Group libra employment opportunities

POST-GRADUATION EMPLOYMENT

OPPORTUNITIES

“Is there a difference between law graduates with a masters´ degree

from Bifröst University and the University of Iceland in terms of

employment opportunities after graduation?”

2005-2009.

26. March 2012

GROUP MEMBERS

Anna Rósa Guðmundsdóttir

Friðrik Gestsson

Guðrún Lilja Magnúsdóttir

Gunnar Jökull Karlsson

Jón Fannar Hafsteinsson

Ollý Björk Ólafsdóttir

Ólafur Ísak Friðgeirsson

1

CONFIRMATION ON A TERM PROJECT

Term project is independent and every group chooses its own subject. The term project is

done by certain instructions and rules and is therefore required to live up to the standards of

Bifröst University.

The University thanks all those who helped students with their preparation and the progress of

the projects.

Bifröst hopes that every project will help to contribute and improve the development for all

those involved.

Teachers at Bifröst University have addressed the final assignment and evaluated it compared

the rules of the department.

Project title:

Group Libra

Bifröst University, 26. March 2012

Grade: ________

___________________________________

School stamp

2

AUTHOR´S STATEMENT

We as authors of this term project declare that this is our independent work and we all

contributed equally. All of our work was discussed and agreed, by every member of the

group. All of our resources will be cited and we did our best to follow the rules of the course

as well as the rules of Bifröst University. It is our goal to define and categorize the difference

in job opportunities between the University of Iceland´s and Bifröst University´s law post

graduates, and we do so through interviews and surveys. Through our research we shall give a

final conclusion as well as give our thoughts on why there is a difference, if any.

Bifröst University, 26. March 2012

_________________________ __________________________ Anna Rósa Guðmundsdóttir Friðrik Þór Gestsson

_________________________ __________________________

Guðrún Lilja Magnúsdóttir Gunnar Jökull Karlsson

_________________________ _________________________

Jón Fannar Hafsteinsson Ollý Björk Ólafsdóttir

___________________________ Ólafur Ísak Friðgeirsson

3

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this investigative report is to shed a light on job opportunities of newly

graduated law students from Bifröst University1 and the University of Iceland

2 respectively,

and to see if there is a difference between them regarding the aforementioned opportunities.

UI has the oldest law department of all the Icelandic universities. BU, however, is one of the

youngest and focuses on business law as well as giving students the opportunity to take a

masters´ degree in law.

It has been stated that graduates from UI have a better chance of finding work right after

graduation and are considered the better choice by many.

Given the state of affairs in the Icelandic society one would think that it should not be hard for

lawyers to find work and that unemployment is relatively low within their field.

This report is mainly based on interviews with key figures within the two universities as well

as the Directorate of Labour3 and the Lawyers Union

4, and on a survey created and sent to

graduates between the years 2005 to 2009 from both universities, although BU did not

graduate students with a masters´ degree until 2006.

The goal is to find out if there is a notable difference in job opportunities for graduates with a

masters´ degree from these two universities, as well as if there might be any specific

underlying reasons for it.

1 Hereafter known as “BU“

2Hereafter known as “UI“

3Hereafter known as “DOL”

4Hereafter known as “LU”

4

FOREWORD

In January 2012, seven students from the foundation program at BU were discussing what job

opportunities they would have after graduation from the law department at BU, should they

decide to enrol. It was agreed upon that it would be interesting to see the difference between

BU and UI in terms of post-graduation job opportunities for students with a masters´ degree in

law.

They decided to narrow it down to the years between 2005 and 2009, before and after the

collapse of the Icelandic banks. The group’s opinion was that the crisis was an opportunity for

lawyers, since the number of court cases has multiplied in the past years. Hence it should be

easier to find work.

The authors believe that this research could benefit BU in improving their law department,

should the results be negative, in terms of revising the program and the teaching methods

should it be necessary.

