Groups in the Periodic Table Another element song: .
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Transcript of Groups in the Periodic Table Another element song: .
Groups in the Periodic Table
http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/IEC/elementsong.html
Another element song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0zION8xjbM&feature=related
The set of elements in the same column in the periodic table is a chemical group.
These elements have similar physical and chemical properties. They form similar compounds when they combine with other elements. Their behaviour can be explained using Bohr-Rutherford diagrams. The key feature is the elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell. These electrons are called VALENCE electrons.
A vertical column of elements in the periodic table is called a Chemical Group.
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table is called a Period.
Alkali Metals – Group #1/1AOuter orbit has only one electronLithium (Li), Sodium(Na), Potassium (K),
Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), Francium (Fr)Shiny, silvery-grey, softer than most
other metals, malleable, ductile, conduct electricity and heat
Very reactive – combine with other elements easily, reacts vigorously with water to make H2 gas
Found in nature only as compounds
Alkali metals can explode if they are exposed to water.
Let’ See some Alkali metals!Li - demoNa - demoK –demoWhat do you notice about the reaction of these?
RbCsFr
Videos of Li to Cs
Brainiac Version (3:17): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCk0lYB_8c0&feature=related
Another Version(2:22): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk
Why no Fr?(3:07): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyFLvSg6ZDw
Alkaline Earth Metals – Group #2/2AOuter orbit has 2 electronsBeryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium
(Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Radium (Ra)
Shiny metals
Reactive
Form compounds that are often insoluble in water.
Because of their reactivity, not found free in nature.
Halogens – Group #17/7A
Outer orbit has 7 electrons.Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br),
Iodine (I), Astatine (At)
Non-metals, each has noticeable colour
Very Reactive, very corrosive
Found in nature as compounds
Term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts“
Halogen song (3 min): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qvs4NTB71uY&NR=1Comparing 4 halogens (4 min): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2ogMUDBaf4&feature=related
Noble Gases – Group #18/8AOuter orbit of electrons is full
with 8, making them stable.Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar),
Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn)
Gases at room temperatureOdourless, colourless, tasteless
Very stable and inert – they rarely form compounds
If an electric current is passed through each gas, each will glow brightly (ex. Neon signs)Discharge Tube Demo
Comparing 5 noble gases(1:17 min): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLrofyj6a2s&feature=related
Mythbusters Why He changes voice (0.39 min): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-XbjFn3aqE&NR=1
Hydrogen (H) (Group of one)
Unique.
One electron in its outer orbit – reactive.
Colourless, odourless, tasteless gasVery reactive - highly flammable
When reacting: sometimes it loses its electron, sometimes it gains an electron
Unstable electronic structureMain element in living things, oil,
coal, natural gasH Balloon Demo
Hindenburg: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H47x9q5-C2k&feature=player_embedded#!
MetalloidsNot really a group by
themselves.Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium
(Ge), Arsenic (As), etc… Found on the right hand side of
the periodic table on either side of the zig-zagzig-zag line separating metals and non-metals.
Have both metallic and non-metallic properties.
Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors
Home Fun :
1) Read pages 178-183.
a) Define alloy and provide an example.
b) Answer #1-5 on page 183
2) Read pages 193-195
a) Answer #1, 2 on page 195