GRIHA & Solar Passive Architecture/Renewables

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Government of India

GRIHA&

Solar Passive Architecture/Renewables

R S Prasad, Consultant, ADaRSH

What is a Green Building?

A green building is a building which provide comfortable living and working conditions to its occupants while minimizing its detrimental impact on the environment.

Difference between Energy Efficient and Green

An Energy Efficient building will only conserve energy as compared to other buildings

A Green Building will conserve energy; conserve water; conserve the landscape; reduce waste generation; adopt recycling and reuse of materials; and use low-energy materials

Green building design calls for:

integrated and coordinated design approach

….in planning, design, construction and management

What is GRIHA?

Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building ,and in turn ….measure

“greenness” of a building in India

What gets measured gets managed

Set of 34 criteria

100 (+4 innovation points) point system with differential weightage on various criteria

51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81- 90 91- 100

Highlights

Weightage based on our National Priorities

GRIHA innovation points over and above 100 points

Key highlights of GRIHA

Sets out guidelines for design, construction and operation

Combination of qualitative and quantitative criteria Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like,

energy and water Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on

architecture with present day technology Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards(e.g

National building code 2005, Energy Conservation Building Code 2007, IS codes)

Is in complete alignment with government policies and programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF)

Building types Commercial Residential Institutional

5 climatic zones Hot – Dry Warm – Humid Composite Temperate Cold

Key highlights of GRIHA

Salient features

30-40% reduction in operation cost with negligible impact on project cost.

A simple inclusive single window process from Design to Rating

Inclusive process with high degree of hand holding from ADaRSH

Only rating system that exclusively covers ventilated, air conditioned and non-air conditioned buildings/campuses

140 projects with about 7 million square metres registered with GRIHA

GRIHA Compliant Building: Beyond ECBCGRIHA Compliant Building: Beyond ECBCECBC Compliance:•Insulation •High Performance glass•Controls•Efficient electrical , mechanical and lighting systemsIncremental cost: 15%Payback period < 5 years

GRIHA Compliance:•ECBC +•Passive principles (shading, orientation, controlled glass area)•Higher indoor design conditions (higher by 1 deg C)•Optimized lighting designNo further incremental costPayback period: < 4 years

37%45%

kWhr/yr

Designing a green building! By adopting the integrated design approach such that the client,

architect, engineers, and consultants design the building in a coordinated manner with a common goal – sustainability.

By optimizing site conditions (trees, water bodies, windflow, orientation, etc.) and retain them to cater to the local thermal / visual comfort requirements of the building

By adopting sound architectural practices and taking examples from India’s traditional architecture

By following India’s national codes and standards

By designing precisely-sized energy systems and not basing them on broad thumb-rules

Designing a green building! (Continued…)

By following regional development plans (such as the UDPFI guidelines, master plans) and local building by-laws

By adopting locally available construction materials and giving impetus to local arts, crafts, architecture and artisans

By reducing the resource consumption of the building and its inhabitants so that the waste generating there-from is reduced

By adopting energy efficient technologies (EETs) and equipment

By adopting renewable energy technology (RETs) applications to reduce the demand on conventional energy

GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

GRIHA attempts to minimize a building’s resource consumption, waste generation, and overall ecological/ environmental impact by consistent with nationally acceptable limits / benchmarks.

It does so using the five ‘R’ philosophy of sustainable development, namely

Refuse – to blindly adopt international trends, materials, technologies, products, etc. Specially in areas where local substitutes/equivalents are availableReduce – the dependence on high energy products, systems, processes, etc.Reuse – materials, products, traditional technologies, so as to reduce the costs incurred in designing buildings as well as in operating themRecycle – all possible wastes generated from the building site, during construction, operation and demolitionReinvent – engineering systems, designs, and practices such that India creates global examples that the world can follow rather than us following international examples

