Greenhouse Gases Gallery Walk Graphs

8/3/2019 Greenhouse Gases Gallery Walk Graphs

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Trenberth, K.E., J. T. Fasullo, J. Kiehl. 2008. Earths global energy budget. J. Amer.

Meteorological Soc.


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U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory

http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.html
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.html


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U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory

http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.html


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Average methane mixing ratios in the boundary layer (the layer of the atmosphere in immediate contact with Earth's surface) in 2003,

calculated with a chemistrytransport model. The atmospheric lifetime of methane is almost a decade, so it disperses globally. Regions of

strong emissions are nevertheless manifest, leading to the largest variability in the northern hemisphere and an inter-hemispheric

difference of 510%. The recently proposed release of methane by terrestrial vegetation is not included, as its magnitude is still uncertain.

Figure and text are from Lelieveld (2006), who redrew the figure from Houweling (1999).

(http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography-book/co2problem.htm)
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/co2_human.htmlhttp://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography-book/co2problem.htmhttp://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography-book/co2problem.htmhttp://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography-book/co2problem.htmhttp://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography-book/co2problem.htm


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From Recent Greenhouse Gas Concentrations, T.J. Blasing, http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/current_ghg.html


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Figure 2 -Atmospheric CO2 concentrations at Barrow, Ak, Mauna Loa, Hi, American Samoa, and South Pole.

American Scientist, 78, 325 (1990). Permission granted by Sigma, Xi, The Scientific Research Society.

http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.html


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Composition of the Earth's atmosphere below 100 km

Constituent Molecular Weight Content (fraction of total molecules

itrogen(N2) 28.016 0.7808(75.51% by mass)

Oxygen(O2) 32.00 0.2095(23.14% by mass)Argon(Ar) 39.94 0.0093(1.28% by mass)

Water Vapor(H2O) 18.02 0-0.04

Carbon Dioxide(CO2) 44.01 364 parts per million

eon(Ne) 20.18 18 parts per million

Helium(He) 4.00 5 parts per millionKrypton(Kr) 83.7 1 parts per million

Hydrogen(H) 2.02 0.5 parts per million

Ozone(03) 48.00 0-12 parts per million

Adapted from J. M. Wallace and P. V. Hobbs, 1977:

Atmospheric Science - An Introductory Survey. Academic Press, New York. 467 pp.


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Figure 4 - Changes in global atmospheric CO2 and global surface temperature over the last 160,000 years. U.S. Global Change Research

Programhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.html
http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.html


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Carbon dioxide emissions from cement

production EPA, 1989: Policy options for

stabilizing global climate.

http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gc

course/chem/gases/gases_lecture_

new.html
http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.html


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Carbon Dioxide Emission Estimates from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Hydraulic Cement Production,

and Gas Flaring for 1995 on a One Degree Grid Cell Basis.

(March 1998), Antoinette L. Brenkert (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ndps/ndp058a.html)
http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.html


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Vertical distribution of carbon dioxide

in the air around a forest varies with

time of day. J. D. Butler, Air PollutionChemistry, 1979.

http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gc

course/chem/carbon/images/imag

e15.gif
http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/gases_lecture_new.htmlhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/carbon/images/image15.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/carbon/images/image15.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/carbon/images/image15.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/carbon/images/image15.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/carbon/images/image15.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/carbon/images/image15.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/carbon/images/image15.gif


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http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gif
http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gif


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Methane, CO2 and temperature profiles. Adapted from Woodwell et al, Scientific American,

April 1989
http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gif


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Smoothed Power Dissipation Index (dotted line, a measure of hurricane intensity) versus Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature (solid black

line). Kerry Emanuel, 2005
http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gif


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Trends in tropical cyclone maximum wind speeds for different strength hurricanes. Uncertainty range is shown in grey. Solid red line is the

overall trend, dashed red lines show 90% confidence range (Elsner 2008).
http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gif


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Probability of July average temperature anomalies in Moscow, Russia since 1950. This image shows that the average temperature in Moscow for

July 2010 was significantly hotter than in any year since 1950. Credit: Claudia Tebaldi and Remik Ziemlinski.From ClimateCentral.org
http://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.geology.iastate.edu/gccourse/chem/gases/images/methaneconc.gifhttp://www.climatecentral.org/blogs/historical-perspective-on-the-russian-heat-wave-of-2010http://www.climatecentral.org/blogs/historical-perspective-on-the-russian-heat-wave-of-2010http://www.climatecentral.org/blogs/historical-perspective-on-the-russian-heat-wave-of-2010http://www.climatecentral.org/blogs/historical-perspective-on-the-russian-heat-wave-of-2010


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This map shows the difference in surface temperature in 2006 compared to the average from 1951 to 1980. Most of the globe is anomalously warm,with the greatest temperature increases in the Arctic Ocean, Antarctic Peninsula, and central Asia. NASAs effort to track temperature changes willhelp societies evaluate the consequences of global climate change. (Map based on data from NASA GISSSurface Temperature Analysis.) from

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GISSTemperature/giss_temperature4.php
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GISSTemperature/giss_temperature4.phphttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GISSTemperature/giss_temperature4.phphttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GISSTemperature/giss_temperature4.phphttp://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/


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http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GISSTemperature/giss_temperature4.php


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Mean annual carbon emissions from alternative land-use management options (1991-2001). Notes: For reduction of deforestation rates,

recovery is the restoration to carbon levels of undegraded forest. Agroforestry options involve the conversion of 2 or 4% of agricultural land each

year sequestering 20% of the carbon of a mature plantation. Industrial reforestation options involve the planting of 0.1% of all land capable of

sequestering at least 4 tonnes of carbon each year or the offset of all current industrial wood removals.

http://www.esd.ornl.gov/iab/iab2-16.htm
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GISSTemperature/giss_temperature4.phphttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GISSTemperature/giss_temperature4.phphttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GISSTemperature/giss_temperature4.phphttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GISSTemperature/giss_temperature4.phphttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GISSTemperature/giss_temperature4.phphttp://www.esd.ornl.gov/iab/iab2-16.htmhttp://www.esd.ornl.gov/iab/iab2-16.htmhttp://www.esd.ornl.gov/iab/iab2-16.htm


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Simulated response of plant

productivity in five regional

ecosystems to hypothetical

climatic change.

http://www.esd.ornl.gov/iab/iab2-8.htm
http://www.esd.ornl.gov/iab/iab2-8.htmhttp://www.esd.ornl.gov/iab/iab2-8.htmhttp://www.esd.ornl.gov/iab/iab2-8.htmhttp://www.esd.ornl.gov/iab/iab2-8.htmhttp://www.esd.ornl.gov/iab/iab2-8.htm


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What are other sources of heat, besides the Sun?

What causes the increased amounts of CO2?

How are technology and historical events connected to CO2 emissions? What about other

greenhouse gases?

Whats the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere? Is that a lot? How do you decide?

Does CO2 concentrate in certain areas?

Whats the composition of the atmosphere?

On which part of the carbon cycle does increased greenhouse gases have an effect?

How much heat is trapped by CO2?


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What are the effects of climate change on environments?

What are the effects of climate change on human culture?

How do humans affect the concentrations of other greenhouse gases?

Whats the historical record of CO2 and temperature?

What are the effects of human vs. other environmental impacts?

What are historical patterns of greenhouse gas dispersal and concentration?

What are sources of greenhouse gases?

How do we get rid of CO2?


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Greenhouse Gases Gallery Walk Graphs

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