Closure of Anterior Palate Fistulae - The Cleft Palate Journal
Growth of Palate and Face
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Transcript of Growth of Palate and Face
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SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
DR. RITU JINDAL NEHA
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF ROLL NO-38
PEDODONTICS B.D.S. IV TH PROF
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INDEX DEFINITIONS
GROWTHDEVELOPMENT
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROWTH ANDDEVELOPMENT
PRENATAL PERIOD* Development of FACE* Development of FACE in LATERAL ASPECT
* Derivation of Part of face
* Development Anomalies of FACE
* Development of PALATE* Anomalies of PALATE
* Classification of CLEFT PALATE
POST NATAL GROWTH OF MAXILLA AND
MANDIBLE
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GROWTH It is defined as developmental increase in mass In other
words, it is a process that leads to an increase in thephysical size of cells, tissues,organism as whole(Stewart 1982)
It refers to an increase in size or number(Proffit 1986)
It is defines as normal changes in the amount of livingsubstance(Moyer 1988)
It is an increase in size of a living being or any of its partsoccuring in process of development(Stedman 1990)
It signifies an increase ,expansion or extension of anygiven tissue(Pinkham 1994)
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DevelopmentAn increase in complexity(Todd 1931)
An increase in skill and complexity offunctions(Lowrey 1951)
It addresses the progressive evolution of atisssue(Pinkham 1994)
It refers to all the naturally occuring unidirectionalchanges in the life of an individual from its existenceas a single cell to its elaboration as a multifunctionalunit terminating in death (Moyer 1988)
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Difference between
Growth and Development
Therefore ,Growth is a dynamic process with a stablepattern of changes resulting in the increase in physicalsize and mass during its course of development thiscan be predicted with reasonable certainty
Therefore Development comprises all the normal
sequential series of events which result in theincreased complexity or maturity in the course ofnatural progression from a single cell to themultifunctional organism ending at death.
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Prenata Per oTOTAL PERIOD OFPRENATAL LIFE :It consist of 40 weeks and
after 28 week the fetus
is consider viablet classified into 3 phases Period of ovum(from
fertilization to 14thday)
Period of embryo(from 14thto56thday)
Period of foetus(56thday tobirth)
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Development of FaceIt includes following parts
Upper face1. Lower lip
2. Upper lip
3. Nose4. Cheeks
5. Eye
6. External ear
Lower face1. Mandible
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Development Face is derived from
following structures that liearound stomodeum:-
1. The frontonasal process
2. The first pharyngeal
/mandibular arch of eachside
The mandibular arch dividesinto :-
1. Maxillary process
2. Mandibular process
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The ectoderm overlying thefrontonasal process soonshows bilateral localizedthickening that are situated
little above the stomodeum. These are called nasal
placodes
These placodes soon sink
below the surface to formnasal pits
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The Edge of each pit are raised above thesurface
1. The Medial raised edge is called theMEDIAL NASAL PROCESS
2. The lateral raised edge is called the
LATERAL NASAL PROCESS
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Upper lip:-Each maxillary process now grows medially and fuses with
lateral nasal process and then with medial nasal process
The medial and lateral nasal processes also fuses with eachother
In this way the nasal pits are cut off from the stomodeumand called external nares
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The Mesodermal lateral part of lip is formed frommaxillary process
The overlying skin derived from ectoderm covering thisprocess
The Mesodermal median part of lip called Philtrum
formed from the medial nasal process
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Lower lip:-1. The mandibular processes
of two sides grow towardseach other and fuse inmidline
2. They now form the lowermargin of stomodeum
3. Thus these mandibularprocess fusion in midlineresult in formation of lower
lip and lower jaw.
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CheeksAfter formation of upper and
lower lip,the stomodeum isvery broad
In its lateral part , it isbounded above by maxillaryprocess and below bymandibular process.
The medial nasal processfuses with maxillary processto form cheek
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NoseTheNOSEdevelop
from:-1. The frontonasal
process2. The medial and
lateral nasal process The medial nasal
process fuses to form
crest and tip of nose The lateral nasalprocess fuses to form
Ala ,lateral wall of
nose
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EYE The region of eye is first seen
as an ectodermal thickening ,
The lensplacode whichappears on the ventro-lateral
side of the developingforebrain lateral to nasalplacode
The lens placode sinks andproduce bulging representfuture eyeball are directedlaterally
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It lie in angle between maxillary processes andlateral nasal processes
With narrowing of frontonasal process they cometo face forward
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Ear It is formed around
dorsal part of the firstectodermal cleft
A series of mesodermal
thickening appear onmandibular and hyoidarch where they adjointhis cleft
Pinna formed by fusionof these thickenings.