5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

CONFIRMATION ON A TERM PROJECT ............................................................................. 1

AUTHOR´S STATEMENT ....................................................................................................... 2

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 3

FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................. 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... 5

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 6

2. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................. 7

3. EMPLOYMENT AND OPPORTUNITIES AMONG LAWYERS IN GENERAL ............. 9

4. SURVEY .............................................................................................................................. 10

5. CURRICULAR DIFFERENCES ......................................................................................... 11

5.1. Bifröst University ......................................................................................................... 11

5.2. University of Iceland .................................................................................................... 12

5.3. Regarding the curricular differences ............................................................................. 12

6. FINDING EMPLOYMENT ................................................................................................. 16

7. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................... 20

8. FINAL WORDS ................................................................................................................... 21

CREDITS ................................................................................................................................. 22

BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................... 23

APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................... 25

6

1. INTRODUCTION

Graduation is a happy day. As newly graduated lawyers get ready to take on life and law with

enthusiasm there are many things to consider. First of all, naturally, they need to find a good

job, and that is where things might get a little complicated. Why? Because when you go and

explore the market for graduate lawyers it seems to matter which university you get your

degree from, as it has been stated that graduates from UI have a better chance of finding work

right after graduation and are considered the better choice by many.

Group Libra decided to research this matter and compare newly graduated lawyers from BU

and the UI. As the research progressed the group found out that there seems to be some

difference in opportunities for lawyers from these two institutions. It seems like the biggest

decision for a college student that wants to study law is not how to do it then rather where to

do it. Of course, in the end, everyone makes their own fortune and you are as good at your job

as you want to be.

Is there a difference between law graduates with a masters´ degree from Bifröst University

and the University of Iceland in terms of employment opportunities after graduation? We did

research this matter thoroughly and, as it progressed, with growing interest. This report

contains the results from Group Libra.

7

2. METHODOLOGY

The goals of this report are to gather information and data on the subject, then compare them

in an impartial way so that we are able to bring forward a conclusion to this research.

Our research consists of interviews with experts and people with a lot of knowledge in their

field and, in particular, the knowledge concerning our research, their opinion as well as the

data they provide, will be used in our report. We also conducted a paper and pencil

questionnaire via the internet. The survey was mirrored to a different study conducted three

years ago, and the methodology surrounding that study will be addressed in the next chapter.

The face to face method was used on all of the experts, as well as on all of the people with

extended knowledge of the subject for several reasons. First of all the respondents were

needed to give a full and accurate answer which might not have surfaced in a phone call or

paper-to-pencil survey. Second, the questions used were open and allowed for long and out of

context answers surrounding areas of the question that the group could not have foreseen. In

this part of the research it must be taken into account that possible biases towards their

institution, or in this case their school, may have surfaced. Most of the interview content will

therefore not be presented as facts but more as opinions from experts.5

During the research of the material, the group came across a very well conducted survey

which met most of its information requirements. The only problem was that it only contained

information from one of the two universities. It was then decided to mirror the BU survey

with the exact same wording and methodology as the UI survey due to the amount of work

and money that would go into conducting our original survey on both of the schools. There

are some obvious flaws in this method, and one is that the original survey was conducted

partly on pupils just one year after their graduation where as our survey takes place three

years after graduation. This may result in memory problems and, therefore, an inaccuracy in

any given answer is a possibility.6

In most of the interviews the purpose of the research paper was fully disclosed so that we

would not be unethical. However, it would not be of any harm if less information was given

5 Hoyle, Rick H., Harris, Monica J., Judd, Charles M. (2002), pages 101-102


8

due to the group’s desire to receive unbiased answers. Since the people interviewed were

mostly giving opinions or data on their area of expertise, it is difficult to tell if information

was withheld or the answers were completely unbiased.

In the survey conducted, it was not mentioned that the answers would be directly compared

with answers from the survey conducted by UI, due to the fact that in their survey UI never

informed their participants that any comparison would be made with their answers. By

bending the ethical part the group preserves the unbiased part which it believes is more

important for the conclusion. The ethical part’s main reason for existence is to prevent harm

on the participants, and when there is no harm, the group sees no problems regarding the

methodology in that particular area.7

The data was largely based on interviews with experts and here is a list of the people and their

titles;

Róbert Spanó, Dean of law, University of Iceland.

