Greener lighting

Thursday, October 27, 2011

Curtis Kasefang, Theatre Consultants Collaborative, LLCSteven Cullipher, LEED AP, Systems Division Manager, Barbizon Lighting CompanyMark London, Lighting Design GroupBryan Raven, Managing Director, White Light Ltd.

White LightWhite Light& &

The EnvironmentThe Environment

A Case Study A Case Study –– an updatean update

All rights reserved – enquires regarding the content of this document should be directed to the Managing Director, White Light Ltd, 20 Merton Industrial Park,

Jubilee Way, Wimbledon, London SW19 3WL Tel: 020 8254 4800 Fax: 020 8254 4801. [email protected] www.WhiteLight.Ltd.uk

White LightWhite Light

White Light is one of UK’s premier lighting supply companies with a wide range of experience from all areas of the industry:

- Theatre - Corporate Presentations- Events- Education

• Annual turnover in excess of £18M

White Light employs over 130 staffWhite Light employs over 130 staff

And operates from a 6500 square metre And operates from a 6500 square metre facility in South West London facility in South West London

With With ££25M worth of Hire stock and 25M worth of Hire stock and ££1.5M of Sales stock1.5M of Sales stock

White Light & The Environment

• Our equipment uses a lot of electricity for the purposes of “entertainment”

• That doesn't mean we can’t make sure we are as green as we can be as a company

• We can also encourage others to follow us

Why did we start down this route?

• Demand from Corporate clients

• Even bigger demand from our staff!

• But until the last couple of there was little or no demand from theatre or suppliers

Treating WL as Three Separate Projects

• Improving our own business

• Encouraging our suppliers to improve

• Encouraging our customers to improve

Improving White LightHow have we done (for the Company)?

• Increased awareness throughout the company

• More bins….including a compactor – this has reduced our land fill from 1500m3 to 100m3

• Replaced our urinals – saving 300,000 litres of water per year

• Published a Green Lighting guide for our customers

Improving our suppliersImproving our suppliers• “Industry related” i.e. trade suppliers

• Non industry related i.e. utilities, stationery suppliers, transport companies

• Not a huge success on the trade suppliers….probably because of the current climate. But non industry suppliers have been a lot more forthcoming

Improving our suppliersImproving our suppliers• Whilst we have no figures to prove this we

believe that it is the manufacturing side of the industry where our biggest impact is.

• More study is needed but, for example, 90% of the carbon footprint of a lap top is done before we open the box. It is probably a similar story with moving lights

Improving our customersImproving our customers• This is a lot harder as we don’t want to

appear to be ”preaching” to our customers

• However we did decide to collate all the ideas that are around in to a Guide to “Green Lighting”

• For the purposes of this presentation ‘color’ is spelt ‘colour’ and templates are ‘gobos’ and we work in theatres not theaters!

Big Switch offBig Switch off

• National Theatre has managed to save 28 hours per week of use of their discharge moving lights by switching off the rig when not in use

• If you add up all the discharge moving lights in the West End it is over 1MW

TungstenTungsten

• Remember - it is not a bad thing!

• We have already reduced from 2000w to 1200w, & 575w by using the modern lamps

• We only use electricity when you need it….unlike discharge sources

London TheatreLondon Theatre’’s Carbon Footprints Carbon Footprint

London TheatreLondon Theatre’’s Carbon Footprints Carbon Footprint

Theatre Front of House heating & cooling

(daytime & evening), 35%

Rehearsal Space (heating & cooling),

28%

Theatre offices & back of house heating &

cooling, 10%

Stage Electrics (lighting, sound & stage), 9%

Overnight lighting & heating, 6%

Pre Production Management, 5%

Production materials, 5%

Extrerior lighting, 2%

The Green GuideThe Green Guide• We wrote this guide to try and collate

the information we had learned from going through this process

• We don’t claim it to be comprehensive and would welcome feedback and improvements

Big Switch offBig Switch off

Planning the ShowPlanning the Show

Schedule meetings efficientlyUse public transportMinimise printingMake sure everyone is doing “their bit”

Designing the ShowDesigning the Show

Do I need extra lights?Would newer lights be more efficient?Where are the lights coming from?Are there lower power equivalents?Do I need discharge lights?Can we use gobos & colour from stock?Have I got the information to everyone in time?

