Seminaron

Aspects of Growth and Development

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Ms. Sushila Preeti

Teacher Assistant 14060273

B.ED

PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

MEANINGPhysical growth and development refers a

process which brings bodily and physiological changes- internal as well as external- in an organism from the conception till his death . Generally these changes take place in the following dimensions :

1. In his gross physical structure

2. In his internal organs

GENERAL PATTERN OF HUMAN PHYSICAL GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT• Increase in Height and Weight• Changes in body proportions• Anatomical growth and development• Growth and development of internal organsa) Nervous Systemb) Muscular Systemc) Circulatory and Respiratory Systemsd) Digestive Systeme) Reproductive System

FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

• The traits and characteristics inherited at the time of conception.

• The physical as well as mental health of the mother during pregnancy.

• Normal or abnormal delivery.

• Nutrition received by the child after birth.

• The living condition – physical ,social and cultural.

• Presence or absence of illness and diseases.

• Proper medical care.

IMPORTANCE AND ITS EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

• Social and emotional adjustment

• Progress of the country

• Needs , desires, interests, attitudes and in a way the over all behaviour of an individual is controlled.

• Arrange school programmes

EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE

• Help in selection of curricular and co-curricular experiences

• Help in learning situations.

• Impart training in problem solving and creative expression

• Help to bring appropriate books suiting

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

INTRODUCTION

Emotional development is one of the major aspects of the human growth and development. Emotions like love, anger ,fear etc. play a great role in development of a child’s personality . Not only his physical growth and development is linked with his emotional make up but his intellectual ,social , moral and aesthetic development are also controlled by his emotional behaviour .

MEANING

According to Crow and Crow

“Emotion is an effective experience that accompanies generalized inner adjustementand psychological stirred – up states in the individual and that shows itself in his overt behaviour .’’

KINDS OF EMOTIONS

Positive Emotions

Negative Emotions

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT DURING ADOLESCENCE

There is a tide which begins to rise in the veins of youth at the age of 11 or 12 . It is called by the name of adolescence . If that tide can be taken at the flood and a new voyage begun in the strength and alone the flow of its current . We think that it will move on to fortune.

FACTORS INFLUENCING EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Health and physical development

Family atmosphere and relationships

School atmosphere and teachers

Social development and peer – group relationship

Neighbourhood , the community and the society

METHODS FOR TRAINING OF EMOTIONS

Repression or Inhibition

Industriousness or mental occupation

Redirection and Sublimation

Catharsis

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

INTRODUCTION

The process of the development of such qualities which brings desirable changes in his social behaviour is referred to as social development of the child.

MEANING

According to SORENSON….

“By social growth and development we mean increasing ability to get along well with oneself and others.’’

According to MRS. HURLOCK…..

“Social development means the attaining of maturity in social relationships.”

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DURING ADOLESCENCE

1) Adolesecence is marked with too much sex consciousness, sexual development and the accompanying attraction for opposite sex.

2) Adolescence is also marked with the increase in friendly realtionships.

3) Adolescence is a period of intense emotions.

4) There area of specific interests and social contacts gets widened during adolescence.

FACTORS AFFECTING SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

1. PERSONAL FACTORSa) Bodily structure and healthb) Intelligencec) Emotional development

2.ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORSa) Family atmosphereb) The school and its atmospherec) Community and Neighbourhoodd) Religious institutions and clubs

ERICKSON’S THEORY OF PSYCHO- SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

NEEDS AND EXPECTATIONS FROM THE INDIVIDUAL

Stages of Psycho- social development

o Trust vs. Mistrust(Infant :Birth to 1.5 years)

o Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt(Toddler: 1.5 to 3 years)

o Initiative vs Guilt(Pre-schooler: 3 to 6 years)

o Industry vs Inferiority( School age child :6 to 12 years)

Needs and Expectations

o Needs maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself , others, and environment.

o Works to master physical environment while maintain self - esteem

o Begins to initiate , not imitate activities, develops conscience and sexual identity.

o Tries to develop a sense of self worth by refining skills.

• Identity vs role confusion(Adolescence:12 to 20 years)

• Intimacy vs Isolation(Young:20 to 45 years)

• Generativity vsStagnation(Middle age adult: 45 to 65 years)

• Integrity vs Despair(Older adult: 65 years onwards)

• Tries integrating many roles into a self – image under role model and peer pressure.

• Learns to make personal commitment to another as spouse, parent or partner.

• Seeks satisfaction through productivity in career , family, and civic interests.

• Reviews life accomplishments., deals with loss and preparation for death.

MENTAL OR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

MEANING

The growth and development of the mental abilities and capacities which helps an individual to adjust his behaviour to the ever changing environmental conditions or to enable him to accomplish a task that needs complex cognitive abilities is referred to as mental or cognitive development.

MENTAL OR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

1. Sensation and preception

2. Concept formation

3. Development of language

4. Development of memory

5. Development of Problem- solving ability

PIAGET’S

THEORY

Piaget’s Theoretical Notions

Cognitive Structure

Cognitive Function

Stages of Intellectual Development

o Sensory – motor Stages(From birth to about 2 years)

o Pre- operational Stages(about 2 to 7 years)

o Concrete operational Stages(about 7 to 11 years)

o Formal operation Stages(about 12 to 15 years)

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF PIAGET’S THEORY

I. Intellectual development are not as uniform.II. Cognitive performance at particular ages is

usually very inconsistentIII. Children below age of concrete operations are

incapable of logical thinking and are egocentric has been refuted by a number of research studies

IV. A child is unable to perform an intellectual taskV. Linked biological maturation with the

development of cognitive abilities

THANK

YOU