ADVANCED BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES COMPILED BY : AR. PAWAN BHATT

GREEN ROOFS AND GREEN WALLS

the urban jungle

GREEN ROOF - INTRODUCTION

• A green roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completelycovered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over awaterproofing membrane. It may also include additional layerssuch as a root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems. Alsoknown as “living roofs”, green roofs serve several purposes for abuilding, such as absorbing rainwater, providing insulation,creating a habitat for wildlife, and helping to lower urban airtemperatures and combat the heat island effect.

• Green roofs are also referred to as eco-roofs, vegetatedroofs, living roofs, greenroofs and VCW(Horizontal VegetatedComplex Walls).

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• The modern use of Green Roof technologyhas been well established in Germany sincethe 1960s

• Green roof systems may be modular, withdrainage layers, filter cloth, growing mediaand plants already prepared in movable,interlocking grids, or, each component of thesystem may be installed separately.

• Green roofs can provide a wide range ofpublic and private benefits.

ROOFING ASSEMBLY GREEN ROOF COMPONENTS

1. ABOVE-MEMBRANE VEGETATED ROOF SYSTEM. These components include the vegetation,growth media, moisture retention mat,geotextile filter fabric, drainage / retentionpanel, protection fabric, and root barrier. Theabove-membrane components typically areloose-laid.

2. ROOFING BASE ASSEMBLY.These components include thewaterproofing roof membrane, protectionboard, rigid insulation, thermal barrier, andthe supporting structural roof deck. Thecomponents can be fully adhered,mechanically attached, or loose-laid andballasted.

TYPES OF GREEN ROOFS

• Green roofs can be categorized dependingon the depth of planting medium, the choiceof plants and the amount of maintenancethey need and cost.• INTENSIVE GREEN ROOF• EXTENSIVE GREEN ROOF• SEMI INTENSIVE GREEN ROOF 3

TYPES OF GREEN ROOFS

INTENSIVE ROOFS

• Traditional roof gardens, which require areasonable depth of soil to grow large plants orconventional lawns, are considered intensivebecause they are labour-intensive, requiringirrigation, and feeding. They are more park-likewith easy access and may include anything fromkitchen herbs to shrubs and small trees.

• Growth media is 8 in. (200 mm) or more in depth,ranges from 8 to 24 in. (200 to 600 mm). Theorganic content is up to 50%.

• A roof top garden or a patio is an example of anintensive roof. The saturated weight is 70 lb/sq. ftor more and irrigation is necessary in most casesand require more maintenance.

• Intensive green roof vegetation typically is morediverse and less specialized than Extensive greenroof vegetation includes ground covers, grasses,shrubs, and even small trees.

Source : Green Roof Systems-4

EXTENSIVE ROOFS,

• These roofs are covered in a light layer of vegetation and arelighter and less costly than an intensive green roof, designedto be self-sustaining and require minimum of maintenance(usually after two or three growing seasons). once-yearlyweeding or slow-release fertilizer to boost growth.

• Only accessed for maintenance, established on a very thinlayer of soil (most use specially formulated composts): e.g. athin layer of Rockwool laid directly onto a watertight roofcan support a planting of Sedum species and mosses.

• Growth media is less than 6 in. (150 mm) in depth, usuallyranges from 3 to 6 in. (75 to 150 mm), with a saturatedweight of 15-30 lb/sq. ft. the organic content can range from8% to 25%.

• Extensive green roof are not accessible roofs since thevegetation does not support foot traffic consists of low-growing, herbaceous (non-woody) plants. Plants used havecharacteristics such as wind resistance, frost resistance,drought resistance, resistance to radiation, a shallow rootsystem, and good regenerative capabilities. However,specialty plants, such as Sedums.

• Due to the low maintenance requirements, this is the roof ofchoice for building owners looking to reduce costs andimprove the environment.