Alma Möller, Faculty Director, law department, University of Iceland.

Bryndís Hlöðversdóttir, Dean of Bifröst University.

Halldór K. Valdimarsson, director of the Lawyers Union.

Frank Friðrik Friðriksson, senior economist, Directorate of Labour.

María Þorgeirsdóttir, former masters´ program coordinator at Bifröst University.

Two surveys were used; one conducted by the social science department at UI, and the second

was created by the group that mirrored the other study. The data collected through these

interviews and surveys will be the main data resources in our conclusion. Both of the surveys,

as well as the interviews, will be displayed as a whole along with other appendices. We may

also include data from Statistics Iceland as it may be relative.


9

3. EMPLOYMENT AND OPPORTUNITIES AMONG LAWYERS

IN GENERAL

Having a law degree offers a wide range of work in all sorts of different areas. As a lawyer it

is possible to find work in various fields within the job market. Lawyers can be found in

politics, law firms, private companies, the civil sector, teaching positions, consultancy firms

and almost everything in between. Therefore, it can be assumed that people with a degree in

law have a rather low unemployment rate.8

Knowledge of the law has been a key factor in society for hundreds of years. Lawyers have

integrated themselves into all sectors of our society. Today there are four Icelandic

universities that have law departments and graduate lawyers. Our society demands lawyers in

many key positions in the private sector. Business lawyers have been very popular in larger

bookkeeping firms, in the internal revenue office, customs and many other government

institutions. Our fast growing market society now demands that lawyers have more business

knowledge than it used to. The knowledge of law combined with business knowledge is an

emerging form of education. Most disputes in society itself can be resolved by lawyers, in a

court of law. While our society is governed by laws and rules, lawyers will always be needed

in key positions.9

According to the DOL, unemployment numbers for lawyers are not very high. For example,

the estimated unemployment rate within the lawyers´ union is below 3% on average and has

been around 2% in the last years. 10

In January 2012 there were about 65 individuals listed as

lawyers on the unemployment list. There was an increase in unemployment following the

collapse of the Icelandic banks in 2008. Compared to other sectors of society, lawyers do not

have a high unemployment rate. Before the financial meltdown there were eight persons with

a law degree listed as unemployed on average. After the financial meltdown that number rose

to 35 and now up to 65 persons with a law degree listed as unemployed with a law degree on

average. 11

8Results from surveys. See app. I and II

9 Hlöðversdóttir, Bryndís. (Verbal reference. 19. March 2012). See app. III

10Valdimarsson, Halldór. (Verbal reference 14. February 2012). See app. IV

11Friðriksson, Frank Friðrik, (Verbal reference. 15. February 2012). See app. V

10

4. SURVEY

The objective of the survey was to investigate the job opportunities of graduates with a

masters´ degree in law from BU and UI. The survey from UI was sent via e-mail and

activated in the end of November 2009. Up to three reminders were sent to the participants

regarding the survey. There were 264 participants of which four did not receive the e-mail and

one was on leave. Therefore, 259 received the survey with an answering ratio of 192, or

74.1%.

The survey for the BU was sent via e-mail in the end of February 2012 and activated on 28.

February. Up to three reminders were sent to the participants regarding the survey. There

were 48 participants, which four of did not receive the e-mail. Therefore, 44 received the

survey with an answering ratio of 34 or 77.27%.

The BU survey was designed to mirror the UI survey so that the correct methodological

procedures were used.

Sigrún Lilja Einarsdóttir, adjunct at BU´s social science department, assisted with all aspects

of the methodology.

In addition, the surveys from BU and UI can be found in the appendices chapter and as

attachments. This report is intended for comparison between BU and UI. There may be some

differences between the graphs and the number of participants, since some of the questions

might not have been relevant. All comparison graphs between the two universities are created

from the data relevant to each one from the surveys.

11

5. CURRICULAR DIFFERENCES

When studying law, students must bear in mind that there are curricular differences between

BU and UI. There are different emphases and the teaching methods are not the same as well

as the areas of study. Therefore it is necessary to take a better look at these differences in

order to realise where they lie.