Why should you get your building rates?Some of the benefits of a green design to a building owner, user, and the society as a whole are as follows:Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort levels (lower operational costs)Reduced water consumption Reduced system sizes (HVAC, transformers, cabling, etc.) for optimal performance at local conditions.Reduced investment (Lifecycle costs)Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, and biodiversity, and reduced soil loss from erosion etc.Reduced air and water pollution (with direct health benefits)Limited waste generation due to recycling and reuseReduced pollution loadsIncreased user productivityEnhanced image and marketability

Passive Solar Architecture

Is the design of buildings whose orientation, forms, shading, materials, fenestration(window/door openings) and site planning enable the structure to naturally store thermal energy from the sun and/or cool the structure by shielding it from the sun rays and causing on unassisted air flow.

Mankind has been using passive solar majors since time immemorial. The traditional buildings in India bear testimony to it.

Passive solar techniques are as varied as architecture itself and depend upon the climatic regions.

Can buildings adopt traditional design principles and yet appear contemporary?

IRRAD complex Source: Ashok Lall Architects

http://img248.imageshack.us/i/pearlacademyfashion1mp0.jpg/

Pearl Fashion Academy Architects: Morphogenesis

http://img248.imageshack.us/i/pearlacademyfashion1mp0.jpg/

http://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2009/09/pearl-academy-by-morphogenesis-17.jpg

Design to reduce conventional energy demand(Based on principles of solar passive design)

Conventional ‘adopt Conventional ‘adopt international design’ international design’ Phenomena Phenomena

More buildings are being built out of glass these days

Lack of sound design keeps the visual comfort low (high glare conditions, excess heat ingress, etc.)

Most occupants keep their curtains closed in glass buildings and use artificial lighting all day long.

Thereby adding to the overall energy consumption

GRIHA approachGRIHA approach The design is optimized to

allow maximum natural light in, while eliminating glare

Sound shading strategies ensure no direct solar radiation is allowed into occupied spaces during summers (and vice versa in winters) Also,

Appropriate planning that reflects climate responsiveness

Adequate day lighting provided

Over and under-design of lighting system is avoided

Climate-responsive design strategies

As per the climatic classification of National Building Code-2005, though India has a large variety of climate types, it is predominantly a country with tropical climate. Approximately, 90% of the area has hot-dry, warm-humid, and composite climate. Therefore, climate-responsive buildings, in this context, are designed to avoid the heat gain but at the same time allow adequate daylight into the living space. Some of the passive design strategies adopted to optimize building design that controls heat gain and allows maximum natural light are as follows:Optimum orientation;Internal space arrangement (thermal buffer zone/buffer spaces);Allocation of building openings;Sizing of openings (limitation of window-wall-ratio and skylight-roof-ration);Appropriate shading design (façade shading and fenestration shading); andAdequate daylighting (optimum daylighted area and daylight factor)

Solar-passive building design addresses indoor thermal comfort as well as visual comfort

Solar-passive building designSolar-passive

building design

Thermal ComfortThermal Comfort Visual ComfortVisual Comfort

Reduce energy demand of space-

conditioning

Reduce energy demand of space-

conditioning

Reduce energy demand of

artificial lighting

Reduce energy demand of

artificial lighting

Reduction in energy consumption and GHG emission

Reduction in energy consumption and GHG emission

Solar Passive Related Criteria in GRIHA The criteria 13 of GRIHA ( i.e. optimize building design to

reduce conventional energy demand) addresses integration of solar passive principles in building design. This is a mandatory criterion, which emphasizes on building orientation, use of shading devices, fenestration design, window to wall ratio and achieving day lighting in living spaces.

Criterion 4 – Design to include existing site features.

Criterion 5 – Reduce hard paving on-site and/or provide shaded hard-paved surfaces.

Integration of ECBC with GRIHA

Criterion 14 of GRIHA (i.e. optimize energy performance of building within a specified comfort limits) requires mandatory compliance with ECBC for projects that fall in the category of ECBC implementation.

