“They ... were taken from their families and our organization in the primes of their lives.”COL. TIM MARSANO, Idaho National Guard

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IDAHO LEGISLATURE

Lawmakersclose in on

key final billsNEWS, A7

TIM WOODWARD

A travel mistakethat hopefully

others won’t makeEXPLORE, E1

FINAL FOURREMATCH SET

Wisconsin rolls, Kentuckyedges Notre Dame SPORTS, S1

IdahoStatesmanMARCH 29, 2015 64° / 41° SEE A13

CLEAR

$2

SUNDAY EDITION

PERMISSION SLIP FOR A COOKIE? DEBATE GOES VIRAL NEWS, A11

Provided by Idaho National Guard / U.S. ArmyU.S. Army investigators sort through the remains of the Apache helicopter that crashed in a field south of Boise last November, killing Idaho ArmyNational Guard pilots Jon Hartway and Stien Gearhart. Fellow members of the Idaho Guard said that Gearhart and Hartway, both of whom served incombat in Afghanistan, were top-notch pilots.

IDAHO GUARD TRAGEDY

PICKING UP THE PIECES,MAKING FLIGHTS SAFER

Nobody knows why Idaho Army National Guard pilots Stien Gearhart and Jon Hartway made themistakes that caused their Apache helicopter to crash. The official U.S. Army report reveals onlythe errors, not the reasons behind them. Would more altitude have made a difference? Should

Gearhart have had more rest? As the Guard’s Apache unit in Boise works to make its training flightssafer, Statesman reporter Sven Berg takes a look at the Army’s investigation, the moments leading up tothe fatal crash and the recommendations for reducing the chance of it happening again. DEPTH, D1

See a photo gallery online from theannual event at Zoo Boise, and seesome select images from Saturday’sscrambles, where no one crackedunder the pressure. NEWS, A6

EASTER EGGSTRAVAGANZA

Children show off theirhunting skills at zoo

ON THE WEB

NURSE-IN AT CAPITOLThe event at 3 p.m. is intendedto draw attention to breast-feeding laws. Check for a reportand images.IDAHOSTATESMAN.COM

STATESMAN SURVEYHelp us help you by participat-ing in a reader feedback survey.Find the link under “Featured”on our home page.IDAHOSTATESMAN.COM

DOING THE MATH

NEW TEACHINGMETHOD GAINSMOMENTUMThe focus shifts from memoryand speed to visual and creativeexercises. DEPTH, D1

BOISE PRESERVATION

GOOD NEWS FORHISTORIC HOMESPotential new owners submit plans tosave and move three houses built aroundthe turn of the 20th century. NEWS, A4

STATESMAN EDITORIAL

COOPERATION WORKSON EDUCATIONTo help “our kids,” legislators know theymust be on the same page. OPINIONS, D5

ROBERT EHLERT

CANCER STORIESAMAZE US OPINIONS, D5

Big April Calendar hasEaster events, more EXPLORE, E1

IDAHO STATESMAN: A McClatchy Newspaper, 1200 N. Curtis Road, Boise, ID • P.O.Box40,Boise, ID83707 • (208)377-6200•©2015 IdahoStatesman,Vol. 150, No. 247, 5 sections, 44 pages

A NEWS Catching Up A2-3 | Local news A4 | Legislature A7, 10 | Business A11 | Nation/World A11 | Idaho History A10 | Weather A13

D DEPTH Opinions D5 | Letters to the Editor D6-7 | Guest opinion D5, 9 | Editorial Cartoon D6

E EXPLORE Tim Woodward E1 | TV E2 | Carolyn Hax E3 | Horoscopes E3 | Puzzles E3 | Books E4 | Religion E5 | Obituaries E10-11 | Calendars E1,6,7,9 | Sunday’s Child E5

S SPORTS Boise State football S1 | Letters to the Sports Editor S5 | Sports TV/Radio S5 | Golf S5 | Tennis S5 | NBA S7 | Boxing S7 | Scoreboard S8 | Motor sports S9

INSIDE TODAY

The Idaho Statesman’s an-nual high school All-Idahoboys and girls basketballteams honor 120 players,including 12 players of theyear, across six classifica-tions. Four pages in Sports,S1-S4

2015ALL-IDAHO

BASKETBALL

BY SHARON NOGUCHISAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS

SAN JOSE, Calif. — Fear of mathrepresents not personal failure or amissing gene but wrongheaded “one-size-fits-all” ways of teaching. That, atleast, is the theory behind a quiet revo-lution in math education incubated inthe Bay Area that is exciting teacherseven more than an elegant proof of thePythagorean theorem.