5.1. Bifröst University

BU offers a BS degree in law that focuses on business and related subjects, which is unique in

the academic environment in Iceland. The studies are interdisciplinary and largely based on

lectures and practical assignments, where students need to analyse the law in depth. Other

branches, including business economics and management studies along with methodology and

finance, are also part of the curriculum. Meetings in small groups are part of the studies which

gives a chance for more personal contact with teachers and to discuss and work on

assignments. Practical assignments are intended to train the students´ communication skills

and ability to work in groups as well as preparing them for the job market. The number of

assignments is rather higher than in other universities in Iceland and they are also more

comprehensive. BU´s program is computer based for the most part, and it trains students in

using computers and information technology to gather data necessary for their work as these

are essential tools in today´s work environment. After finishing the BS degree, graduates can

access the ML program which is a portal for those who want to enter the more traditional

fields of law. After graduating with a ML degree, students have the option of taking the

Icelandic bar exam, which grants them the required permission to present cases before a court

of law, given that they receive a passing grade. The aim is to graduate lawyers that have

comprehensive knowledge of business based math and executives with a solid law based

education.12

María Þorgeirsdóttir, former master´s program coordinator, says that the strength of the

school is that it is very small, has easy access to teachers, a lot of assignments and a good

connection to the labour market. She also states that interdisciplinary studies such as business

law, offers a wider range in job opportunities.13

12

www.bifrost.is 13

Þorgeirsdóttir, María (Verbal reference. 7. March 2012). See app. VI

12

5.2. University of Iceland

UI offers a BA degree in law based on traditional studies so that students acquire

comprehensive knowledge in the field and learn the necessary methodology required. The

curriculum is mainly based on lectures and discussion groups where students discuss the law

and get advice from those that are in the masters´ program who are also assistant teachers in

the department. Comprehensive assignments are few as the program is lecture and discussion

based, as well as having a large amount of reading material. This is a result of a revision in

UI´s law department after which it was decided to make the program more modern and

interactive. Information technology is not a big part of the studies and students are more or

less self-educated when it comes to using it to gather data. After finishing the BA program,

students have the possibility to access the masters´ degree program where they have an option

to specialise in certain fields of the law. The masters´ degree grants the right to take the

Icelandic bar exam which gives lawyers the right to present cases before a court of law, given

that they receive a passing grade. The goal is to graduate lawyers that have the knowledge and

training necessary to resolve all kinds of legal issues and disputes.14

In the interviews conducted the dean of law at UI talks about their focus and strength of the

law department lies in the depth of their teachings in the theoretical law foundation. The

students are not offered any selection in courses but the selection is found when students

begin the ML program and it is there where they specialize in a particular field.15

5.3. Regarding the curricular differences

There is no right or wrong when it comes to teaching methods, for they have their own

strengths and weaknesses. It is also crucial to look at the bigger picture and appreciate the fact

that there are more ways to become a lawyer than to go to UI. A few years ago UI was the

only institution that offered a law degree, but in recent years three other universities have

started to graduate lawyers from their own masters programs.16

And as Halldór the Director of

LU puts it:

You see, there is nothing as dangerous as the stagnation involved in having only one

university in the country. I have sometimes said, if we take an analogy from nature, having

14

www.hi.is 15

Spanó, Róbert. (Verbal reference. 15. February 2012). See app. VII 16

Valdimarsson, Halldór. (Verbal reference 14. February 2012). See app. IV

13

one institution that teaches a subject as important as law, because law is not only about

society, it actually shapes it. Shapes it and gives us the formulas. If we only have one

institution and that institution shapes the system and vice versa, then we have a cycle that is

completely closed. It is actually like a school that only hires teachers that got their education

at that same school. It is an intellectual and epistemic masturbation and the fact is that

masturbation can never lead to conception. It never creates new life. So it is obvious where

this is headed. It is headed for a closed cycle that in the end becomes nothing. So yes, I think

it is very positive that more universities are available.17

The curricular differences can be seen in the results from the survey that the group conducted.

One of the questions was “overall, how well or badly do you consider that you use the

knowledge that you acquired in your studies in your occupation?” and the results were very

similar from both universities.