Renewable Energy

1. The criteria 18 of GRIHA (i.e. renewable energy utilization) makes it mandatory to meet 1% of project internal lighting and air conditioning connected load (or equivalent) by renewable energy.

2. The Criteria 6 of GRIHA (i.e. enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency and use renewable energy system for meeting outdoor lighting requirement) promotes use of renewable forms of energy to reduce the use of conventional/fossil fuel based energy resources.

For conserving energy – in a cost-effective manner

Green buildings are good investment!

First 5 star rated GRIHA building in IIT Kanpur

Trees preserved and protected

Outdoor solar lights

N-S Orientation with shading (roof/window)

Lesser paving

Solar PV and Solar Thermal systems

Impact of Energy Efficiency measures on costs

Key energy efficiency features that added to cost (35 lacs) High performance glazing (Incremental cost of Rs 12.5 lacs) Roof insulation(Incremental cost of 7 lacs) Efficient lighting with controls(incremental cost of 9 lacs) High efficiency chillers/pumps/fans (about 34 TR which is 30% of total tonnage

was saved, hence there was a decrease in cost by about 4 lacs) Earth air tunnel (11 lacs) Annual energy savings : 18.5 lacs

Built up area is 4240 sqm of which 1912 sqm is air conditionedBuilt up area is 4240 sqm of which 1912 sqm is air conditioned

Optimization of building material & selection

• Initial energy consumption: 240 kWh/m2 yr

•Cavity brick wall with insulation

•Roof insulation with fiber glass

•Shading on roof

•Double glass for windows

240 kWh/m2 per annum


13% energy savings

Building envelope•Brick wall

•RCC roof without insulation

•Single clear glass for windows

Optimization of Lighting Design



19% energy savings

Lighting optimization

•Efficient fixtures

•Efficient fixtures & lamps

•Efficient layout

•Daylight integration

AchievementLPD=1.3W/ft2

Illumination levels as per standards:Laboratory: 400 luxCorridors: 200 luxWork plane (faculty room): 300 lux

Optimisation of HVAC system

HVAC system

•Air-cooled chiller

Water-cooled chiller CoP=4.88 (complying with minimum efficiency requirements of the Energy Conservation Building Code



21% energy savings

Optimisation of HVAC design

Controls used in HVAC system Variable speed drives for chilled

water pumps Efficient load management Earth air tunnel for fresh air

treatment


98 kWh/m2 per annum

26% energy savings

HVAC system

• No controls used in HVAC system

Annual Energy Savings

EPI = 240 kWh/m2 per annum





Initial energy performance

Final energy performance

61% savings

Envelope optimisation

Lighting optimisation

Efficient chiller

Controls for HVAC system

Process, tools and mechanisms for GRIHA

ADaRSH (Association for Development and Research of Sustainable Habitats

ADaRSH is an independent society, registered under the Societies Act,

1860 as a platform for interaction on all relevant issues pertaining to

sustainable habitats in the Indian context. It was founded jointly by MNRE

(Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India) and TERI

(The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi) along with some of the

experts in the fields related to sustainability of built-environment from

across the country. ADaRSH promotes and manages GRIHA – The

National Rating System (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)

as a design and evaluation tool for green buildings and habitats, and

administers the rating.

GRIHA Rating- Robust process

…GRIHA Rating

Registration of projects- current status GRIHA

95 government buildings (MNRE has paid registration fee for 43 projects)

38 projects SVA GRIHA

7 projects (public and private) TOTAL: 140 projects

Approximately 7 million sq m registered MNRE has encouraged registration of government

projects by committing to pay registration fee for the first 200 Government of India and PSU buildings.

