GREGORY B. MEIKLECHIEF OF HEALTH FOR COAL MINE

SAFETY AND HEALTH, MSHA

N A T I O N A L A C A D E M I E S O F S C I E N C E , E N G I N E E R I N G , A N D M E D I C I N EN A S R E S P I R A B L E D U S T C O M M I T T E E W A S H I N G T O N , D CJ U N E 2 9 , 2 0 1 7

• Provides comprehensive, integrated approach to reduce miners’ exposure to respirable coal mine dust and prevent black lung disease

• Lowers concentration limit for respirable coal dust

• Improves respirable dust sampling program to better reflect working conditions

• Since rule went in effect on August 1, 2014, over 99 percent compliance with sampling requirements

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MSHA’S FINAL RESPIRABLE DUST RULE

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KEY PROVISIONS OF FINAL DUST RULE UNDERGROUND COAL MINESLOWER CONCENTRATION LIMITS

• Lowers Concentration Limits for Respirable Coal Mine Dustv 2.0 mg/m3 to 1.5 mg/m3 at minesv 1.0 mg/m3 to 0.5 mg/m3 for air used to ventilate places where

miners work (intake airways) and for Part 90 minersv Limit for quartz unchanged

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Previous Dust Standard Dust Standard, Final RuleEffective August 1, 2016

Designated Occupations, Other Designated Occupations* 2.0 mg/m3 1.5 mg/m3

Designated Areas** 2.0 mg/m3 1.5 mg/m3

Intake Air, Part 90 miners*** 1.0 mg/m3 0.5 mg/m3

Quartz 100 µg/m3 (5% of 2.0 mg/m3) 100 µg/m3

*A sampling device is worn by miners assigned to perform the duties of the designated occupation or other designated occupation for each type of mechanized mining unit. **Designated Areas: specific locations in the mine identified by the operator in the mine ventilation plan.***Part 90 miners: miners with pneumoconiosis who have exercised rights to work in less dusty areas.

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KEY PROVISIONS OF FINAL DUST RULE UNDERGROUND COAL MINES

USE OF CPDM

• Requires use of Continuous Personal Dust Monitor (CPDM) to monitor miners exposed to highest concentrations of respirable dust and Part 90 miners

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Sampling device, Prior Rule

Sampling deviceFinal Rule

Designated Occupations, OtherDesignated Occupations, Part 90 miners

CMDPSU (Coal Mine Dust Personal Sampling Unit – Gravimetric sampler)

CPDM

Designated Areas CMDPSU CMDPSU (with option to use CPDM)

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KEY PROVISIONS OF FINAL DUST RULE UNDERGROUND COAL MINES

USE OF CPDM

• Benefits of the CPDMvProvides near real-time results vAllows operators to identify problems earlier,

including dust generation sourcesvAllows operators to take immediate corrective

action to reduce dust levels/prevent overexposure to miners

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KEY PROVISIONS OF FINAL DUST RULE UNDERGROUND COAL MINES

USE OF CPDM

• CPDM is working as intended (April 1, 2016 – May 31, 2017)vVoid rate for CPDM samples is 24.3 %, which is

comparable to the operator CMDPSU (22.8%)vLargest number of operator voided samples due to

low production (i.e., did not meet normal production shift definition) (11.8% CPDM)

• MSHA expects void rate to decline as operators gain experience with CPDM

• NEXT TECHNOLOGY DIRECTION: Developing a CPDM that measures quartz

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KEY PROVISIONS OF FINAL DUST RULE UNDERGROUND COAL MINES

FULL-SHIFT SAMPLING

• Requires “full-shift” sampling. Respirable dust samples must be collected for the full shift a miner works. For a 12-hour shift, respirable dust samples must be taken for the entire work shift, rather than a maximum of 8 hours as required by prior rule

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KEY PROVISIONS OF FINAL DUST RULEUNDERGROUND COAL MINES

NORMAL PRODUCTION SHIFT

• Redefines a “normal production shift” Respirable dust samples must be collected when production is at least 80% of average production over the last 30 production shifts• Previously, underground mine operators were

required to sample when production was at least 50% of the average production reported during the operator’s last sampling period (i.e., last set of five valid samples)

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KEY PROVISIONS OF FINAL DUST RULEUNDERGROUND COAL MINES

FULL SHIFT SAMPLING

• Operators must collect all samples quarterly on consecutive shifts

• Miners are better protected because samples are collected during periods that are more representative of normal mining operations

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Sampling Frequency Prior Rule