Choosing Greener ProductsChoosing Greener Products

Getting the Show onGetting the Show on

Have you ordered everything you need?Can you save transport costs by combining collections & deliveriesDo you need the dock door open all day?Is PVC the best way of attaching cables to the bars?

Show runningShow running

Turn off the moving lights!Do you need the smoke machines to be on all day?Does every light actually do anything?

After the show is overAfter the show is over

Keep the scrolls, colour & gobos for future showsDo you need the dock door open all night?Are you re-cycling the set?

TouringTouring

Do you need to tour equipment or can you pick it up locally?Do you need all that extra cable?Have you ordered the physically smallest kit available to minimise truck requirements?

At the Production TableAt the Production Table

Recycle paper using the blue binsUse recycled paperPrinting double sided and/or two pages to a page wherever possibleNOT printing out e mails or other documents unless necessaryUse mains water dispensers (not bottles)Recycle printer cartridgesPaper free meetings

Other Things: Equipment Use:

Collect used batteries & lamps from West End theatres and venues & recycleAct as a collection point for discharge lamps (WEE directive)Re-use suppliers packaging and palettes for our own productsUse equipment until the very end of its “life”Use time switches to switch off printers &

coffee machines when not in useTurn off our PC and monitors every nightSwitch off radios, fans, lights when not needed

Around the buildingAround the building

Check the thermostats!Changeover lighting to LED or CFLs in FOH & back of house applicationsTime switches on things like coffee machines?

And finallyAnd finallyWhere do we look for more information or ideas?

• PLASA will be launching their website soon

• London Climate Change plan to be launched soon

• Visit Carbon Trust & Envirowise websites

• Visit Arcola’s website

• Read “Hot Topic” by Gabrielle Walker and David King

• Visit www.WhiteLight.Ltd.uk/environment

One more thingOne more thing……....• There is a lot of rubbish talked about

Climate Change – so keep an open mind

• Beware the PR “machine” or “green wash”

• For every action there is a reaction – make sure it is a good one

• But doing nothing is NOT an option

• This issue “transcends competition” so we should share the information

White LightWhite Light

Thank you

All rights reserved – enquires regarding the content of this document should be directed to the Managing Director, White Light Ltd, 20 Merton Industrial Park,

Jubilee Way, Wimbledon, London SW19 3WL Tel: 020 8254 4800 Fax: 020 8254 4801. [email protected] www.WhiteLight.Ltd.uk

Prepared by: •Mark London •Michael E. Steinberg•Alex Kyle-DiPietropaolo

LED Incandescent IncandescentType Vivid R ETC Altman Ground Cyc Par 38 Strip

Power Consumption 750 w 6000w 3600wBrightness At Full 351fc at 15’ 108 fc at 15’ 124 at 15’Brightness at R80 33 fc at 15’ ≈9.72 fc at 15’ ≈11.6 fc at 15’

Initial Cost $5,000.00 $1,450.00 $327.95Theatre

Annual Cost/Duty Cycle(Electricity at 3hrs a day+ lamp replacement, not including labor)

1yr $123/ 5yr $615 1yr $1368/ 5yr $6840 1yr $826/ 5yr $4130

TV Annual Cost/Duty Cycle(Electricity at 10hrs a day+ lamp replacement, not including labor)

1yr $410/ 5yr$2050 1 yr $4529/ 5 yr $22645 1 yr $2,441/ 5yr $12,205

StripStrip LightsLights




Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $123/ 5yr $615 1yr $1368/ 5yr $6840 1yr $826/ 5yr $4130

TV Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $410/ 5yr$2050 1 yr $4529/ 5 yr $22645 1 yr $2,441/ 5yr $12,205

ProsPros

11 Cool OperationCool Operation Everyone has oneEveryone has one Everyone has oneEveryone has one

22 7 Colors/Color Mixing7 Colors/Color Mixing Serviceable PartsServiceable Parts Serviceable PartsServiceable Parts

