INDIA TODAY MEDIA INSTITUTE

GROWTH AND ROLE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA- TELEVISION AND RADIO

SUBMITTED TO- PROF. DEVESH KISHORE

BY- ANUJ SHUKLA

MASS COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION OF TELEVISION

Television in India started with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15 September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started

in 1965 as a part of All India Radio. The television service was extended to Bombay and Amritsar in 1972. Up until 1975, only seven Indian cities had a television service. Television services were separated from radio in 1976. National telecasts were introduced in 1982. In the same year, colour TV was introduced in the Indian market. Indian small screen programming started off in the early 1980s. At that time there was only one national channel Doordarshan, which was government owned. Television has come to the forefront only in the past 21 years

and more so in the past 13. There were initially two ignition points: the first in the eighties when colour TV was introduced by state-owned broadcaster Doordarshan (DD) timed with

the 1982 Asian Games which India hosted. It then proceeded to install transmitters nationwide rapidly for terrestrial broadcasting. In this period no private enterprise was

allowed to set up TV stations or to transmit TV signals.

THE COMING OF TELEVISION

The infrastructure of the media landscape at the time of independence consisted of newspapers a state run radio network a burgeoning commercial film industry and films

division a wig of state apparatus for the dissemination of development education and national integration messages. Other narrow cast and interpersonal media were available such as a

wall newspapers newsletters posters and pamphlets although mainly in urban centres. A vast network of grassroots congress workers had been established to overcome the difficulties of

mass communication during the independence campaign in the 1940s and this network remained strong for sometime disseminating political views from the centre to the regions.

SATELLITE AND BEYOND- TELEVISION IN THE 1970S

Television in the 1970s was positioned within a media landscape that was transforming in volume and form. Magazines and newspapers in English and vernacular languages continued

to proliferate and included foreign titles such as TIMES and NEWSWEEK. The 1970s proved to be a period of marked transition for the development of television for not only the extension of its reach and increasing audience numbers but also a shift to commercialisation

with the introduction of advertising. This period also saw the beginning of India’s indigenous satellite programme with the launch of the satellite instructional television experiment

(SITE). SITE whose main purpose was the dissemination of development messages was also consequential to the generation of national integration .

GROWTH OF TELEVISION

There were initially two ignition points: the first, two events triggered the rapid growth of television in the 1980s. INSAT-1A, the first of the country's domestic communications

satellites became operational and made possible the networking of all of Doordarshan's regional stations. For the first time Doordarshan originated a nation-wide feed dubbed the "National Programme" which was fed from Delhi to the other stations. In November 1982,

the country hosted the Asian Games and the government introduced color broadcasts for the coverage of the games. In this period no private enterprise was allowed to set up TV stations

or to transmit TV signals.

The second spark came in the early nineties with the broadcast of satellite TV by foreign programmers like CNN followed by Star TV and a little later by domestic channels such as Zee TV and Sun TV into Indian homes. When the solitary few soaps like Hum Log (1984), and mythological dramas: Ramayan (1987-88) and Mahabharat (1988-89) were televised,

millions of viewers stayed glued to their sets. Fifty years after it switched on, Doordarshan, India's public television broadcaster, continues to face the trinity of the three R's that haunt

such broadcasters worldwide: REVENUE, RELEVANCE and REACH.

EFFECTS AND ROLE OF TELEVISION

1.Provide New Information: Today TV is the reservoir of information. It gives us information about the nation, world, science, finance and sports etc. There are channels for

the kids for example CN, Pogo etc which entertain our children. Some channels are informative for example Discovery, National Geographic etc by watching these channels we

can get valuable geographical knowledge, history knowledge and knowledge about plants and animals. Today we can get information about sensex and other business related information on our televisions. Some channels are only for the entertainment of the viewers where they

can watch movies and songs.

2.Spreading Cognizance: TV also helps in spreading awareness among people. Due to which there is decrease in dowry system, child marriage (Bal Vivah) etc. From TV people get

information that all these practices are legal offense. TV also helped in spreading the awareness about the education in the society. Nowadays people understand the importance of

education to their children.

TV disseminates information relating to health issues, which in turn helps in decrease in polio patient, TB patient and the population of the country. Today people are getting information related to diseases and there causes from the TV. Yoga also becomes popular among people through the TV. Now people can watch different yoga’s posture through their TV and can

practice at home. There are some programs which gives information related to proper diet to remain healthy and fit.

3.Grooming New Talents: TV also helps in providing platform to new talents. Today there are hundred’s of reality shows on TV , where one can show his/her talent in front of millions

of people. Baba Ramdev is popular in people through TV as so many people watch him through Astha channel. There are so many singing and dance reality shows, where children as

well as youngsters can exhibit their talent.

4.Globalization of Culture: TV assisted in globalization of culture. Due to which people

comes to know the culture of other people. Now Bhangra is not only famous in Punjab but in other parts of country also. Today Yoga is not only practices in India but in other nation also. It also helped in spreading the western culture in our Indian society. All these facts facilitate

in increasing tourism and in the growth of country’s economy.