Intensive workshops and minimum 3 due diligence site visits are conducted for each registered project

Current incentives from Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India

a) Government projects Registration fee for 200 building projects wavered

b)Private projects- Project Proponent / Owner (upto 2012) 90% Registration cum Certification fee reimbursed 3 Star for buildings < 5000 sq.m. 4 Star for buildings > 5000 sq.m.

c) Project Team (Architects / HVAC Designers)- upto 2012 Rs.2.5 lakhs 3 Star for buildings < 5000 sq.m. Rs. 5.0 lakhs 4 Star for buildings > 5000 sq.m.

d)Capital Subsidy on Photovoltaic panels As per MNRE scheme for urban areas

e) Municipal Corporations / Urban local bodies Rs.50 lakhs (Corporations) Rs.25 laksh (other ULBs)

Mechanisms for implementationRegulatory Fast track EIA clearance for GRIHA pre-certified projects Minimum 3 Star for all Central Government and Public Sector Undertaking

buildings mandatory Minimum 3 Star for all CPWD buildings mandatory Minimum 3 Star for all buildings in Delhi as per the notification of the Delhi

Cabinet Minimum 1 Star for all buildings in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation

(PCMC) Kerala PWD has announced adoption of GRIHA

Financial 0.25% interest rebate on home loans from SBI Incentives from MNRE (registration fee waiver & cash awards) Incentives from Municipalities (property tax rebate & discount on premium for

developers)

Fast track clearance for GRIHA pre-certified projects

PCMC endorses GRIHA

• Rebate on premium for developers• Property tax rebate for occupants/ owners of GRIHA compliant homes

Extension of GRIHA Green Guidelines for Large Developments SVA GRIHA-(Simple Versatile Affordable) GRIHA<2,500m2

GRIHA preferred by educational campuses( 18 projects)

What is SVA GRIHA?

Background Preparation of SVA GRIHA for projects <2500 sq m recommended

by NAC in January 2011

Large demand from PCMC, which has endorsed GRIHA

Registration fee for smaller projects becomes less (since financial incentives and registration fee waiver by MNRE not applicable)

Avoids the need to appoint an energy consultant for smaller projects

Subsequently, SVAGRIHA designed to cater to projects with built-up area less than 2500 sq.m.

The Process

Registration of the project Access to the web-based tool given to the project Submission of completed tool along with necessary

documentation to ADaRSH Feedback to Project Team Site Visit and due diligence check post construction Evaluation by a GRIHA Evaluator Award of Rating by ADaRSH

Note: The site audit to check compliance will be done once the projects is complete and all equipment to be verified are installed

The Structure SVAGRIHA has 14 criterion which are divided into 5

themes and 50 points Mandatory to achieve minimum points in each category

Sub-Group

Maximum points

Minimum points to

be achieved

Landscape

6 3

Energy 21 11

Water & waste

11 6

Materials 8 4

Others 4 1

Criterion number Criterion name Points

1 Reduce UHIE and maintain native vegetation cover on site 6

2 Passive architectural design and systems 4

3Good fenestration design for reducing direct heat gain and glare while maximizing daylight penetration 6

4 Efficient artificial lighting system 2

5 Thermal efficiency of building envelope 2

6 Use of energy efficient appliances 3

7 Use of renewable energy on site 4

8 Reduction in building and landscape water demand 5

9 Rainwater harvesting 4

10 Generate resource from waste 2

11 Reduce embodied energy of building 4

12 Use of low-energy materials in interiors 4

13 Adoption of green Lifestyle 4

14 Innovation 2

Total 50

Impact- mitigation of climate change

Potential of GRIHA to avoid emissions from commercial buidings in India

0.0

500.0

1000.0

1500.0

2010 2020 2030

YearM

t CO

2-e/

yr

BAU Scenario GRIHA compliance

In 2030 emissions from commercial sector:

BAU: 1370 Mt CO2-e

GRIHA: 840 Mt CO2-e

38% emission reductions can be achieved by GRIHA

PCNTDA Headquarters, Pimpri-Chinhwad

Source: Landmark Design

SUZLON ONE-EARTH CAMPUSPUNE, MAHARASHTRA

GRIHA RATED

56% savings in energy

50% savings in water

2,50,000 units of electricity generated annually through renewable sources of

energy

Thank you for your attention!

GRIHA & Solar Passive Architecture/Renewables

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