33 Long Lamp Life / Very Long Lamp Life / Very low Maintenance / No low Maintenance / No

Gel to cut Gel to cut

Works w/ Existing Dim Works w/ Existing Dim SystemSystem

Works w/ Existing Works w/ Existing Dim SystemDim System

44 No Color ShiftNo Color Shift

55 Quick Color ChangeQuick Color Change







TV Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $410/ 5yr$2050 1 yr $4529/ 5 yr $22645 1 yr $2,441/ 5yr $12,205

ConsCons11 Circuit Boards/ Power Circuit Boards/ Power

Supply/ FansSupply/ FansHigh Power/ HeatHigh Power/ Heat High Power/ HeatHigh Power/ Heat

22 PricePrice Short Lamp LifeShort Lamp Life Short Lamp LifeShort Lamp Life

33 Possible Fan NoisePossible Fan Noise 3 Colors3 Colors 3 to 4 Colors3 to 4 Colors

44 Choice of RGB Vs. multi Choice of RGB Vs. multi color affects intensitycolor affects intensity

Color Shift While Color Shift While DimmingDimming

Color Shift While Color Shift While DimmingDimming

55 Possible filament noise Possible filament noise or blow outor blow out

Possible filament noise Possible filament noise or blow outor blow out

Dick Clark's Rocking New Years Eve 2008LD Michael E. Steinberg

GMAJosh Grobin Concert in Bryant Park 2008LD Denis Size

LED Incandescent IncandescentType Pixel Par RGBA Source 4 Par Par 64 MFL

Power Consumption 96w 575w 1000 wBrightness At Full 179.9 fc at 16’ 477 fc at 25’ 450 fc at 20’Brightness at R80 ≈100.8 fc at 16’ ≈42.93 fc at 25’ ≈40.5 fc at 20’

Initial Cost $2,958.00 $220.00 $70.00 Theatre


1yr $15/ 5yr $75 1yr $194/ 5yr $970 1yr $311/ 5yr $1,555


1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1 yr $639/ 5 yr $3,195 1yr $1037/ 5yr $5,185

ParPar





TV Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1 yr $639/ 5 yr $3195 1yr $1037/ 5yr $5185

ProsPros

11 Cool OperationCool Operation Everyone has oneEveryone has one Everyone has oneEveryone has one

22 Variable ColorVariable Color Serviceable PartsServiceable Parts Serviceable PartsServiceable Parts

33 Long Lamp LifeLong Lamp Life Works w/ Existing Dim Works w/ Existing Dim SystemSystem



55 Quick Color ChangeQuick Color Change

ParPar

ParPar





TV Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1 yr $639/ 5 yr $3195 1yr $1037/ 5yr $5185


Supply/ FansSupply/ FansHigh Power/ HeatHigh Power/ Heat High Power/ HeatHigh Power/ Heat

22 PricePrice Short Lamp LifeShort Lamp Life Short Lamp LifeShort Lamp Life33 Possible Fan NoisePossible Fan Noise 1 Color1 Color 1 Color1 Color44 No True "White"No True "White" Color Shift While Color Shift While

DimmingDimmingColor Shift While Color Shift While

DimmingDimming55 Must choose between Must choose between

white or color for intensitywhite or color for intensityPossible filament noise Possible filament noise

or blow outor blow outPossible filament noise Possible filament noise

or blow outor blow out

WNYC Green Studio 2009System Designed by Mark London and Michael E. SteinbergLD Michael E. Steinberg

LED HMI Incandescent Type Prism Projection LED

FresnelArri 575w HMI Arri ST1 Studio 1K

Power Consumption 250 w 575 w 1000 wBrightness At Full 297.94 fc at 16’ 1211 fc at 15’ 741 fc at 15'Brightness at CC ≈297.94 fc at 16’ ≈With CTO 650.18 fc at 15’ ≈With CTB 266.76 fc at 15’

Initial Cost $4893.5045 $1,924.95 $558.50 Theatre


1yr $41/ 5yr $205 1yr $426/ 5yr $2,130 1yr $414/ 5yr $2,070


1yr $136/ 5yr $680 1yr $994/ 5yr $4,970 1yr $1,146/ 5yr $5,730

FresnelFresnel

LED HMI Incandescent Type Prism Projection LED Fresnel Arri 575w HMI Arri ST1 Studio 1K



Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $41/ 5yr $205 1yr $426/ 5yr $2,130 1yr $414/ 5yr $2,070

TV Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $136/ 5yr $680 1yr $994/ 5yr $4,970 1yr $1,146/ 5yr $5,730

ProsPros

11 Cool to the touchCool to the touch High OutputHigh Output Everyone has oneEveryone has one

22 Variable white outputVariable white output Naturally Matches Naturally Matches DaylightDaylight

Serviceable partsServiceable parts

33 Long Lamp LifeLong Lamp Life Works w/ Existing Dim Works w/ Existing Dim SystemSystem

FresnelFresnel

FresnelFresnel

LED HMI Incandescent Type Prism Projection LED Fresnel Arri 575w HMI Arri ST1 Studio 1K



Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $41/ 5yr $205 1yr $426/ 5yr $2,130 1yr $414/ 5yr $2,070

TV Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $136/ 5yr $680 1yr $994/ 5yr $4,970 1yr $1,146/ 5yr $5,730


Supply/ FansSupply/ FansHotHot HotHot

22 PricePrice Expensive Lamp Expensive Lamp Replacement costReplacement cost

Short Lamp LifeShort Lamp Life

33 Possible Fan NoisePossible Fan Noise Mechanical DimmingMechanical Dimming Single ColorSingle Color44 Barn door cuts not Barn door cuts not

always effectivealways effectiveBallast / head cable Ballast / head cable

requiredrequiredPossible filament noise or Possible filament noise or

blow outblow out55 Requires Restrike after Requires Restrike after

power interruptionpower interruption

GMA Usher Concert at the Nokia Theatre 2010Lighting Design by Niel Galen

LekoLeko

LED Plasma Incandescent

Type LEDko 36 deg Sea Changer Plasma 36 deg Source 4 36 degPower Consumption 163 w 320 w 750 wBrightness At Full 94 fc at 16' ≈484.8 fc at 15’ 404 fc at 15'Brightness at R80 ≈26.7 fc at 16' ≈43.56 fc at 15’ ≈36.36 fc at 15'

Initial Cost $2,377.00 $1,792.00 plus ETC lens train $440.00 Theatre


1yr $26/ 5yr $130 1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1yr $223/ 5yr $1,115


1yr $89/ 5yr $445 1yr $175/ 5yr $875 1yr $735/ 5yr $3,675

LED Plasma Incandescent Type LEDko 36 deg Sea Changer Plasma 36 deg Source 4 36 deg

Power Consumption 163 w 320 w 750 wBrightness At Full 94 fc at 16' ≈484.8 fc at 15’ 404 fc at 15'Brightness at R80 ≈26.7 fc at 16' ≈43.56 fc at 15’ ≈36.36 fc at 15'


Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $26/ 5yr $130 1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1yr $223/ 5yr $1,115

TV Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $89/ 5yr $445 1yr $175/ 5yr $875 1yr $735/ 5yr $3,675

ProsPros Instant color change Instant color change speedspeed

11 Cool OperationCool Operation High Output to WattsHigh Output to Watts Everyone has oneEveryone has one

22 3 Colors or Vari White 3 Colors or Vari White LED engineLED engine

1sec Color Change 1sec Color Change speedspeed

Serviceable PartsServiceable Parts

33 Long Lamp Life / no Long Lamp Life / no color costs or lamp color costs or lamp

replacementreplacement



LekoLeko

LED Plasma Incandescent Type LEDko 36 deg Sea Changer Plasma 36 deg Source 4 36 deg

Power Consumption 163 w 320 w 750 wBrightness At Full 94 fc at 16' ≈484.8 fc at 15’ 404 fc at 15'Brightness at R80 ≈26.7 fc at 16' ≈43.56 fc at 15’ ≈36.36 fc at 15'


Annual Cost/Duty Cycle 1yr $26/ 5yr $130 1yr $52/ 5yr $260 1yr $223/ 5yr $1,115



Supply/ FansSupply/ FansHeatHeat High Power/ HeatHigh Power/ Heat

22 PricePrice Bulk/weightBulk/weight Short Lamp LifeShort Lamp Life33 Possible Fan NoisePossible Fan Noise PricePrice 1 Color1 Color44 Must choose between Must choose between

white or color for intensitywhite or color for intensityColor Shift While Color Shift While

