Growth of a Nation. 1789 – Became the 1 st President. Judiciary Act – 1789- Federal laws would...

Growth of a Nation

1789 – Became the 1st President.

Judiciary Act – 1789- Federal laws would remain the “supreme law of the land.”

George Washington

Cabinet State – Foreign affairs - Thomas

Jefferson War – Military matters – Henry

Knox Treasury – Manage finances–

Alexander Hamilton

Presidents

1. George Washington: 1789-1797 (No party)

2. John Adams: 1797-1801 (Federalist) *

3. Thomas Jefferson: 1801-1809 (Democratic-Republican)

4. James Madison: 1809-1817 (Dem-Rep)

5. James Monroe: 1817-1825 (Dem-Rep)

6. John Quincy Adams: 1825-1829 (Dem-Rep)

Election of 1800 Parties:

Federalist Party turns into the Whig party then eventually the Republican Party

Democratic – Republicans eventually turn into the Democratic Party.

Winner of the election?? Twelfth Amendment




Winner of the election?? THOMAS JEFFERSON Twelfth Amendment:




Winner of the election?? Twelfth Amendment: Election of Executives

Marbury v. Madison What is a Commission? The letter telling you about the new position.

Year? Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

What was unconstitutional? Established??


Year? 1803Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?



Year? Chief Justice of the Supreme Court? John Marshall


Marbury v. Madison What is a Commission? The letter

telling you about the new position. Year? Chief Justice of the Supreme

Court? What was unconstitutional? What

the Supreme Court says.Established??


Year? Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

What was unconstitutional? Established?? Judicial Review

Marshall established that the Supreme Court had the power of Judicial Review . Key principle of checks and balances.

Louisiana Purchase

Date? President?Who helped Lewis and

Clark?

Louisiana Purchase

Date? 1803President?Who helped Lewis and

Clark?

Louisiana Purchase

Date? President? JEFFERSONWho helped Lewis and

Clark?

Louisiana Purchase

Date? President?Who helped Lewis and

Clark? SACAJAWEA

The Sacagawea dollar, first minted in 2000, honors the Shoshone woman who assisted the Lewis and Clark expedition.

War of 1812

War between? Causes: Impressment and… Fort McHenry: Sept. 1814

Francis Scott KeyStar Spangled Banner

USS Constitution – Old Ironside

ConsequencesLed to the end of the Federalists

PartyEncouraged the growth of

American Industries to manufacture products no longer available from Britain because of the war.

Confirmed the status of the U.S. as a free and independent nation.

Monroe Doctrine WHEN? WHO? WHAT? WHY?

One reason: Spain, Portugal trying to regain American colonies.

Monroe Doctrine WHEN? 1823 WHO? WHAT? WHY?


Monroe Doctrine WHEN? WHO? JAMES MONROE WHAT? WHY?


Monroe Doctrine WHEN? WHO? WHAT? WE OWN ALL TO WESTWHY?


Manifest Destiny “Sea to shining sea”We felt entitled to the land – God’s

will. The U.S. population was growing

rapidly. - “ GO WEST, young man!”

INVENTIONS of the time. Eli Whitney - WHEN?

Cotton Gin Increased cotton production /

Robert Fulton Steamboats - WHEN?

Canals: cut transportation costs, opened new trade routes, growth of cities – ex: ERIE canal

Samuel Morse - WHEN? Morse CodeIncreased Communication around the States. Railroads!!

The Constitution is tested.

The American System

When? Who?Major Points? Madison and Clay - support? Tariff of 1816 - Supported by Clay

and Calhoun.

The American System

When? 1815Who?Major Points? Madison and Clay - support? Tariff of 1816 - Supported by Clay

and Calhoun.

The American System

When? Who? HENRY CLAYMajor Points? Madison and Clay - support? Tariff of 1816 - Supported by Clay

and Calhoun.

The American System

When? Who?Major Points?

PROTECTIVE TARIFFSNATIONAL BANKSNATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE -

TRANSPORTATION

The American System

When? Who?Major Points? Madison and Clay - support? YES Tariff of 1816 - Supported by Clay

and Calhoun.

Nullification CrisisSome felt that the states had the right to NULLIFY a federal law that they disagreed with. Called STATES’ RIGHTS

These BOTH adopted the view that states could nullify a federal law.Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions1798 - Jefferson and Madison

Hartford Convention (1814)

Congress

Pass tariffs - 1824 / 1828: Both increased the Tariff of 1816. 1828 - Called: Tariff of

Abominations Tariff: A tax on IMPORTS

Protects the products made and sold here in the USA.

HURTS THE SOUTH: British goods cost more so they would have LESS money to buy COTTON from the south to take back home.

