GSM - Siemens

Walter KonhäuserVL-Nr. 0432 L 600

ICM Berlin 03 2003 © Siemens, 2003

3 GSM

3.1 General overview

3.2 Architecture

3.3 The Radio Interface

3.4 Signalling

3.5 Radio Resource Management

3.6 Network Management

Content


Reasons for introduction of GSM systems

� Governments, operators and suppliers have strong interests in the introduction of a standard for mobile communication systems for voice and data

� High subscriber capacity

� Improved grade of service quality

� Fully automatic international roaming

� Early demand in some countries

� Universal interfaces for compatibility purpose


GSM/MoU obligations

GSM Global System for Mobile CommunicationsMoU Memorandum of Understanding

1982 Foundation of GSM

1986 Field trails

End 1987 Final drafts of all essential recommendations

Early 1988 Call for tenders

Mid 1988 Final drafts of all other recommendations

1988 Contracts

1991 Pre-Commercial operation

1992 Commercial operation

until 1993 Service for all capitals and major airports

until 1995 Service for all traffic routes between capitals


Basic factors influencing the layout of Cellular Mobile Radio Systems

OptimumCellularSystems

Spectrum Efficiency

Traffic Capacity

(Erl)

CostEffectiveness


Features

� Fully digital transmission

� Enhanced frequency economy

� Privacy

� Improved hand-held viability

� Flexible configuration of networks and services

� International compatibility

� Enhanced services

� Based on field-proven EWSD technology


Services

� Basic services• Telephony• Emergency call• Short message service• Fax Group 3• Data up to 9600 bit/s

� Supplementary services• Closed user group• Multiparty service• Call forwarding• Call hold/call wait• Calling/connected line identification• Subscriber controlled input• Barring of calls• Advice of charge


3 GSM


3.2 Architecture


3.4 Signalling



Content


External Interfaces

GSM

Externalnetworks

Users

Operator


Subsystem of a GSM-PLMN

O O

ARSS

OMS

SSS

Um

to/fromotherNetworks

RSS Radio Subsystem

Um, A, O Interfaces OMS Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Subsystem

SSS Switching Subsystem

GSM-PLMN


Public Land Mobile NetworkPLMN Components

Mobile-

Station

Mobile-

Station

Mobile-

Station

Radio Interface

Mobile Network Components

Base Station Base Station

Mobile Network Components

Base Station

Fixed Network:GatewayExchange

PLMN


Public land mobile network (PLMN)System architecture

Base station system BSS

Operation & maintenance centers

Other networksSwitching subsystem SSS

Data networks

PSTN

ISDN

PLMN

VLRHLR

AC

EIR

MSCTRAUBTS BSC

OMC-SOMC-BMobile station

AC Authentication centerBSC Base station controllerBTS Base transceiver stationEIR Equipment identification registerHLR Home location register

MSC Mobile services switching centerOMC-B OMC base station systemOMC-S OMC switching subsystemVLR Visitor location register


General Definitions� Location Register

To establish a call to a mobile station the network must know where this mobile is located.

� Home Location Register (HLR)A mobile subscriber is registered at one location register which functions as its home center for chasrging and billing purposes and for administering its subscriber parameters.

� Visitor Location Register (VLR)The Visitor Location Register is the location register, other than the HLR, used by an MSC to retrieve information for e. g. handling of calls to or from a roaming mobile station currently located in its area.

� Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)The MSC constitutes the interface between the radio system and the fixed networks. The MSC performs all necessary functions in order to handle the calls to and from the base station.

� Base Station AreaThe Base Station Area is the part of the network covered my a base station. Every mobile station in base station area can be reached by the equipment of the base station.

� Location AreaThe Location Area is defined as an area in which a mobile station may move freely without updating the location register. A Location Area may include one or several base station areas.