18

As shown, the numbers are in favour of BU. Although 92% of UI state that their education is

rather or very useful to them, which is a very high percentage, it can be seen that BU has

100% in the same categories.19

17

Valdimarsson, Halldór. (Verbal reference 14. February 2012). 18

See app. IX (pic. 1) 19

Results from surveys.

49%

43%

7% 1%

56%

44%

0% 0% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Very well Rather well Neither well or badly Rather badly

UI BU

Overall, how well or badly do you consider that you use the knowledge

that you aquired in your studies at UI/BU in your occupation?

14

Although one can be titled as a lawyer after graduating with a masters´ degree, it is necessary

to pass the bar exam to be allowed present cases before a court of law. Bearing that in mind,

one of the most crucial question was how well or badly did the school prepare you for the bar

exam.

20

As shown on the chart, 97% of UI students think that their studies prepared them rather well

or very well for the bar exam, while 58% BU students feel they were rather or very well

prepared.21

20

See app. IX (pic. 2) 21

Results from surveys. See app. I and II

15

A question as to whether they had passed the aforementioned exam was also included and the

numbers were again quite similar.

22

Both schools have around 50% although BU has a slightly higher percentage. It seems that

UI´s focus on the foundations of law and their extensive reading is resulting in a better

outcome in their students preparation for the bar exam. On the other hand, BU students are

slightly better prepared for the actual work that is ahead of them, which can probably be

traced back to BU´s assignment policy.23

The fact that BU´s students feel less prepared and

still have a higher percentage in finishing the bar exam is a very interesting result.

22

See app. IX. (Pic. 3) 23


16

6. FINDING EMPLOYMENT

In the interviews, the group sought out to find out how easy or difficult students think it is to

find work after graduating with a masters´ degree in law.

In an interview with Alma Möller (UI) she stated that many companies and institutions

contact her with the intent of hiring students before graduation. She mentioned UI´s 6 ECT

course, where students have the possibility to work for 3 months within firms and institutions

that often leads to job offers at the end of the course.24

When asked if students graduate from

UI with a job offer, Róbert Spanó (UI) states that it is very common and he believes that more

students graduate with a job offer than not.25

Bryndís Hlöðversdóttir, current dean of BU, was asked if she knew whether students are

joining the workforce or continuing their studies after graduation. Her reply was that most

students go on the job market after graduating with a masters´ degree. Furthermore, she

mentioned that most have found it very easy to find work and are finding it in various parts of

the market. Not only in companies and the financial sector, but also in consultant firms and

tax related jobs. For instance, KPMG´s tax division consists mostly of former BU students.26

The former masters´ programs coordinator, María Þorgeirsdóttir, says that during her time in

that job, the main problem was that students had already gotten jobs before graduation.27

To find an unbiased opinion, the director of the lawyers union was interviewed and asked a

few questions. In relation to whether he is aware of a difference between BU and UI graduates

in terms of job opportunities, his answer was:

Yes. The answer to that is quite simply yes. It depends on which sectors you look at.

Everything related to the system (legal etc.) or conventional legal functions and lawyer work

then the answer is yes, graduates from the University of Iceland are considered as first choice

for those jobs. In regard to other jobs the University of Iceland has an edge there also,

although it is not as obvious or perceptible. And there are lots of things that indicate that

business law is not fully appreciated out on the market. I cannot realise whether it is because

it is not introduced well enough or if it is due to lack of organization. It is however noticeably

24

Möller, Alma. (Verbal reference. 15. February 2012). See app. VIII 25

Spanó, Róbert. (Verbal reference. 15. February 2012). See app. VII 26

Hlöðversdóttir, Bryndís. (Verbal reference. 19. March 2012). See app. III 27

Þorgeirsdóttir, María. (Verbal reference. 7. March 2012). See VI

17

harder to find a job if you graduate from the University of Reykjavik or Bifröst and it does not

only apply to law. The University of Iceland is still “it“. That is just the way it is.28

In this answer from Halldór, it can be seen that UI seems to have an advantage. To find out

why that is. he was asked about the reputation of the universities and if UI had the better one.