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Derivation of Parts of Face
1) Mandibular prominences Lower jaw and lip
2)Frontonasal prominence
Upper part :- Forehead
Lower part :- Nasal PlacodesMedial Nasal process
Nasal Pits
Lateral Nasal process
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3)Lateral nasal process Ala of nose
Lateral wall of nose
4)Medial nasal process Tip of nose
5)Maxillary process Nasolacrimal duct
6)Stomodeum Oral cavity
7)Nasal pits Nasal cavity
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Development Anomalies of Face
Hare lip
Oblique facial cleft
Macrostomia
Microstomia Proboscis
Mandibulo facial dysostosis
Retrognathia Hypertelorism
Congenital lip pits
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Anomalies of face
D t P t
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Deve opment o Pa ate(weeks 5-12)
From each maxillaryprocess, a plate like likeshelfgrows medially this is
called palatine process The palate will be
formed from:-1. The two palatal
process2. A primitive palate
formed fromfrontonasal process
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The fusion begins anteriorly and proceed backwards
At later stage,the mesoderm in the palate undergoesintramembranous ossification to form Hard palate
However ossification does not extend to posterior portion
which remain as soft palate.The part of palate derived from frontonasal process formPremaxillawhich carries incisor teeth.
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Anomalies of Palate
Cleft palateit result in anomalous communications between the mouthand the nose
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Classification of Cleft Palate
Davis and Ritchie
ClassificationVeau Classification
Kernahan Classification
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Davies and Ritchie ClassificationGroup 1: Cleft anterior to
alveolusGroup 2: Post alveolar
clefts
V Cl ifi i
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Group I : Defect of soft palate
only
Group II: Defect involving
hard palate and soft palate
Group III: Defect involving
soft palate to alveolus,usuallyinvolving the lip
GroupIV: Complete bilateralclefts
Veau Classification
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Block 1 and 4 Lip
Block 2 and 5 Alveolus
Block 3 and 6 Hard palateanterior to the incisive foramen
Block 7 and 8 Hard palateposterior to the incisive foramen
Block 9 Soft palateH
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Types of Cleft Palate Deformity
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF
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PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF
MANDIBLE
The lower part of face accompnied by a rodshaped bar called meckelscartilage
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Sutural Growth
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Sutural Growth
There are system of suturesthat unites bone of upperpart of face to the craniuminclude
Frontonasal suture,
Frontomaxillary suture
Zygomatico-temporal
Zygomatico-maxillary
Pterygo-palatine
The growth in these areasserve to move maxilla inforward and downwarddirection
Surface Apposition and
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Surface Apposition and
Resorption
This takes place on most offacial and anterior surface ofmaxilla
Apposition takes place onoutersurface of supraorbitalregion of frontal bone
Similarly resorption on
lateral surface of orbital rimlead to lateral movement ofeye ball
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Bone resorption occur onlateral wall of nose leading to
an increase in size of nasalcavity
Bone resorption seen on floorof nasal cavity to compensatethere is bone deposition onpalatal side
Anterior nasal spineprominence increase due to
bone deposition
Growth of Palate
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Bone deposition alongposterior margin ofmaxillary tuberositycauses lengthening ofdental arch andenlargement of antero-post. Dimension ofmaxillary body
It help to accommodate
erupting molar.andcausing an deepning topalate
Growth of Palate
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Summarize of Maxillary Growth
Length increasesby:-
1. Sutural growth
2. Surface appositionat maxillarytuberosity
Width increasesby:-
1. Growth at medianpalatine suture
2. Apposition atzygomatic bone
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Height
increasesby:-
1. Sutural
growth2. Surface
apposition
3. Alveolargrowth
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POST NATAL Growth Of Lower Face
/Mandible
At birth mandible islittle more curved
bar of boneThe coronoid and
angular and alveolar
processes are notformed
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Coronoid process growsby addition to itsposterior surface andresorption at the anteriorborder
Angle of mandible isaugmented by addition ofbone to the posteriorborder of ramus
The alveolar processgrows upwards andoutwards and forwards
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Summary Of Mandibular Growth
Length increases by:-
Surface apposition at
posterior border of ramusand resorption at anteriorborder
Deposition at chin
Growth at condylar cartilage
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Height increases by:-
Surface apposition at alveolar border Apposition at lower border of
mandible
Growth at condylar cartilage
Width increased by:-
Sutural growth upto ist yearpostnatally
Later surface apposition at outer
surface
M dib l G th
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Mandibular Growth
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REFERENCE Text book of Pedodontics 2ndedition Shobha Tandon
Textbook of Orthodontics 3rdedition M.S.Rani
Textbook of Orthodontics S.I.Bhalaji
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