DimmingDimming55 Possible filament noise Possible filament noise

or blow outor blow out

LekoLeko

NTV Studio at Dogus Power Center Istanbul 2011System Designed by Mark London and Michael E. SteinbergLighting Design by Niel Galen

Soft LightSoft Light

LED Fluorescent Incandescent Type Galaxia KLA 595S 105w Kino Parabeam 401 1K Zip Soft Light

Power Consumption 105W 220w 1000wBrightness At Full 49.79 fc at 6’ 166 fc at 6’ 135 fc at 6’Brightness at CC ≈49.79 fc at 6’ ≈166 fc at 6’ ≈With CTB 48.6 fc at 6’



1yr $17/ 5yr $85 1yr $36/ 5yr $180 1yr $209/ 5yr $1045


1yr $57/ 5yr $285 1yr $120/ 5yr $600 1yr $696/ 5yr $3,480






ProsPros

11 Cool OperationCool Operation Cool OperationCool Operation Everyone has oneEveryone has one

22 Variable whiteVariable white Long Lamp LifeLong Lamp Life Serviceable PartsServiceable Parts

33 Low maintenance / Low maintenance / narrow profilenarrow profile

Lamp color choices Lamp color choices include 2900, 5600k as include 2900, 5600k as well as chromakey blue well as chromakey blue

and greenand green









ConsCons

11 Circuit Boards/ Power Circuit Boards/ Power SupplySupply

Different Lamps for CCDifferent Lamps for CC High Power/ HeatHigh Power/ Heat

22 PricePrice BulkyBulky Short Lamp LifeShort Lamp Life

33 Does not dim to zeroDoes not dim to zero 1 Color1 Color44 PricePrice Color Shift While Color Shift While

DimmingDimming55 Ballasts need occasional Ballasts need occasional

replacement as well as replacement as well as lampslamps

Possible filament noise Possible filament noise or blow outor blow out


Bloomberg NY Newsroom Studio On Air in 2009System Designed by Mark London and Michael E. SteinbergLighting Design by Dan Kelley

Reuter NY Studios On Air in 2008System Designed by Mark London and Michael E. SteinbergLighting Design by Michael E. Steinberg

Sustainable Lighting Infrastructure

Presented By: Steven Cullipher, LEED AP BD&C

Typical Performance Venue Lighting Systems

There are generally two primary lighting systems in a performance space

House Lighting SystemsDesigned Within Specific Parameters:

National Electric CodeIllumination standards Local and/or state energy codes

House Lighting Systems

House Lighting System Purposes:

General IlluminationTask Lighting Ambience

House Lighting Fixtures

Traditionally Standard Incandescent or Tungsten Halogen Sources.Hybrid Systems with Traditional and Fluorescent Sources.

Dimming House Lights

Historically controlled in large groups by high capacity dimmersDivided into Sections Divided By Fixture Type

Changes in House Lighting

Power LimitationsOwner Efficiency DemandsLED’s provide easy efficiency upgrades

Typical Performance Lighting Systems

The Second primary lighting system is the Stage Lighting System

Largely excluded from Energy CodesPerformance and Budget Parameters.Embraced Sustainable Lighting for it’s flexibility and efficiency.

Stage Lighting Systems

Stage Lighting System Purposes:

VisibilityLocaleCompositionMood

Stage Lighting Fixtures

Higher WattageSubtractive ColoringLimited Innovation

Types of Modern Dimming

Primary Dimmer Types:Forward Phase DimmersReverse Phase DimmersSine Wave Dimmers

Phase Control Technology

Has existed since the early 1900’s.Mainstreamed in the 1950’s with the advent of the Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)Chops parts of the sine wave out of each power cycle.

Forward Phase Dimming

Predictable Sine Wave ManipulationDelay from Zero Crossing PointSwitches from Full-Off to Full-On

Forward Phase Dimming

Forward Phase Dimming Issues:Harmonic Distortion

Reverse Phase Dimming

Can be switched on and off easily and slowlyTypically do not need inductors.Remove power from the trailing end of the power cycle.More compatible with non-linear loads (check with manufacturer).