Structure of an Intelligent Network (IN)

CCS 7 Network

SSP

User UserUser

Communication InterfaceProgram Interface

Communication Interface

Data -Base

SCP

SMSData -BaseCommunication Interface

X.25

CCS 7: common channel signaling system no. 7

SMSService Management System- Management of data and statistics- Introduction of new services- Service updates

SCPService Cotrol Point- Data base for service control

• Introduction of new services• Service authentification

SSPService Switching Point- Service access- Service processing


Mobilkommunikationssystem als Intelligentes Netz

CCS 7 Network

SSP

Teilneh-mer

(User)

Teilneh-mer

(User)

Teilneh-mer

(User)


Program Interface


Data -Base

SCP

SMSData -Base


X.25

SMSService Management System- Management of data and statistics- Introduction of new services- Service updates

SCPService Cotrol Point- Data base for service control

• Introduction of new services• Service authentification

SSPService Switching Point- Service access- Service processing

Fernvermittlungsstellen (oberste Ebene)

PSTN(national)

PLMN

Datenbasen(SCP)

OAMC(SMS)

MCP (SSP) MCP (SSP)

BSSBSS

Funk-zelle

MSMS

Nationale und Internationale Luftschnittstellefor MS

BSS: Base Station System

MS: Mobile Station

MSC: Mobile Services Switching Center

CCS 7: Common Channel Signaling No 7

PSTN: Public Switched Telefone Network

OAMC: Operation, Administration, Maintenance Center

InternationaleSchnittstelle

CCS 7

Funkfeld

CCS 7

CCS 7

zu anderenPLMN


GSM – PLMN Referenzkonfiguration

BS Base StationCC Channel CodingCCU Cannel Coding UnitIWE Interworking EquipmentIWF Interworking FunctionL2R Layer 2 Relay FunctionMSC Mobile Service Switching

CenterMT Mobile TerminalRA Rate AdaptionRFM Radio Frequency

ManagementRLP Radio Link ProtocolTE Terminal EquipmentTRAU Transcoding and Rate

Adaption

3,4 + 12,6 kb/s

3 + 13 kb/s13 kb/s

3,6 kb/s6 kb/s

12 kb/s

64 kb/s

8 kb/s16 kb/s

Netzzugangspunkt

TRAU

Luftschnittstelle

Interworking -Funktion = IWF

(IWE)

Vermittlungs-funktionCCU

MTRFM TRAU-Frame

(20 ms)

MSC

Mobile Station (MS)

TE MTRFM

Luftschnittstellen-Verbindungselement

BS- MSC/IWFVerbindungselement

CC CCRA RA

L2R/RLP L2R/RLPGSM-PLMN Verbindungstyp (Connection Type)

GSM-PLMN Verbindung (Connection)

Netzzugangspunkt

Daten

0,3 kb/s1,2 kb/s2,4 kb/s4,8 kb/s9,6 kb/sSync/Async.

8 kb/s16 kb/s

22,8 kb/sDaten

0,3 kb/s1,2 kb/s2,4 kb/s4,8 kb/s9,6 kb/sSync/Async.

64 kb/s16 kb/s

Sprache

64 kb/sSprache

16 kb/s22,8 kb/s 64 kb/s


Microwave: Products/Systems

• PtP Radio Links• PmP Radio Links• WLL Access Systems

•• PtPPtP Radio LinksRadio Links•• PmPPmP Radio LinksRadio Links•• WLL Access SystemsWLL Access Systems

MSCMSCMSCMSCBTSBTSBTSBTSNodeNodeNodeNodeBBBB

BSCBSCBSCBSCRNCRNCRNCRNC

OMCOMCOMCOMCBTSBTSBTSBTSNodeNodeNodeNodeBBBB

BTSBTSBTSBTSNodeNodeNodeNodeBBBB

PtP PmP


3 GSM


3.2 Architecture


3.4 Signalling



Content


GSM Multiple Access Scheme (FDMA/TDMA)

1 Zeitschlitz

1 TDMA-Rahmen≈ 4,615 ms

(1250 Bits)

Zeitschlitz-nummer

3

2

1

0

7

6

5

4

Frequenz

Zeit

≈ 0,577 ms(156,25 bits)

200 kHzFunkkanal


Strukturbaum der logistischen (funktionalen) Kanäle

TCH/FSTraffic Channel Full rate for SpeechTCH/HSTraffic Channel Half rate for Speech