Sampling FrequencyFinal Rule

Designated Occupations, 5 shifts/bimonthly 15 shifts/quarter

Designated Areas (Inby and Outby), Part 90 Miners

1 shift/bimonthly 5 shifts/quarter

Other Designated Occupations (Inby DAs)

ODOs did not exist 15 shifts/quarter

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KEY PROVISIONS OF FINAL DUST RULE UNDERGROUND COAL MINES

EVC• Corrective action is required when one operator full-

shift sample meets or exceeds excessive concentration value (ECV); there is no violation

• The final rule includes ECV for each standard, depending on sampling device used

• ECV ensures MSHA is 95 percent confident the applicable respirable dust standard has been exceeded

• ECV accounts for the margin of error between the true dust concentration measurement and dust concentration measurement when using the CMDPSU or the CPDM

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KEY PROVISIONS OF FINAL DUST RULE UNDERGROUND COAL MINES

NONCOMPLIANCE DETERMINATIONS

• Noncompliance determinations on CPDM are made as shown below:

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Noncompliance DeterminationPrior Rule

Noncompliance DeterminationFinal Rule

Operator Samples --Designated Occupations, Other Designated Occupations

Average of 5 samples 3 out of 15 samples or average of 15 > ECV

Operator Samples --Designated Areas, Part 90 Miners

Average of 5 samples 2 out of 5 samples or average of 5 > ECV

MSHA Samples Average of 2 - 5 samples 1 full-shift sample > ECV

TRENDS IN CURRENT RESPIRABLE DUST DATA

• All mines required to report sample data each quarter; on average, 194 underground mines

• Operator samples for designated occupations

August 1, 2012 – July 31, 2014 (prior rule: 8 hour sampling/50% normal production/consecutive shifts/days)v 47,202 valid CMDPSU samples collectedv 45,712 samples (96.8% ) in compliancev 1,490 samples (3.2%) not in compliance

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TRENDS IN CURRENT RESPIRABLE DUST DATA

August 1, 2014 – March 31, 2016 (final rule: full shift sampling/80% normal production/increased sampling Part 90)v28,101 valid samples collectedv27,562 samples (98.1%) in compliancev539 samples (1.9%) not in compliance

April 1, 2016 – July 31, 2016 (final rule: CPDM /increased sampling )v13,176 valid DO samples collectedv13,162 samples (99.9%) in compliancev14 samples (0.1%) not in compliance

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TRENDS IN CURRENT RESPIRABLE DUST DATA

Aug. 1, 2016 – May 31, 2017 (final rule: dust standards lowered)v25,441 valid DO samples collectedv25,364 samples (99.7%) in compliancev77 samples (0.3%) not in compliance

Aug . 1, 2014 – May 31, 2017 (final rule)v66,718 valid DO samples collectedv66,088 samples (99.1%) in compliancev630 samples (0.9%) not in compliance

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Period Dates% of Samples

CompliantPre-Rule Aug 1, 2012 - July 31, 2014 96.8

Full-Shift Sampling Aug 1, 2014 - March 31, 2016 98.1Quarterly 15 Consecutive CPDM

April 1, 2016 - July 31, 2016 99.9

Lower Standard Aug 1, 2016 - May 31, 2017 99.7RULE Aug 1, 2014 - May 31, 2017 99.1

Trends of Compliance

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DUST CONCENTRATION BY CALENDAR YEAR FOR DESIGNATED OCCUPATIONS (DO)

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TRENDS IN CURRENT QUARTZ DATAMSHA sampling for quartz• Compliance with quartz standard increased• Only CMDPSU can measure quartz Sample results for designated occupation:August 1, 2012 – July 31, 2014 (prior rule) (8 hour sampling/80% normal production)v 3,140 valid DO samples collectedv 2,939 samples (93.6%) in compliancev 201 samples (6.4%) not in compliance

August 1, 2014 – May 31, 2017 (after final rule) (full shift sampling/80% normal production)v 6,155 valid DO samples collected v 6,013 samples (97.7%) in compliancev 142 samples (2.3%) not in compliance

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# % # %

DO - Longwall 1 639 5 0.78 3 0.47 0.999DO - Cont. Miner 1 6,553 16 0.24 4 0.06 0.712DO - Other 1 171 1 0.58 0 0.00 0.813ODO - Longwall 2 518 3 0.58 2 0.39 0.835ODO - Roof Bltr 2 5,402 23 0.43 11 0.20 0.694ODO - S. Car 2 5,595 5 0.09 3 0.05 0.622ODO - Other 2 973 3 0.31 2 0.21 0.525Outby DA 3 1 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.267Intake DA 3 0DWP 4 2 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.093Part 90 5 202 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.197

20,056 56 0.28 25 0.12 0.681

Valid CPDM Dust Sample Counts by Type 4/1/2016 - 6/30/2016

Total CPDM Sample Count and Counts Exceeding

Total:

Dust Standards and ECV Values*

Sample Type

Sample Type Code

Operator Samples

Total Valid

Exceed Applicable Std

* Uses corresponding CPDM ECV values for operator occupational samples. Reduced dust standards less than base standard are included.