A vanguard of math instructors isembracing ideas developed by twoStanford professors to reform math in-struction.

Mention to people that you teachmath, David Foster of the SiliconValley Mathematics Initiative said, and“to a person they launch into a horrorstory about high school math. The onlymystery is if they blame the algebrateacher or the geometry teacher.”

Foster, whose organization offerstraining and resources for teachers, ad-vocates a more positive approach toget kids to love learning.

“Learning to do math is no differentfrom learning to play the piano orlearning to play a sport — a lot of it isabout hard work and practice.”

That idea is rooted in the work of

psychology professor Carol Dweckand education professor Jo Boaler,whose approaches to teaching mathare resonating in education circles —and spreading virally. Dweck has foundfailure helps students to learn, growand get better, and urges that math ed-ucation focus on helping students per-severe even if they do not succeed atfirst.

Boaler’s free online course last sum-

mer attracted 85,000 people. Her ap-proach involves less rote memoriza-tion; instead, lessons focus on differentways to solve problems, individualizedapproaches, small-group discussionand real-life applications of math.

Also feeding the teaching revolutionis an explosion of online math lessonsreplacing lectures and one-size-fits-all

DAN HONDA / Bay Area News Group / TNSVinnie Soares, 12, concentrates uses a calculator during his seventh-grade mathclass at Iron Horse Middle School in San Ramon, Calif., where the new method is be-ing used.

BY SVEN BERGsberg@idahostatesman.com

© 2015 Idaho Statesman

The Apache helicopter opera-tor’s manual contains a new warn-ing to military pilots acrossthe country.

The notation alerts them tothe scenario that caused anApache to crash Nov. 6 nearBoise, killing Idaho Army Na-tional Guardsmen Jon Hart-way and Stien Gearhart.

Also in response to thecrash, the Idaho Guard is con-sidering changes to altitudesand pilot rest schedules tomake flights safer.

The Guard has briefed itsaircrews and maintenance workerson the findings of the U.S. Army’s

investigation, Idaho National Guardspokesman Col. Tim Marsano said.The Statesman obtained a copy ofthe investigation report through arequest to the Guard.

The 240-page report in-cludes hundreds of photosand dozens of videos taken byinvestigators in the days afterthe crash. It reveals new de-tails, contributing factors andrecommendations for avoid-ing a similar tragedy:

Æ A word-for-word tran-script of the flight’s audiorecording.

Æ A recommendation to flytraining missions at higher al-titudes, offering a greater

margin of error.

An Army investigation led to recommendations on how to avoidthe circumstances that caused the deaths of two Idaho pilots

8WATCH AVIDEO OF THE

INVESTIGATIONIdahoStatesman.comRead a transcript of thecockpit recording and theArmy’s findings andrecommendations, and seeour stories on Hartway andGearhart.

See IDAHO GUARD, D2

Guard learns bitter lessonsfrom helicopter crash

New math teaching method emergesEDUCATION

D SUNDAY, MARCH 29, 2015

Inside:OpinionsEDITORIAL: COOPERATION ON EDUCATION D5

EHLERT: CANCER COMMUNITY AMAZES D5Depth

Photos provided by Idaho National Guard / U.S. ArmyThe crash that killed Jon Hartway and Stien Gearhart was reported about 7:50 p.m. on Nov. 6. Photos taken by U.S. Army investigators show how badly damaged the helicopter was.The pilots’ families have continued to ask the media to respect their privacy.

There’s less focus on memoryand speed, more emphasis onvisual and creative exercises.

Jon Hartway

StienGearhart

MILITARY TRAGEDY IN IDAHO

See MATH, D3

Aircraft manufacturer Boeingdelivered the first Apache helicop-ter to the U.S. Army in 1984. Today,as many as 2,000 Apaches are inuse in 14 countries around theworld.

Designedasanattackandsur-veillanceaircraft, theApachehasgone throughaseriesofupgradesoverthepast30years.Thenewestmodelwas introducedin2011.TheIdahoArmyNationalGuardApachethatcrashedoutsideBoiseonNov.6wasoneof16basedatGowenField.