TCH/F…Traffic Channel Half rate for Data

TCH/F…Traffic Channel Full rate for Data

LogicalChannels

TCHTraffic

Channel

CCHControl Channel

SACCHSlow Associated Control Channel

FACCHFast Associated Control Channel

SDCCHStand AloneDedicated Control Channel

BCCHBroadcast Control ChannelFCCHFrequency Correction Channel

SCHSynchronization Channel

PCHPaging Channel

RACHRandom Access Channel

AGCHAccess Grant Channel

ACCHAssociated

Control Channel

DCCHDedicated

Control Channel

UPCH User Packet Channel

BCHBroadcast Channel

CCCHCommon

Control Channel

Speech

Data

USCUser Specific

Channel

CACCommon

Access Channel


3 GSM


3.2 Architecture


3.4 Signalling



Content


Functional planes

OAM

MM

RR

CM

Operator User

Transmission

OAM: Operation, Administration and Maintenance

CM: Communication Management

MM: Mobility Management

RR: Radio Resource Management


GSM Signalling ArchitecturerelayMSC

anchorMSC

RIL 3 - CC

RIL3 - MMMAP/D

RIL3 - RRRSM BSS MAP MAP/E

TCAP

SCCP SCCP SCCPLAPDm LAPD MTP MTP MTPLayer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1

RR

CM

MM

MS

Abis -

BSCBTS HLR

InterfaceA -

RIL3: Radio Interface Layer 3

MAP: Mobile Application Part

RSM: Radio Subsystem Management

BSSMAP: Base Station System Management

TCAP: Transaction Capabilities Application Part

SCCP: Signalling Connection Control Part

LAPD: Link Access Protocol

(LAPDm): for the D-Channel(Dm-Channel)

MTP: Message transfer part


Protocols and Interfaces

CC MM RF

L2L1

GSMAirInterface

ISDN

PSTN

otherNetworks

MS

X

BSTline signalling

ISUP

SCCP

MTP

CCS7

CCS7

RSSMAP

DTAP

RSSAPSCCPMTP

MAP

TCAP

SCCP

MTP

HLR VLR AC EIR

MSCCCS7

e.g.MFC-R2

PLMN

OMC

X.25

BSC

OMPR

X.25


Protokollstruktur SSS

MTP Massage transfer part(Physikalischem Sicherungs-, Vermittlungsebene)

SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part(Adressierung und Lenken vonNachrichten - auch über Grenzen

eines Netzes)

ISUP ISDN User Part

BSSAP Base Station System Application Part(Auf der A-Schnittstelle MSC – BSC)

TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part(Basis für Transaktions-Abwicklungen)

MAP Mobile Application Part(Mobilfunkspezifische, transaktions-orientierte Nachrichten zwischen Einheiten der SSS)

L T G

M T P

S C C P

M A P

T C A P

I S U P

B S S A P

C P

C P

L T G

C P, L T G

C C N C


3 GSM


3.2 Architecture


3.4 Signalling



Content


Radio Resource Management

The technological field of Radio Resource Management is signalling GSM signalling is a split in three functional domains:

– Communication Management

– Mobility Management and

– Radio Resource Management

In a cellular system like GSM, a dedicated channel over the radio interface is provided to the mobile stations only on demand and for the duration of the call. Therefore two features are needed:

– Dynamic channel allocation (dedicated mode and idlemode) and

– Handover.


RR, MM und CM-Layers� Radio Resource Management (RR)

The role of the radio resource management layer is to establish and release stable connections between mobile stations and an MSC for the duration of a call for instance, and to maintain them despite user movements. It must cope with a limited radio resource (and the corresponding terrestrial resources) and share it dynamically between all needs. The functions of the RR layer are mainly performed by the handover process lies entirely within the RR layer, part of the functions implemented in the MSC are within the RR domain, in particular the ones related to inter-MSC handovers.

� Mobility Management (MM)The machines concerned with mobility management are mainly the mobile station (and more precisely the SIM inside the mobile station), the HLR and the MSC/VLR. The management of the security functions are done by the same machines, and more particularly by the AuC inside the HLR. The BSS is not concerned with the MM plane.