≥ Applicable ECV Value Avg. Conc. (mg/m3)

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# % # %

DO - Longwall 1 626 7 1.12 2 0.32 0.866DO - Cont. Miner 1 6,745 25 0.37 11 0.16 0.664DO - Other 1 86 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.852ODO - Longwall 2 503 4 0.80 1 0.20 0.716ODO - Roof Bltr 2 6,248 28 0.45 8 0.13 0.610ODO - S. Car 2 6,884 5 0.07 2 0.03 0.532ODO - Other 2 930 4 0.43 2 0.22 0.458Outby DA 3 170 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.378Intake DA 3 0DWP 4 7 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.050Part 90 5 227 2 0.88 2 0.88 0.177

22,426 75 0.33 28 0.12 0.600

Valid CPDM Dust Sample Counts by Type 7/1/2016 - 9/30/2016

Total CPDM Sample Count and Counts ExceedingDust Standards and ECV Values*

Sample Type

Sample Type Code

Operator Samples

Total Valid

Exceed Applicable Std

Total:

* Uses corresponding CPDM ECV values for operator occupational samples. Reduced dust standards less than base standard are included.

≥ Applicable ECV Value Avg. Conc. (mg/m3)

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# % # %

DO - Longwall 1 581 25 4.30 8 1.38 0.903DO - Cont. Miner 1 7,051 54 0.77 21 0.30 0.651DO - Other 1 96 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.655ODO - Longwall 2 505 9 1.78 4 0.79 0.789ODO - Roof Bltr 2 6,372 56 0.88 15 0.24 0.647ODO - S. Car 2 6,836 31 0.45 12 0.18 0.623ODO - Other 2 1,122 8 0.71 5 0.45 0.569Outby DA 3 257 1 0.39 0 0.00 0.486Intake DA 3 30 2 6.67 2 6.67 0.329DWP 4 11 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.139Part 90 5 221 3 1.36 1 0.45 0.164

23,082 189 0.82 68 0.29 0.640

Valid CPDM Dust Sample Counts by Type 10/1/2016 - 12/31/2016

Total CPDM Sample Count and Counts ExceedingDust Standards and ECV Values*

Sample Type

Sample Type Code

Operator Samples

Total Valid

Exceed Applicable Std

* Uses corresponding CPDM ECV values for operator occupational samples. Reduced dust standards less than base standard are included.

≥ Applicable ECV Value Avg. Conc. (mg/m3)

Total:

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# % # %

DO - Longwall 1 628 15 2.39 2 0.32 0.861DO - Cont. Miner 1 7,409 65 0.88 22 0.30 0.688DO - Other 1 63 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.630ODO - Longwall 2 635 2 0.31 0 0.00 0.732ODO - Roof Bltr 2 7,226 51 0.71 12 0.17 0.635ODO - S. Car 2 7,324 24 0.33 8 0.11 0.659ODO - Other 2 1,330 13 0.98 6 0.45 0.597Outby DA 3 334 2 0.60 2 0.60 0.447Intake DA 3 30 3 10.00 3 10.00 0.332DWP 4 14 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.185Part 90 5 239 5 2.09 3 1.26 0.171

25,232 180 0.71 58 0.23 0.661Total:

* Uses corresponding CPDM ECV values for operator occupational samples. Reduced dust standards less than base standard are included.

Total Valid

Exceed Applicable Std

Total CPDM Sample Count and Counts ExceedingDust Standards and ECV Values*

Sample Type

Sample Type Code

Operator Samples

Valid CPDM Dust Sample Counts by Type

≥ Applicable ECV Value Avg. Conc. (mg/m3)

1/1/2017 - 3/31/2017

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# % # %

DO - Longwall 1 2,474 52 2.10 15 0.61 0.908DO - Cont. Miner 1 27,758 160 0.58 58 0.21 0.678DO - Other 1 416 1 0.24 0 0.00 0.757ODO - Longwall 2 2,161 18 0.83 7 0.32 0.766ODO - Roof Bltr 2 25,248 158 0.63 48 0.19 0.650ODO - S. Car 2 26,639 65 0.24 25 0.09 0.609ODO - Other 2 4,355 28 0.64 13 0.30 0.544Outby DA 3 762 3 0.39 2 0.26 0.444Intake DA 3 60 5 8.33 5 8.33 0.330DWP 4 34 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.137Part 90 5 889 10 1.12 6 0.67 0.177

90,796 500 0.55 179 0.20 0.645

4/1/2016 - 3/31/2017Valid CPDM Dust Sample Counts by Type

Total:

* Uses corresponding CPDM ECV values for operator occupational samples. Reduced dust standards less than base standard are included.