Here are some more details onthe model of Apache that crashed:

Length: 58 feetHeight: 16 feetMaximum cruise speed:

165 mphSource: Boeing

APACHE HELICOPTERS

Billy Graham’s workpicks up in Ferguson

BY LILLY FOWLERST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH

ST. LOUIS — Fergusonis testing the legacy of themost famous, and probablymost beloved, televangelist.

In a region still roiled bythe death of African-Amer-ican teenager MichaelBrown and a recent U.S.Department of Justice re-port that found a pattern ofracial bias among police,the Billy Graham Evangelis-tic Association, an organi-zation based in Charlotte,N.C., and headed byFranklin Graham, one ofBilly’s sons, is attempting tomake a difference.

An emergency team ofthe ministry’s chaplains hasalready made two intermit-tent stops in Ferguson andis prepared to return at amoment’s notice.

Now, the project istaking the next step.

Working with OneChurch Outreach Ministry,a group that seeks to bringtogether various Christianleaders and pastors, the Bil-ly Graham Evangelistic As-

sociation has helped launchan adopt-a-block effort inFerguson.

For the next six months,a community of Christianshoping to help transformthe area will canvassdozens of distinct blocks inFerguson, offering prayersand assistance.

There are also plans tointroduce an adopt-a-school initiative modeledon a national program de-signed by Tony Evans, apastor in Dallas at the10,000-member Oak CliffBible Fellowship.

The outreach efforts aimto advance the work BillyGraham began decades agoin the civil rights era.

Billy Graham’s Rapid Re-sponse Team, a nationwidegroup of 1,800 chaplains,races toward disasters, of-ten using tractor-trailers toset up makeshift offices indevastated communities.

The team, specificallytrained to deal with crisissituations, first formed

CIVIL RIGHTS

See GRAHAM, D2

D2 • SUNDAY, MARCH 29, 2015 IDAHO STATESMAN • IDAHOSTATESMAN.COM

Æ Concern about Gear-hart’s workload prior to thecrash.

Æ Praise overall forGearhart’s and Hartway’sGuard unit and its policiesand procedures.

Gearhart, 50, of Meridian,and Hartway, 43, of Kuna,were on a training missionNov. 6. Runaway RPMs trig-gered an automatic shut-down of both engines on theApache helicopter theywere flying at about 7 p.m.The helicopter crashed intoa field south of Boise, killingboth men.

Besides the pain of two pi-lots’ deaths so close to home,the crash shocked the publicand baffled aviation experts.That’s partly a result of thequalifications of the twomen at the controls.Gearhart and Hartway were,by all accounts, experienced,highly rated pilots. Theyserved in combat inAfghanistan and wereknown as patient, knowl-edgeable instructors.

“They selflessly swore al-legiance to the U.S. Consti-tution, served in many over-seas combat deploymentsand were taken from theirfamilies and our organiza-tion in the primes of theirlives,” Marsano said.

How could two pilotswith such impressive re-sumes err so fatally? TheArmy’s investigation reportidentifies the technical fac-tors but fails to answer thequestion of why they oc-curred.

As far as anyone knows,Marsano said via email, thisis the only time an Apachehas crashed due to this com-bination of factors.

AUTOROTATIONSeconds before they hit

the ground, Hartway andGearhart apparently at-tempted a maneuver that,had it worked, could havesafely landed the Apache.

“OK, Jon, auto,” Gearhartsaid, according to Army in-vestigators’ transcript of theflight’s audio recordings.

Gearhart’s order appearsto have been a command toperform an autorotationlanding. This maneuver isused to land a helicopter thathas lost all engine power.

No one knows for surewhat the pilots were think-ing, and “we dare not specu-

late,” Marsano said.“But it would be common

procedure for a crew to at-tempt an autorotation if bothengines failed and the condi-tions permitted,” he said.

An autorotation uses apowerless helicopter’sdownward momentum tosave it from crashing. As theaircraft falls, air rushing byits rotor blades causes themto pick up RPMs. At the lastmoment, as the helicopternears the ground, the pilotpulls the nose of the aircraftup.

If the blades are spinningfast enough, the lift they pro-vide can slow the fall of thehelicopter and allow it toavoid crashing.

Gearhart and Hartwaywere about 400 feet aboveground level when their en-gines cut out. That allowsvery little time and distanceto get the rotor blades mov-ing fast enough for a suc-cessful autorotation landing,said Lon Calhoun, a helicop-ter mechanic who splitstime between Boise and La-Grande, Ore. The IdahoGuard hasn’t made its pilots,mechanics and otherexperts available for inter-views, so the Statesmanasked an independent me-chanic to review parts of theinvestigation file.

