Groups and Teams
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Transcript of Groups and Teams
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18-1
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1. A definition of the term group as used in the context of management
2.A thorough understanding of the difference between formal and informal groups
3.Knowledge of the types of formal groups that exist in organizations
4.An understanding of how managers can determine which groups exist in an organization
5.An appreciation for what teams are and how to manage them
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A Group is any number of people who:
1. Interact with one another
2. Are psychologically aware of one another
3. Perceive themselves to be a group
Why managers should study groups:
1. Exist in all kinds of organizations
2. Form in all facets of organizational existence
3. Cause either desirable or undesirable consequences
4. Raise the probability of causing desirable consequences
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Formal Groups
• Kinds of Formal Groups
Command groups
Task groups
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Formal Groups (continued)• Examples of Formal Groups
Committees
Reasons for establishing committees:
1. Allow organization members to exchange ideas
2. Generate suggestions and recommendations
3. Develop new ideas for solving existing organizational problems
4. Assist in the development of organizational policies
Why Managers Should Use Committees Improve quality of decision making
Encourage expression of honest opinions
Increase members’ participation in decision-making
Ensure representation of important groups in decision-making process
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Formal Groups (continued)• Examples of Formal Groups (continued)
Committees (continued) What Makes Committees Successful Procedural Steps
Define goals clearly, preferably in writingSpecify authorityDetermine optimum sizeSelect chairpersonAppoint permanent secretaryDistribute agenda and support material before meetingStart meetings on time and announce ending time at outset
People-Oriented GuidelinesRephrasing ideas already expressedBringing all members into active participationStimulating further thought by members
Groupthink
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Formal Groups (continued)• Examples of Formal Groups (continued)
Work Teams Special-Purpose and Self-Managed Teams
• Stages of Formal Group Development The Acceptance Stage The Communication and Decision-Making Stage The Group Solidarity Stage The Group Control Stage
Members function as a unitMembers participate effectively in group effortMembers are oriented toward a single goalMembers have equipment, tools, and skills necessary to attain
goalsMembers exchange suggestions, opinions, and information
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Informal Groups• Kinds of Informal Groups
Interest groups
Friendship groups
• Benefits of Informal Group Membership
1. Perpetuation of social and cultural values
2. Status and social satisfaction
3. Increased ease of communication
4. Increased desirability of the overall work environment
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Determining Group Existence
• Sociometric Analysis
• Applying the Sociogram Model
Understanding the Evolution of Informal Groups
• Homans’ Model
• Applying the Homans Model
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Groups Versus Teams
Groups consist of people who:
Interact with one another
Are psychologically aware of one another
Think of themselves as a group
Team is a group whose members:
Influence one another toward the accomplishment of objective(s)
Types of Teams in Organizations
• Problem-Solving Teams
• Self-Managed Teams
• Cross-Functional Teams
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Stages of Team Development
• Forming
• Storming
• Norming
• Performing
• Adjourning
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Team Effectiveness
People-related steps:
1. Trying to make the team’s work satisfying
2. Developing mutual trust among team members andbetween the team and management
3. Building good communication
4. Minimizing unresolved conflicts and power struggles within the team
5. Dealing effectively with threats toward and within the team
6. Building the perception that the jobs of team members are secure
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Team Effectiveness (continued)
Organization-related steps:
1. Building a stable overall structure that team members view as secure
2. Becoming involved in team events and demonstrating interest in team progress and functioning
3. Properly rewarding and recognizing teams for accomplishments
4. Setting stable goals and priorities for the team
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Team Effectiveness (continued)
Task-related steps:
1. Developing clear objectives, directions, and project plans for the team
2. Providing proper technical direction and leadership for the team
3. Establishing autonomy for team and challenging work within the team
4. Appointing experienced and qualified team personnel
5. Encouraging team involvement
6. Building visibility within the organization for the team’s work
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Trust and Effective Teams
Communicate often to team members
Show respect for team members
Be fair to team members
Be predictable
Demonstrate competence
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