There is also something else you have to realise and that is that the University of Iceland and

our current system grew up together. They are actually twins. You (Bifröst) are like an

adopted child that suddenly shows up. It just takes time and it has to define itself within the

family etc. It is not complicated at all. When we look into it, yes I notice a lot of negative

criticism on your school and some say „This education is no good“, and I ask „Why not?“

and the final answer is always „Because it is not the same as in the University of Iceland“.

That is just the standard. Furthermore, as soon as an adopted child shows up it is of course a

bit of a threat to the twins´ status. That is just the way it is.29

A question to how easy or hard it was to find work after graduation was asked, and the results

are very similar.30

31

28

Valdimarsson, Halldór (Verbal reference. 14. February 2012). See app. IV 29

Valdimarsson, Halldór (Verbal reference. 14. February 2012). See app. IV 30

Results from surveys. See I and II 31

See app. IX. (pic. 4)

18

Also asked was if at any point, the graduates were unemployed and there was quite a

difference in the results. However in this specific chart it must be taken into account that the

BU survey is conducted two years later than the UI survey and therefore all of the BU

students have been on the labour market for a longer period of time, which increases the

chances of being unemployed at some point.32

33

32

Results from surveys. See app. I and II 33

See app. IX. (pic. 5)

19

A lawyer´s field of work is very broad and to find out into which sector of the labour market

the students are going, this question was included in the survey.

34

These numbers show that a similar percentage is doing administrative work in the civil sector

although UI´s ratio is a bit higher. It seems that more UI graduates are working in law firms

although it is known that at least three BU students started their own law firms. Their vote

might have gone from “at a law firm” to the “self-employed” category, but even with those

few votes going over it is clear that UI has a higher percentage working at law firms. BU

graduates are relatively more numerous in the financial sector and in the self-employed

category. These results broadly reflect the differences in the academic emphases between the

two universities.35

34

See app. IX. (pic. 6) 35


20

7. CONCLUSION

It is clear that graduates with a masters´ degree in law are sought after in various sectors of

the job market.

After reviewing all the interviews, surveys, and statistics, it is evident that even though UI

graduates more than five times as many lawyers as BU, there seems to be no real difference in

job opportunities between the two universities.

From the survey conducted by UI, as well as the groups´ own survey and interview at LU, it

shows that lawyers who graduate from UI are clearly in demand on the labour market.

However, when comparing the two surveys it became evident that there is no real difference

in employment opportunities, whether you graduate with a masters´ degree from BU or UI.

The question asked in the beginning “Is there any difference between job opportunities for

newly graduated lawyers from Bifröst University and the University of Iceland?” can then be

answered.

Yes, there is a difference in job opportunities in the way of what job sectors the graduates are

entering. There is no real difference in the demand for lawyers from UI or BU.

If we take into account that BU has only been graduating students from the masters´ degree

program since 2006 and that UI has been graduating lawyers since 1911, we can see that the

BU has succeeded in building a law department that is on par with the best in Iceland.

The educational differences between these two universities are very clear. BU´s aim is to

graduate lawyers that have comprehensive knowledge of business based math and executives

with a solid law based education. UI´s goal is to graduate students that have the knowledge

and training necessary to resolve all kinds of legal issues and disputes.

The final conclusion is, that although it has been stated that graduates from UI have a better

chance of finding work right after graduation and are considered the better choice by many, it

seems to have no real foundation. The only notable difference is which sectors of the labour

market they enter after graduation.

21

8. FINAL WORDS

When the members of group Libra started the research on their topic question they

immediately stumbled up on a myth. It seemed that UI with their old and established law

department had a dominating advantage when it came to job opportunities for newly

graduated lawyers. As they kept on digging and researching they discovered some cracks in

that myth. In only six short years graduating law students, BU has managed to get quite

remarkable results when it comes to reputation and job opportunities for their graduate

lawyers. Especially in marketing and business while law firms seem to be hiring UI graduates.

