GTECH 361
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Transcript of GTECH 361
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GTECH 361
Lecture 09
Features in the Geodatabase
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Today’s Contents
Creating simple features
Editing coincident features
Creating annotation features
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Creating Simple Features
Features class geometry Multi-part features
Splitting features Splitting lines Splitting polygons
Combining features Merge Union Intersect
Auto-complete polygons
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Feature Class Geometry
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Multi-part Features
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Splitting Lines
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Splitting Polygons
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Merge
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Union
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Intersect
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Auto-complete Polygons
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Editing Coincident Features
Creating map topology Preventing editing errors
Editing nodes and edges Moving an edge or node Reshaping an edge Modifying an edge
Example: implementing a geodatabase
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Editing Errors
Creating topology to prevent editing errors
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Adjacency = Common Border
The primary purpose of a topology is to define spatial relationships between features
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Preserving Coincidence
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Preserving Connectivity
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Common Topology Elements
Both edge and node are treated as single elements Multiple copies of them stored in the
geodatabase are moved as if they were one
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Storage of Shared Feature Parts in the
Geodatabase
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Editing Nodes and Edges
Moving an edge or node
The edge is rubber-banded
Modifying an edge
Reshaping an edge
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Creating Annotation Features
What are annotation feature classes
What are annotation classes Types of geodatabase annotations
Standard Feature-linked*
Dimensioning*
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Geodatabase Annotation
Functionality
Arc ViewCreate and edit standard annotation. View feature-linked and dimension annotation
ArcEditorArcInfo
Create and edit standard, feature-linked, and dimension annotation. Ability to create multiple annotation classes for an annotation feature class
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Annotation Feature Classes
Are like other geodatabase feature classes; they have Attributes that define how text is
displayed Spatial reference Can be added as a layer to ArcMap
Can be created from labels, or are Created in ArcCatalog from scratch
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Annotation Feature Classes
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Annotation Classes
All annotation feature classes have at least one annotation class Text symbology Alignment
With ArcEditor or ArcInfo Multiple annotation classes within one
annotation feature class to Specify different annotation display
properties for different types of features
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Annotation Types
Standard annotation
Feature-linked annotation
Dimension annotation
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Standard Annotation
Like labels with georeference
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Feature-linked
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Dimensioning
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Summary of Today A geodatabase feature class can store point, multipoint, line, or
polygon features. Multipart features and features with true curves are also supported
You can create new features by digitizing or by using ArcMap editing tools such as Merge and Union. Features can also be created as the output from geoprocessing operations, such as clip
When editing features, you can maintain their spatial relationships by creating a map topology. Once you've created a map topology, you can use ArcMap's topology editing tools to maintain coincidence between parts of features within a single feature class or among multiple feature classes
There are three types of geodatabase annotation: standard, feature-linked, and dimension annotation. All annotation feature classes contain at least one annotation class
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The GIS ProcessDecision Rules
Non-spatial Data
SpatialObjects
GIS
Geographic Theory
GeographicAnalysis &Quantitative
Modeling
Predictionand
Projection
Spatial DataHandling andManipulation
Data CollectionAnd Organization
Transformation of Spatial Data - Enhancement of Information Content - Change in Amount of Spatial Data - Value Added
Pro-ducts
for
Deci-sionMak-
ing
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The GIS Process
1. Defining the problem/question and information products
2. Estimating costs and benefits (establishing initial justification)
3. Inferring GIS functionality requirements and processes
4. Establishing quality control parameters and procedures
5. Establishing resource allocations and timetable
6. Carrying out GIS procedures
7. Evaluation
8. Report details regarding the management of project, data sources, processes involved, outputs, outcomes, etc.
9. Archive digital information representing data and analysis
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Typical GIS capabilities
Raster GISLocal operationsRecodingOverlaying layersOperations on local
neighborhoodsOperations on extended
neighborhoodsOperations on zones
Vector GISReclassify, dissolve,
merge
Topological analysis
Buffering
Measurements
Operations on surfaces
Network analysis
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Data model-dependent classificationafter Goodchild
points:techniques used to analyze an undifferentiated set of points, e.g. point pattern analysis;spatial objects with attributes:techniques that analyze an attribute matrix, and reduce space to a square matrix of spatial relationships between pairs of objects, e.g. measures of adjacency or proximity;networks of links and nodes:a range of techniques for analyzing networks in transportation and hydrology, based on attributes of network links and nodes;spatial interaction models:models of the interaction between pairs of objects, based on an analysis of the characteristics of origin objects, destination objects, and the spatial separation between them;raster techniques:methods of analysis based on the representation of continuous layers as rasters of cells, and supported by the so-called raster GISs.
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OGIS Reference Model
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Solicited Categorizationof GIS Operations
Visualize / Show Encode
Find Monitor
Create
Combine
Allocate
Determine
Aggregate/Summarize
Compare (partial) Select
Substitute
Derive
Correct
Evaluate
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Goals or "meta tasks" as they are used by expert GIS
users INVENTORYLocates, counts, or records items w/o having any implications concerning desirabilityRESOURCEDesirable, useful, or limited phenomenon to be conserved or protectedRESTRICTIONConstraint that limits the availability, desirability, or location of a target or resourceREFERENCEProvides spatial control or anchor for locating features in other rolesPREDICTIONAttribute values correlated with the presence of target phenomenaTHREATPhenomena that may injure, destroy, or have other negative effectsTARGETDesired or valued phenomenon to be found or locatedSOLUTIONComposite result of analysis, embodies the application of analysis criteria
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Confirmed Image Schemata
Spatial Relations:
coincide, overlaps, near/far, adjacent, separates/connects, subdivided, contain, above/below (concerning the model rather than real world phenomena)
Logical Relations:
part-of/consists-of, is-a, has-a, same/different
Procedural Relations:
causes/caused-by, stands-for, abstracted-to
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Operations to be hidden from the user
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A first compilation of user-oriented GIS operations
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