� Communication Management (CM)The functions of the communication management layer, or CM layer, consist in setting up calls between users at their request, as well as of course maintaining these calls and releasing them. It includes the means for the user to have some control over the management of the calls he originates or receives, though the “Supplementary Services”. The variety of the Communication Management functions makes it easier to describe as three sub-domains.


RR-session and RR connection

MSC

anchor MSC

MSC

BSCBSCBSC

BTSBTSBTSBTS

relay MSC

A - Interface

Abis - Interface

CM transactions

BTS

anchor MSC

relay MSC

BSC

inter-MSC handover

inter-BSC handover

intra-BSC inter-BTS handoveror change of channel on same BTS

RR-connection

RR-session


3 GSM


3.2 Architecture


3.4 Signalling



Content


Operation and Maintenance Subsystem

OMS-Tasks

Configuration Management

Performance Management

Security Management

Fault Management

Accounting Management


Mobile Markets – Challenges

� Centralisation � Specialisation � Full automation of

operational process� Customer orientation

• Increasing competition• Invest in UMTS• Increasing complexity• Up-coming data services• Market consolidation

� New service propositions� Quality of service� Customer satisfaction� Time-to-service� OPEX

Market Trends

MNO Challenge

MNO Strategy for OSS

Network Management Challenge� Increasing complexity

of multi-standard mobile networks

� Shorter innovation cycles of network elements & services

� New NM paradigms through IP and NG OSS/eTOM

� From network to service centric operations

� Decrease of Systems Integration Tax

NG OSS New Generation Operations Services and Software

eTOM enhanced Telecom Operations Map


Initial Roll-out

Commercial Operation

Operators’ priorities have changed significantly

Today's focus of operators on CAPEX and availability will shift towards total cost of ownership

O&M the decisive differentiator for the manufacturer

� Price (CAPEX) + OPEX� Network Growth� Network Quality� Network Optimization

& Performance

Business Drivers

� Price (CAPEX)� Time to Service


Economical Solutions

Understand the organization and cost structure of the mobile operator� Analysis of business and operational processes� Identification of OPEX saving measures

GSM GPRS UMTS

... Process... ProcessAutomation ...Automation ...

Network Size and Complexity

OPEX

OPEX55%

Licence30%

CAPEX15%

Efficient operational concepts� Excellent mobile network usability

with intuitive management � Automation of operational processes

by Self-Optimizing-Networks, Auto-discovery ...

Optimal tailored network and service management solutions meeting mobile operator needs� Hiding network complexity � Full service orientation


Network Management Landscape

ServiceFulfillment

ServiceAssurance

ServiceBilling

Mobile OSS

Microwave

Mobile Radio

Enabling Services

IP and 3rd partyequipment

Element Managers

Mobile Data IMSMobile Core

OSS

Open InterfacePolicy

OwnProducts

MessageCoordinator

IP Manager

Radio Commander

@vantage Commander

Switch Commander

Netviewer

Interfaces

Applications


NetViewer NME

O&M Microwave (SDH, PDH and ATM based products)� Fault, configuration and performance management

of all SMC microwave links, security� Different transport technologies: SDH, PDH, ATM� Full range of payload capacity: 2x2 … 8x155 Mbit/s� Various topological scenarios

(point-to-point vs. point-to-multipoint; ring vs. tree, ...)� Friendly and useful graphical user interface (GUI)

Benefits� Standard platform (MS Windows) reduces

training and operating costs� Capability to manage the whole microwave

catalogue and 3rd party devices� Scalability in accordance with the network growth

Managed objects: SRA family, SRT family,

SRA L family, SkyWeb P-MPSDH Synchronous Digital HierarchyPDH Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode …


Radio Commander

O&M Radio (Radio Access Network)� Fault, configuration, performance, security and

software management� Future-proof and scalable system architecture� Value-adding application O&M ToolSet� Comfortable graphical user interface (GUI)

and command line interface (CLI)� Open and standardized interfaces, e.g. MCCM

Benefits� Management of 2G and 3G networks by

one user interface reduces training and operating costs and saves investment

� Scalability for a quick and cost efficient network growth

� Open interfaces for a smooth integration into the multi-vendor environment

Managed objects: BTS, BSC, TRAU

NodeB, RNC


Switch Commander

O&M Core� Fault detection and reparation for mobile core technologies� Configuration, Performance measurements� Value added applications: Network Configuration

Management (NCM), backup & restore� Authorization and access control� Remote access to its graphical user interface (GUI) and

automation tools

Benefits� Investment protection by management

of 2G and 3G networks with one GUI� Scalable, adaptable to

network changes and extensions� Efficiency by customizable user

interface and unified look-and-feel for all managed elements.

Managed objects: e.g. SGSN, MSC


IP Manager

Benefits� Increased operating efficiency

through a highly integrated O&M solution for multi-vendor IP-based network elements

� High scalable (network growth),high flexible operational area

� Independent rollout schedules and release cycles possible

� Flexible 3rd party integration

O&M for 3rd party IP/IT based network elements� Fault, configuration, performance and security management� Powerful integration of OEM capabilities� Telnet for mass data configuration� Value adding applications: e.g. Mprobes, Watchdog� User friendly and high customizable

graphical user interface (GUI)� Open and standardized interfaces,

e.g. SNMP

Managed objects (e.g. Gateways, Server,

Routers, Firewalls)

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol


Middleware-Commander

Benefits� OPEX reduction due to centralized flexible element

management and backup&restore for different network element types

� Scalability: from small up to large networks� Small-footprint: 1 @vantage Commander manages

whole domain (up to 80 network elements)� Dual vendor strategy: SUN or FSC for servers� “2 in 1” configuration: @vantage Commander and

B&R server on one host.

O&M IN, Charging and IMS� Fault, configuration, load and security management

real-time performance monitoring, backup&restore� Future-proof and scalable system architecture (based on Solaris)� Comfortable graphical user interface (GUI)� Open standard interfaces (SNMP, FTP, Corba, XML)� Carrier grade availability (up to 99.95% for 2 node cluster)

Managed objects: Enabling Services,

(e.g. Charging), IP Multimedia Subsystem,

e.g. HSS, CSCF)

SNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolFTP File Transfer ProtocolCORBA Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureXML Extended Markup LanguageB&R Backup and Restore


Message Coordinator

Charging gateway and billing mediation for offline charging� Multinetwork technology (GSM, GPRS, UMTS)� Multivendor capability� Data collection (FTAM, FTP, GTP´)� GUI with JAVA environment, easy adaptation

to the customer interfaces and its changes� Auditing� Alarming per SNMP

Benefits� Investment protection by support of

2G and 3G networks and IP services� Redundancy (acc to 3GPP) to ensure

transmission security� Comprehensive billing mediation.

(Session)(Service)(Content)BillBillBillBill

Message Coordinator

Session ServiceContent

Billing

Inter Accounting

Call Analysis

Fraud DetectionMSP

GGSN

MSC

SGSN

Mes

sage

Coo

rdin

ator

Radius

Call Data Records (raw)

Consolidated CDRs

FTAM File Transfer, Access and ManagementFTP File Transfer ProtocolGTP GPRS Tunneling ProtocolSNMP Simple Network Management Protocol


Mobile OSS – Open Interface Policy

ElementManagerElement

Manager

NetworkElements

Subscriber MgmtFaultMgmt

OSS SystemsSiemens offers interfaces,

consulting and integration support� Northbound interfaces on

element managers and network elements

� Interfaces are documented in detail

� Interoperability tests offered to mobile operators and to OSS vendors

Benefits� Open access to Siemens Network equipment’s northbound interfaces� Mobile network operators are not restricted to proprietary solutions� Open interfaces cut integration costs

ConfigMgmt

Perform.Mgmt

FM CM PM

ServiceBilling

Service Assurance

Service Fulfillment

GSM - Siemens

Documents

Transcript of GSM - Siemens