Reverse Phase Dimmer

Issues with Reverse Phase Dimmers

HeatMaintenance on Distributed Dimming SystemsDifferent Infrastructure

Distributed Dimming

Sine Wave Dimming

Uses IGBT TechnologyRemoves a large number of much smaller portions of the sine wave.Replicates Sine Wave with Amplitude ModulationQuiet Load Operation

Sine Wave Dimmer

Considerations with Sine Wave Dimming:

ExpensiveSizeElectrical Installation EfficiencyQuiescent Load

Dimming Stage Fixtures

Early Technology Limited ControlCoincidental decrease in Cost Per Dimmer=

More DimmersGreater ControlIncreased Design Flexibility

Dimming LED Stage LightConventional Dimming unable to provide the levels of control required for multicolor fixtures.Multicolor Fixtures are usually RGB, RGBA, RGBW, RGBAW or RGBCAOIMinimum one channel of control per color.

Advantages of LED Lighting Efficiency

LED lighting is one of the most efficient methods of producing visible light.

Efficiency refers to the amount of energy that is consumed by the lighting source and converted into visible light.

Power Usage and Heat

Greatly improved Lumens per WattLess Heat LossReduced HVAC impactNo Burned Fingers!!

Other Advantages of LEDs vs. Incandescent

Longer Lamp Life No Expendable Color MediaNo Color ShiftShock Resistance

More LED Advantages

Low Toxicity Slow FailureLess Expensive Infrastructure

Disadvantages of LEDs

Cost Temperature requirementsConvergence Color Spectrum RenderingPossible Flicker

Summary

Powerful ToolLower Cost of OwnershipRetrofit Control IssuesDon’t Dump The Old Toolbox

Performance Lighting Systems Designpresented by Curtis Kasefang

Theatre Consultants Collaborative, LLC


The End Game:

• No Dimmers

• No Dimmer Room.

• Just power distribution and control.

Today

• Traditional Broadway Touring Hall

• Producing / Touring Hall

• Hybrid


Traditional Broadway Touring Hall

No control over fixture choice therefore:

• Dimmers and Relays

• Ethernet and DMX Distribution

• Large HVAC plant and Electrical feeds


Producing / Touring Hall

Some control over fixture choice therefore:

• LED based cyc lights

• Less dimmers, circuits and relays

• Expanded Ethernet and DMX Distribution

• Reduced HVAC plant and Electrical feeds


Hybrid

Studio Theatres & TV Studios have control over fixture choice therefore:

• LED based cyc lights• LED based wash fixtures• No installed dimmers ‐> No dimmer room• Installed Relays• Dimmers at focusing fixtures• Expanded Ethernet and DMX Distribution• Even more reduced HVAC plant and Electrical feeds


Tomorrow

Accepted and viable high efficiency focusing fixtures therefore:

• No installed dimmers ‐> No dimmer room

• 3 Phase feeder distribution to local breakouts

• Few dimmers at special fixtures only

• Ethernet and DMX Distribution

• Greatly reduced HVAC plant and Electrical feeds


High Efficiency = Expensive… or not



Cyc Lighting Cost Savings WorksheetCalculations


Cyc Lighting Cost Savings WorksheetParameters

Generic Studio Comparison (U of Alabama)Fixture Inventory

Generic Studio Comparison (U of Alabama)Energy Cost Savings

Cost Conclusions

• Need to look at the whole system when justifying the initial cost.• The cost of upgrade can be offset by savings in electrical and HVAC

infrastructure during new construction or major renovation.• Operational savings still offer a payback period of less than a year in

an existing television studio and under 3 years in an existing live performance venue.

• Ongoing savings are evenly split between energy and expendables.• During the 90’s power companies were giving grants for fixture

replacements that yielded a 42% energy savings, we expect similar opportunities for 80% energy savings.


Issues

Existing Halls

• Change dimmers for relay modules

• Convert control infrastructure

Operational Changes:

• Capital budgeting for fixture replacement

• Network design & administration


All Presentations Will Be Available at www.SustainablePractice.org/ldi

Greener lighting

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