That seems to be the main difference between the two universities and it does make sense

because of their different emphasis in curriculum. Furthermore the results of the surveys made

by group Libra amongst graduated lawyers’ show that graduates from BU and UI have just

about equal chances of finding work after graduation and the only real difference lies in the

number of graduates from these two schools. Therefore it is safe to assume that the myth has

been busted and the market is ready for variety and competition.

22

CREDITS

The authors would like to thank all participants, interviewees, the staff of BU, UI, Directorate

of Labour and the Lawyers Union for all their help and support. Special thanks to Felix Rafn

Felixson, Valgerður K. Einarsdóttir, Sigrún Lilja Einarsdóttir, Lilja Ósk Diðriksdóttir and our

teacher Kristín Ólafsdóttir for all their help and support.

23

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bifrost University. (e.d.). www.bifrost.is. Retrived 5. March 2012 from Bifrost University:

http://www.bifrost.is/islenska/namsleidir/vidskiptalogfraedi-bs/

University of Iceland. (2012, 20. March). www.hi.is. Retrived 5. March 2012 from University

of Iceland: http://www.hi.is/felagsvisindasvid_deildir/lagadeild/nam/logfraedi

University of Iceland. (2005, 26. February). www.hi.is. Retrieved 5. March, 2012 from

University of Iceland: http://www.hi.is/is/skolinn/brautskraning_26_februar_2005

University of Iceland. (2005, 25. June). www.hi.is. Retrieved 5. March, 2012 from University

of Iceland: http://www.hi.is/is/skolinn/brautskraning_25_juni_2005

University of Iceland. (2005, 22. October). www.hi.is. Retrieved 5. March, 2012 from

University of Iceland:

http://www.hi.is/is/skolinn/brautskraning_laugardaginn_22_oktober_2005



http://www.hi.is/is/skolinn/brautskraning_kandidata_laugardaginn_25_

februar_2006


of Iceland:

http://www.hi.is/is/skolinn/brautskraning_kandidata_laugardaginn_24_juni_2006



http://www.hi.is/is/skolinn/brautskraning_kandidata_laugardaginn_21_oktober_2006




februar_2007


of Iceland:


University of Iceland. (2007, October 27). www.hi.is. Retrieved 5. March, 2012 from


http://www.hi.is/is/skolinn/brautskraning_kandidata_laugardaginn_27_oktober_2007




februar_2008

http://www.bifrost.is/

http://www.bifrost.is/islenska/namsleidir/vidskiptalogfraedi-bs/

http://www.hi.is/

http://www.hi.is/felagsvisindasvid_deildir/lagadeild/nam/logfraedi

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of Iceland:





oktober_2008




februar_2009


of Iceland:




http://www.hi.is/is/skolinn/brautskraning_kandidata_24_oktober_2009

Hoyle, Rick H., Harris, Monica J., Judd, Charles M. (2002) Research methods in social

relations. United States of America: Wadsworth Thompson Learning

Ingibjörg Lilja Ómarsdóttir og Ragna Benedikta Garðarsdóttir. (2009, december). Könnun á

afdrifum brottskráðra nema frá Lagadeild Háskóla Íslands árin 2005-2009. Reykjavik:

Félagsvísindastofnun Háskóla Íslands.

http://www.hi.is/is/skolinn/brautskraning_kandidata_24_oktober_2009

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APPENDICES

I. Bifröst University - Survey

II. University of Iceland – Survey

III. Interview with Bryndís Hlöðversdóttir

IV. Interview with Halldór K. Valdimarsson – Lawyers Union

V. Interview with Frank Friðrik Friðriksson – Directorate of Labour

VI. Interview with María Þorgeirsdóttir – Former masters´ program co-ordinator at

Bifröst University

VII. Interview with Róbert Spanó – Dean of law at the University of Iceland

VIII. Interview with Alma Möller - Faculty Director, law department, University of

Iceland

IX. Comparison charts and data

X. Statistics from the Directorate og Labour

XI. Questions used in the survey – University of Bifröst

XII. Statistics – Number of graduates with a masters´ degree. Bifröst University and the

University of Iceland

XIII. Statistics – Number of students and graduates used for size comparison purposes

Group libra employment opportunities

Documents

Transcript of Group libra employment opportunities