making.

Long term counseling:

• It extends over prolonged period of time. It focused for the client who experience developmental crisis may need long term counseling. Support group can be involved in this type of counseling.

Other types are,

• Electic counseling• Psychological counseling• Student counseling• Placement counseling• Marriage counseling • Individual counseling• Problem solving counseling

Questions………???

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