ÁGUA DF€¦ · management practices for the Pipiripau River basin, Central Brazil, using SWAT....

1Patrocinadopor

Funded by

IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

1Patrocinadopor

Funded by

Assessing the hydrological impact of conservation management practices for the Pipiripau River basin, Central Brazil, using SWAT.

Michael Strauch, Fabio Bakker, Albano Araújo,

Jorge E.F.W. Lima, Carsten Lorz, Franz Makeschin

International Conference on Integrated Water Resources ManagemenInternational Conference on Integrated Water Resources Managementt‐‐

Management of Water in Changing World: Lessons Learnt and InnovManagement of Water in Changing World: Lessons Learnt and Innovative Perspectives ative Perspectives ‐‐1212‐‐13 October 2011, Dresden, Germany13 October 2011, Dresden, Germany

12th International Conference on Watershed & River Basin Management, Recife 2011

IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

Outline:

2

The SWAT model

Study area

Case study workflow

Management scenarios

Calibration results

Model plausibility

International Conference on Integrated Water Resources

Management, Dresden 2011


IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

Population in thousands in the DF

Land use change in the DF

OtherUrban

Agriculture

Cerrado

Mata

Urban

Rural

1954 1964 1973 1984 1994 1998 2001 2006

Lorz et al. 2011

Lorz et al. 2011

Increasing risk of water scarcity due to population growth & land use change in the Federal District (DF), Central Brazil

Urgent need for IWRM in the DF (IWAS supports by developing specific solutions)

Land management can significantly affect water resources (e.g. silting of reservoires) => must be part of IWRM

Program ‘Produtor de Água’: Support ofsustainable management by Payments for Environmental Services (PES)

We want to assess the effectiveness of BMPs (through watershed modeling) 3




IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

ArcGIS Source: http://geo.arc.nasa.gov (modified)

ArcSWAT

Integrated watershed modeling system

Model components include: weather, hydrology, erosion/sedimentation,plant growth, nutrients, pesticides, agricultural management…

Process‐based, semi‐distributed (HRUs)

http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/

(Arnold et al., 1998)

4



SWAT‐T: adapted plant growth module(to tropical conditions)


IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

Pipiripau River Basin (~ 215 km²)Conflicts in water use (agricultural vs. urban use)Part of ‘Produtor de Água’

5




IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

Model setup for status quo

Model

calibration

/

validation

Plausibility

check

[ET, LAI, Runoff

components]

Scenario simulation

BMP impact analysis

Sediments (Turbidity)Streamflow

Remote‐Sens.(MODIS)Literature Review

Water useClimateSoils

Land

use/managementDEM

Crop RotationsIrrigationSediment BasinsTerracesRiparian Buffer

6

Source Code

Adaptation




IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

LU_APP_ARASE

Source: BRASIL (2010), modified

− Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP protected by law; in theory!)− Active River Areas (ARA, suggested by TNC)− Areas Susceptible for Erosion (ASE, suggested by TNC)

Riparian Buffer

7




IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

− Terraces on 25, 50, and 100% of arable land− Sediment basins along roads (2, 5, and 10 per km)

Erosion Control Constructions

Source: BRASIL (2010) 8




IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

− Irrigation efficiency− Diversified crop rotations as alternative to soybean & corn−monocultures

Sustainable Crop Management

Ano 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8Talhão a b c a b c a b c a b c a b c a b c a b c a b c

1 Sj M F M F T Sj So H A G H SJ C F M C T Sj So H A T F2 M A F Sj T H A G F Sj M H

C

R T F Sj So H M F H3 Sj C T M C F Sj M H A G T Sj A F M So H4 M A F Sj T H A T H Sj G F M C H5 Sj So F M G H Sj M F A C T6 A T F Sj M H M A H7 Sj C T A M F8 M F T

diasSj Soja 100F Feijão 90M Milho 120So Sorgo 90T Trigo 120G Girassol 100C Canola 100P PousioA Algodão 120ML Milheto 90H HortaliçaCR Crotalária 90

plantiosafra out/novsafrinha jan/fevInverno Irrigado abr/mai

Exemplary crop rotation scheme for the DF including 50% soybean (Embrapa)

9




IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

10

Streamflow [m³/s], daily Sediment loads [t/mon]

Calibration period:

1/2004 ‐

12/2006



*

Validation period:

1/2007 ‐

6/2009

**Sediment loads derived from correlations to turbidity

R²

= 0.79NSE = 0.78

R²

= 0.66NSE = 0.54

R²

= 0.78NSE = 0.48

R²

= 0.81NSE = ‐5.5


IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

11

Leaf‐Area‐Index (LAI)

– SWAT simulation vs. remote – sensing data (MOD15A2)

– Average annual cycle – (2003‐2009)



Evapotranspiration (ET)

– SWAT simulation vs. literature data for Cerrado

Months in year


IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

12

Conservation Management Practices are assumed to be essential for a sustainable IWRM in the DF (political relevance, see program Produtor de Água)

Evaluation of effectiveness of those measures (for decision support) requires integrated process‐based watershed modeling

Target outputs (streamflow, sediment loads) and process representation must be assessed

SWAT‐T has proved to be suitable to simulate key hydrologic processesin the tropical Pipiripau watershed (=> should be used instead of SWAT!)

Coming next: Scenario simulations




IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

Giambelluca, T.W., Scholz F.G., Bucci S.J., 2009. Evapotranspiration and energy balance of Brazilian savannas with contrasting

tree density. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149: 1365–1376.

Arnold, J.G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R., Williams, J., 1998. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: Model development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34: 73‐89.

Lima, W. de P., Zakia, M.J.B., Libardi, P.L., Filho, A.P. de S.,

1990. Comparative evapotranspiration of Eucalyptus, Pine and natural "Cerrado" vegetation measured by the soil water balance method. IPEF International (1), Piracicaba: 5‐11.

Lima, J.E.F.W., da Silva, C.L., Oliveira, C.A. da S., 2001. Comparação da evapotranspiração real simulada e observada em uma bacia hidrográfica em condições naturais de cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 5(1): 33‐41.

Santana, O.A., Cuniat, G., Imaña‐Encinas, J., 2010. Contribution of understory vegetation on total evapotranspiration in distinct environments of the Cerrado biome, Distrito Federal, Brazil. Ciência Florestal, Santa Maria, 20(2): 269‐281

References:

BRASIL, Ministério do Meio Ambiente ‐

Agência Nacional de ANA (2010). Programa Produtor de Água ‐

Relatório de Diagnóstico Socioambiental da Bacia do Ribeirão Pipiripau, Brasília.

And many thanks to the BMBF for

supporting our project!!

Thank you for your attention!




IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

14


Management, Dresden 2011International Conference on Integrated Water Resources



IWASBrazil

ÁGUA‐DF

Change of grow

season only possible

by kill operation!

⇒ fixed date or heat ⇒ unit fraction⇒ no minimum LAI

SWAT‐T: ⇒ no kill op necessary⇒ beginning of new ⇒ grow season⇒ depends on soil⇒moisture at the end⇒ of the dry season

15

How is SWAT simulating the LAI?

Heat

unit

approach

for

optimal LAI

development

!

For perennials

and

trees

growing

season

is

terminated

by

dormancy.

What

if

there

is

no dormancy

(like

in the

tropics)?


Management, Dresden 2011International Conference on Integrated Water Resources


ÁGUA DF€¦ · management practices for the Pipiripau River basin, Central Brazil, using SWAT....

Documents

Transcript of ÁGUA DF€¦ · management practices for the Pipiripau River basin, Central Brazil, using SWAT....