Ideally, Calhoun said, theywould be much higher whengoing into an autorotation,though he admitted he’s notfamiliar with military train-ing procedures.

The Army recommendedthat the Idaho Guard look in-to an agreement with theBoise Airport and air trafficcontrollers that would allowmilitary helicopters to oper-ate at altitudes of at least 700feet.

Marsano said the Guardunit is in talks with the BoiseAirport and federal airtraffic controllers aboutchanging altitudes and otherprocedures on training mis-sions.

THE MISSIONThe purpose of the Nov. 6

flight was for Gearhart toperform an “annual stan-dardization flight evalua-tion” of Hartway, accordingto the Army investigation’sfindings. Specifically, Hart-way was supposed to prac-tice flying the Apache tosafety on the power of oneengine. Two engines drivethe Apache helicopter’smain rotor, whose fourblades provide lift and

thrust.To simulate the loss of an

engine, the lever that con-trols it was supposed to bepushed past the “fly” posi-tion and momentarily intothe “lockout” position. Im-mediately after going intolockout, the lever was sup-posed to be pulled back, re-ducing engine power to amarginal level to simulatethe helicopter operating onthe remaining engine’s pow-er.

But for some reason — noone knows why — both en-gines were placed in thelockout position. Also, in-stead of being returned im-mediately to a low-powersetting, both engines’ leverswere left in lockout. Again,no one knows why. Therecordings from the cockpitoffer no explanation. Bothengines’ RPMs acceleratedenough to activate a featurethat shut them down to keepthem from burning up.

In February, the Idaho Na-tional Guard reported thatthe lockout position discon-nects the engines from thetransmission. That was in-correct: Rather, lockouttakes control over the throt-tle — the amount of fuel go-ing to the engine — awayfrom a computer and puts itin the hands of the pilot.

If the computer that con-trols the throttle were to fail

due to a lightning strike orsome other circumstance,Marsano said, pilots coulduse the lockout position tokeep the helicopter in the air.

The throttle is extremelysensitive in lockout position,Calhoun said. A slight nudgeforward can push RPMs toohigh.

“When the power leversare moved forward past the‘fly’ position for more than abrief moment, they’re beingfed more fuel than the en-gines can handle and the en-gines will overspeed,”Marsano said.

Would Boeing, whichmanufactures Apache heli-copters, or the Army recom-mend a feature or redesignfor the Apache to keep theengines from reaching ex-cessive RPMs in such cases?

Boeing referred theStatesman to the Army onthis question. Army spokes-woman Sofia Bledsoe de-clined to respond becausethe investigation report “isstill in staffing and not final.”

“Upon completion ofstaffing and based on thefindings/recommendationsof the board, the Project Of-fice will determine what ac-tions are appropriate to pre-vent a like accident in the fu-ture,” Bledsoe wrote in anemail.

OVERSPEEDThere appears to have

been miscommunication be-tween Gearhart and Hart-way about which enginewould be placed in lockout.

“I said (engine) numbertwo, right?” Hartway said toGearhart a few minutes afterthe flight began, accordingto the Army’s audio tran-script. “Or did I say one?”

“You said one,” Gearhartreplied. “I’m guarding two.”

“OK, going to one, got it,”Hartway said.

Five seconds later, the he-licopter’s warning systemannounced: “Rotor RPMhigh.”

“Whoah,” Gearhart said.Within four seconds of

the “rotor RPM high” warn-ing, the helicopter gave sep-arate audio warnings thatboth engines had reached“overspeed” and automati-cally shut down. Secondslater, the aircraft announcedthat the engines were out.

The recording ends withthis unfinished messagefrom the Apache’s warningsystem: “Rotor RP—.”

The crash probablycaused the warning systemor audio recording to cutout, Marsano said.

‘CUMULATIVE EFFECT’The Army took issue with

the number of hoursGearhart had logged in thedays leading up to the crash.

“(Gearhart) was near theend of his second day in arow of 14-hour duty days fora total of 28 hours of duty in48 hours,” investigatorswrote in their report. “Al-though there is no indicationthat this crewmember wasfatigued during this flight,fatigue has a cumulative ef-fect on (the) body and caus-es a reduction in alertnessand reaction time of an indi-vidual.”