Calhoun speaks out against the tariff. A state should be able to nullify the tariff if they do not agree with it.

1830: Senator Daniel Webster

Spoke against NullificationConstitution is “BY THE PEOPLE”,

not BY the states“Liberty and Union, now and

forever, one and inseparable.” The Supreme Court determines

whether a law is valid.

Closer to secession1832:A new tariff is passed

Lowered the tax by 10%South Carolina – not low

enough!passed a law voiding the tariff Banned collection of taxes

President Andrew JacksonHe proposed a Force Bill (1833) -

He will use the military to enforce the federal laws.

Henry Clay (Speaker of the House)Proposed a gradual reduction of

tariffs over the next 10 years. South Carolina gave in (for now!!!)

Causes of the Civil War

Causes: SectionalismEconomic Factors /States’ Rights

Slavery IssueElection of Lincoln

Sectionalism

North, South and West – felt a greater loyalty for their own section – NOT the whole Union

Slave or Free land???Between 1820 and 1850 they set up

a series of compromises to pair new free and slave states. Ex: Missouri Compromise

North and South wanted to make sure they would not be outvoted in the Senate. In 1821 there were 24 states: 12 free / 12 slave

Slavery IssueAbolitionists: wanted to end

slaveryEX: Frederick Douglas

Uncle Tom’s CabinUnderground RailroadDred Scott Decision

Frederick Douglass

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Harriet Tubman

DRED SCOTT

DRED SCOTT V. SANFORD (1857)

A Missouri slave that was moved to a free state, Illinois.

Sued for freedom in federal courtLost and appealed to the Supreme

Court.

DRED SCOTT V. SANFORD (1857)RESULTS

SUPREME COURT RULED:African-Americans not citizensDred Scott had no right to sueHe had no right to file a lawsuitHe must remain a slave

Three-Fifths Compromise (1787)

For each slave - counted as three-fifths of a person. Decides the distribution of taxes

and deciding the members of the House of Representatives and the Electoral College

Pro-slave Southerner’s argued that slaves were better treated than Northern Factory workers.

Election of 1860Candidates?

With outcome, several Southern states seceded

Formed? Lincoln refused to recognize their

secession and resolved to PRESERVE THE UNION.

President Abraham Lincoln

Confederate States – 11 Total

South Carolina on Dec. 20, 1860. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana Jan.1861. Feb 1861, Texas seceded, and later in that year Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee

Union

23 states / Pop. 23 million Economy: 100,000 factories 20,000 miles of railroad 189 million in bank deposits /

$56M in gold

Confederacy

11 states / Pop. 9 million Economy: 20,000 factories /

9,000 miles of railroad, $47M in bank deposits /$27M in

gold

Confederate Flags

Leadership – CONFEDERACY

Jefferson Davis - President

Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia - Vice president.

(May 1861) capital was at Richmond, VA

Fort Sumter, South Carolina: ??

Events July 21, 1861: First Battle of Bull

Run: Union realizes war will take longer.

Emancipation Proclamation:???? France/England decide not to

recognize the Confederacy – they would not endorse slavery.

Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863:

Nov. 1864: Reelection of President Lincoln

The end…Civil War 1861-1865 Appomattox Court House:

When? Who? What?Abraham Lincoln assassinated!

When? Who? Next President?


When? APRIL 9,1861 Who? What? Abraham Lincoln assassinated!



When? Who? Lee and Grant Abraham Lincoln assassinated!



When? Who? What? SURRENDER Abraham Lincoln assassinated!




When? APRIL 14, 1861 Next President?



Who? JOHN WILKES BOOTHNext President?


When? Who? What? Abraham Lincoln assassinated!

When? Who? Next President? ANDREW JOHNSON

JOHN WILKES BOOTH

Balcony in Ford’s Theater where Lincoln was shot!

Facts Established that states do not have the right to secede from the Union

Strengthened the federal government

628,000 military deaths (North: 360,000 / South 258,000)

Paved the way for the 13th, 14th, 15th Amendment

RECONSTRUCTION1865-1877

What is it?The period after the Civil WarThe South was in ruins – cities / plantations

Issue: How do we readmit the Confederate States into the Union?

Civil War Amendments13th, 14th and 15th Each state had to follow them.

All about African-Americans

13th – 1865ABOLISH SLAVERY

14th - 1868Gave citizenship to former slaves

Gave all citizens equal protection under the law.

15th - 1870 African American male suffrage

The right to vote shall not be denied to men.

Suffrage = …

The end of an eraReconstruction officially comes to an end when Northern troops withdrew from the South in 1877.

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