Total CPDM Sample Count and Counts ExceedingDust Standards and ECV Values*

Sample Type

Sample Type Code

Operator Samples

Total Valid

Exceed Applicable Std ≥ Applicable ECV Value Avg. Conc. (mg/m3)

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# % # %

DO - Longwall 1 604 15 2.48 2 0.33 0.800DO - Cont. Miner 1 7,277 44 0.60 16 0.22 0.653DO - Other 1 88 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.644ODO - Longwall 2 483 5 1.04 2 0.41 0.690ODO - Roof Bltr 2 6,120 31 0.51 14 0.23 0.615ODO - S. Car 2 5,628 21 0.37 10 0.18 0.563ODO - Other 2 1,055 1 0.09 0 0.00 0.498Outby DA 3 353 2 0.57 1 0.28 0.371Intake DA 3 55 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.196DWP 4 12 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.134Part 90 5 173 5 2.89 4 2.31 0.161

21,848 124 0.57 49 0.22 0.607

Valid CPDM Dust Sample Counts by Type 4/1/2017 - 5/31/2017

Total CPDM Sample Count and Counts ExceedingDust Standards and ECV Values*

Total:

* Uses corresponding CPDM ECV values for operator occupational samples. Reduced dust standards less than base standard are included.

Sample Type

Sample Type Code

Operator Samples

Total Valid

Exceed Applicable Std ≥ Applicable ECV Value Avg. Conc. (mg/m3)

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QuarterTotal

Number of Samples

Number of Samples

Non-Compliant

Compliance %

Average Concentration

(mg/m3)

1 639 3 99.5% 0.999

2 626 2 99.7% 0.866

3 581 8 98.6% 0.9034 628 2 99.7% 0.861

Total 2474 15 99.4% 0.907

Valid CPDM Dust Sample Counts by Type Longwall Designated Occupation

Sampling Results for a 4 Quarter Period April 2016 - March 2017

QuarterTotal

Number of Samples

Number of Samples

Non-Compliant

Compliance %

Average Concentration

(mg/m3)

1 6553 4 99.9% 0.712

2 6745 11 99.8% 0.664

3 7051 21 99.7% 0.6514 7409 22 99.7% 0.688

Total 27758 58 99.8% 0.679

Valid CPDM Dust Sample Counts by Type Continuous Miner Designated Occupation

Sampling Results for a 4 Quarter Period April 2016 - March 2017

COMPARISON OF RESPIRABLE DUST EXPOSURE RESULTS BY MINING METHOD

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COMPARISON OF RESPIRABLE DUST EXPOSURE RESULTS BY MINING METHOD

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COMPARISON OF RESPIRABLE DUST EXPOSURE RESULTS BY MINING METHOD

QuarterTotal

Number of Samples

Number of Samples

Non-Compliant

Compliance %

Average Concentration

(mg/m3)

1 518 2 99.6% 0.835

2 503 1 99.8% 0.716

3 505 4 98.8% 0.7894 635 0 100.0% 0.732

Total 2161 7 99.7% 0.768

Valid CPDM Dust Sample Counts by Type Longwall Other-Designated Occupation Sampling Results for a 4 Quarter Period

April 2016 - March 2017

QuarterTotal

Number of Samples

Number of Samples

Non-Compliant

Compliance %

Average Concentration

(mg/m3)

1 5402 11 99.8% 0.694

2 6248 8 99.9% 0.610

3 6372 15 99.8% 0.6474 7226 12 99.8% 0.635

Total 25248 46 99.8% 0.647

Valid CPDM Dust Sample Counts by Type Continuous Miner Other-Designated Occupation

Sampling Results for a 4 Quarter Period April 2016 - March 2017

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COMPARISON OF RESPIRABLE DUST EXPOSURE RESULTS BY MINING METHOD

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CONCLUSION

• Average respirable coal mine dust concentrations continue to drop. vControls necessary to maintain compliance

in the mine’s approved ventilation plan vActions designed to reduce the

concentration/exposure implemented at mine each time a sample indicates overexposure

• High exposures and non-compliance are rare, generally characterized by a number of site specific conditions and circumstances.

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QUESTIONS?

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