In response to this issue,Marsano said, the IdahoGuard is “reviewing crewrest procedures to ensureour pilots are well rested be-fore their training missions.”

Army investigators foundno evidence of “any negli-gence or willful miscon-

duct.” In fact, their reportcommends the unitGearhart and Hartwayserved in.

“The overall impressionof the unit and facility main-tenance personnel, policiesand procedures are excel-lent,” according to the re-port. “It is apparent this is aunit that prides itself in theiraircraft, maintenance, main-tenance areas and fellow sol-diers.”

In keeping with Armyregulations, no independentreview of the crash investi-gation or its findings will oc-cur, Marsano said.

Sven Berg: 377-6275

IDAHO GUARDCONTINUED FROM D1

Photo provided by Idaho National guard/u.S. ArmyThe tail rotor separated from the Apache helicopter’s main fuselage, above left.

Sven Berghas workedfor theStatesmansince 2012.He mostlycovers Boise city govern-ment and real estate de-velopment, but occasion-ally picks up stories onother topics.

SVEN BERG

after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks inNew York. A total of nearly 100chaplains from different parts ofthe country have been deployed toFerguson.

Jack Munday, international di-rector for the Billy Graham RapidResponse Team, says that whenpeople experience real trauma,they start asking the very hardquestions.

“People are looking for hope.They’re looking for answers. Quitefrankly, they start asking Godquestions,” Munday said.

The first time Billy Graham’sRapid Response team landed inFerguson was in November, whena grand jury opted not to indict Of-ficer Darren Wilson in the fatalshooting of Brown.

A large, black truck with thewords “SHARING HOPE IN CRI-SIS” could be seen on West Floris-sant Avenue. Chaplains mingledabout, allowing folks from the areato climb into their temporaryoffice and talk about their troubles.

“Our mission is to ask goodquestions,” Munday said. “What

they are hearing from us is we’verecognized that they’ve gonethrough something and then welisten.”

Chaplains traveled to Fergusonagain after two officers were shotlast week in front of the police de-partment. The ministry has madean effort to not take sides, reachingout to first responders and protest-ers.

Stories of success have emergedfrom the streets.

Chaplains say they have prayedwith about 2,000 residents, 100 ofwhom have chosen to follow JesusChrist.

There have also been some dra-matic moments.

One of the team’s chaplainsmarried a couple, who had beentogether for nine years and who, inan unrelated incident, had losttheir home in a fire, in a Fergusonparking lot.

Chaplain Kevin Williams calledthe wedding “a signal … to every-one that is paying attention. Achange is coming.”

Other times have been moretense. When protesters recentlyclashed in front of the Fergusonpolice department, one chaplainwas forced to step in, pulling out

one woman pinned against a wallby the wrist.

On a recent snowy Saturday,about 50 Christians gathered in aBaptist church in Ferguson. Repre-sentatives from the Billy GrahamEvangelistic Association told thosegathered that at that very momentthere were hundreds around thecountry praying for them.

John Galvin, an attorney in St.Louis who has volunteered as achaplain for seven years, stressedthat it was important the Billy Gra-ham Evangelistic Association’s ef-forts in Ferguson not end with theRapid Response Team. An adopt-a-block program was one way ofcontinuing their work.

“We stay there until the job isdone, and we do it right,” Galvinsaid.

The plan was for volunteers topainstakingly visit each block inFerguson, if possible on a weeklybasis, and knock on doors. Theyweren’t necessarily there to spreadthe Gospel but to show love andoffer help.

“You’re not going to force theBible or Gospel down theirthroats,” said Jose Aguayo, a chap-lain with the Billy Graham Evan-gelistic Association.

Galvin added, “We don’t com-promise on the truth, but we don’tgo in with all the answers. If wecome in with too much of an atti-tude, it’s not going to work.”

Those who opened doors wouldbe given information on free earlychildhood education in the Fergu-son-Florissant School District, the

Mathews-Dickey Boys’ & Girls’Club, a summer job league foryoung adults, and even for afederal energy assistance program.

“I told the mayor, in a year’stime you’re not going to recognizeyour town, because God is going totake over,” said Aguayo, referringto James Knowles.

GRAHAMCONTINUED FROM D1

St. Louis Post-DispatchSamantha Castillo answers questions from volunteers before they handout information on the adopt-a-block program in the Canfield Green Apart-ments complex, near where Michael Brown was shot in Ferguson.