INTRODUCTION OF RADIO IN INDIA

Broadcasting in India actually began about 13 years before AIR came into existence. In June

1923 the Radio Club of Bombay made the first ever broadcast in the country. This was

followed by the setting up of the Calcutta Radio Club five months later. The Indian

Broadcasting Company came into being on July 23, 1927, only to face liquidation in less than

three years.

In April 1930, the Indian Broadcasting Service, under the Department of Industries and

Labour, commenced its operations on an experimental basis. Lionel Fielden was appointed

the first Controller of Broadcasting in August 1935. In the following month Akashvani

Mysore, a private radio station was set up. On June 8, 1936, the Indian State Broadcasting

Service became All India Radio. The phenomenal growth achieved by All India Radio has

made it one of the largest media organisations in the world. With a network of 262 radio

stations, AIR today is accessible to almost the entire population of the country and nearly

92% of the total area. A broadcasting giant, AIR today broadcasts in 23 languages and 146

dialects catering to a vast spectrum of socio-economically and culturally diverse populace.

Programmes of the External Services Division are broadcast in 11 Indian and 16 foreign languages reaching out to more than 100 countries. These external broadcasts aim to keep the overseas listeners informed about developments in the country and provide a rich fare of entertainment as well. The early history of radio broadcasting in independent India is important because its t he pa r a me te r s f o r t he s ubse quen t r o l e o f t e l ev i s ion i n t he c oun t ry . A t Independence, the Congress government under Jawaharlal Nehru had three major goals: to achieve political integration, economic development and social organization. Broadcasting was expected to play an important role in all the area .The most important challenge the government faced at independence was that of  forging a nation out of the diverse political, religious, geographic and lingual ent ities that composed independent India. In addition to the ter ritories ruled directly by the British, over 500 hundred "independent" princely states had joined the new nation, some quite reluctantly. The country immediately found itself at war with Pakistan over one of those states-- Kashmir. The trauma of the partition of the country into India and Pakistan and the violence between Hindus and Muslims had further weekend the political stability of the country .Broadcasting was harnessed for the task of political nation building. National integration and the development of a "national consciousness" were among the ea r l y ob j ec t iv e s o f Al l I n d i a Rad i o . B r oa dcas t i ng wa s o rga n i zed a s t he s o l e  preserve of the chief architect of this process of political integration for the State .The task of broadcasting was to help in overcoming the immediate crisis of political instability that followed Independence and to foster the long-term process of political modernization and nation building that was the dominant ideology of the newly formed state.

USE OF RADIO

Radio media transmit audio content wirelessly. Radio broadcasting is one-way communication to a broad audience. Radio stations can be linked together in networks. Their content can be information and/or entertainment. Program content can be produced quickly. Broadcasts of audio content also can be sent via cable, satellite and the Internet. Most radio stations broadcast music although some transmit news, sports, talk and

religious programs.

TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY

Radio stations are of several types. The best known are the am and fm stations these includes both commercial public and non profit varieties as well as student run campus radio stations and hospital radio stations can be found throughout the developed world. Although now being eclipsed by internet distributed radio there are many stations that broadcast on shortwave bands using am technology that can be received over thousands of miles.

RADIO IN INDIAN SOCIETY

Radio is to play a significant part in expansion as well as qualitative improvement of education. There are some inaccessible areas in our country where expansion of education has faced difficulties. To a large number of socially disadvantaged children, education is neither meaningful nor interesting.

There has been a growing awareness about the inadequacy of the traditional or formal system of education not only for expansion, but also for improving the standards of education. The need for alternative mass-media is gradually felt along- with non-formal system of education.

Radio is an important instrument to foster the sense of unity and integrity among the people. The cultural programmes, debates, talks, through broadcasts involve a strong desire among the people to know each and other's culture and values.

In order to promote a sense of understanding and unity among people it is an inexpensive, but potential communication medium reaching all levels of people. So its role for national/emotional integration and international understanding is praise-worthy.

Radio is an important instrument to foster the sense of unity and integrity among the people. The cultural programmes, debates, talks, through broadcasts involve a strong desire among the people to know each and other's culture and values.

In order to promote a sense of understanding and unity among people it is an inexpensive, but potential communication medium reaching all levels of people. So its role for national/emotional integration and international understanding is praise-worthy.

CHANGING FUTURE OF RADIO

FM radio stations are one of the most popular entertainment mediums offering millions of Indians a great mix of shows. According to industry experts and analysts, there are 250-300 million radio users today.

With the rollout of FM Phase III licensing, the Indian radio industry is optimistic about its huge growth. Never before has the FM industry so looked forward to a policy getting

implemented. Phase III implementation will bring about a change the industry has never seen before. Over the last two decades, this business has reached a level of maturity where it is in a position to know how to take advantage of all benefits that Phase III will bring in its wake. To get a clearer understanding, one needs to delve a little into the past to see how the industry has reached this far.

When private FM radio was launched in India in 1999, the programming comprised a plethora of music - Hindi film, English pop and rock, Western classical, trivia, and more. FM was dedicated to music and more music.

REFERENCES

INDIAMART.COM RADIO IN NEW AVATAR- DR. AMBRISH SAXENA BROADCAST AND CABLESAT.COM CULTURAL SURVIVAL- DR. B.K AWASTHI HISTORY OF MODERN TELEVISION- A.H KHAN WIKIPEDIA