Source : live Roof Systems

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6Source : Green Roof Systems-

SEMI INTENSIVE GREEN ROOFS

• This is a hybrid system, composed of both Extensive and Intensive green roof characteristics.

• Usually 6-12 inches deep with a saturated weight of 30-50 lb/sq. ft. irrigation is necessarydepends on the regional climate and on the type of plants used.

• Shrubs, perennials, herbs and grases can be used on semi-intensive roofs.

LIVEROOF TECHNOLOGY - MODULAR GREEN ROOF SYSTEM

• The primary benefit of modular systems over traditional green roofs isthat they are inexpensive to install and can be relocated if roofmaintenance is required, and require less site preparation.

• The Company states:

“Each LiveRoof® module arrives to the job site with full- grown plantsinside the container and is simply set in place on the rooftop. The uniquepatent-pending Soil Elevators ™ are then removed for a seamless fit. Noneed to start with a brown roof and farm it for years, waiting for it tobecome a green roof.”

• LiveRoof® is a modular green roof system, uses Soil Elevator™ andMoisture Portal™ technology to unite the entire soil continuum fornatural sharing of water, nutrients and beneficial organisms, avoidscompartmentalizing the growing medium into unnatural ‘grids’.

• Elevated concrete walkways can be installed for maintenance purposes,supplementary irrigation, along with roof edge for gutters and otherdrains.

• The LiveRoof® system weighs approximately 27-29lbs./sq. ft. (with amedia depth of 4”) when fully vegetated and saturated.

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LIVEROOF - AN OVERVIEW

STEP 1First; the grower inserts the LiveRoof® Soil Elevator™ into LiveRoof® module.

STEP 2LiveRoof® module is filled to the top of Soil Elevator™ with LiveRoof® engineered growing medium.

STEP 3LiveRoof® Plants are grown to maturity above the LiveRoof® module.

STEP 4Installer sets LiveRoof® modules tightly in place on the roof within LiveRoof® recommended edge treatments.

STEP 5LiveRoof® Soil Elevator™ is removed for a beautiful, seamless instantly mature green roof.

STEP 6Water thoroughly to settle any loose growing medium and to get your LiveRoof® off to a great start.

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LIVEROOF DELIVERY AND INSTALLATION

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LIVE ROOF IRRIGATION SYSTEM, PARAPET DETAIL AND DRAIN APPLICATION

MOISTURE RETENTION MAT

• Is used to provide moisture to growth media andplant roots, made of recycled polypropylene fibersstitched to a needle-punched, thermoplastic fabricsheet carrier, installed loose-laid, allowed forunobstructed root.

DRAINAGE PANEL AND FILTER FABRIC

• Allow for proper drainage of water from growthmedia and retain water for root system during dryperiods.

• FILTER FABRIC prevent fine particles from beingwashed out of the growth media into the underlyingdrainage panel, Made from thermoplastic fibers.

ROOT BARRIER

• provide protection from plant root migration underwaterproofing membranes, thermoplastics such asPVC, TPO, and polyethylene are commonly used.

PROTECTION FABRIC

• protect the root barrier and waterproofingmembrane from damage due to hardscape materialsand drainage panel edges.

• water-permeable, durable synthetic fiber materialwith good resistance to puncture. 14

ROOFING COMPONENTS

Drainage Board

Retention Mat

WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE

• fluid-applied asphalt-based membranes,thermoplastic (PVC or TPO) single-plymembranes, or thermoset polymer-based(EPDM) single-ply membranes.

PROTECTION BOARD

• Fire and thermal barrier properties ofprotection board is of particular importance.

INSULATION BOARD

• support the weight of the saturated green roof,hardscape materials superimposed roof liveloads, and environmental loads. For deepsystems with two separate layers of insulationare provided.

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LiveRoof® Engineered Green Roof Soil.

• LiveRoof® Engineered Green Roof Soil™ is designed to beapproximately 94 % inorganic by dry weight, weighsapproximately 27 to 29 lbs./sq. ft. fully saturated at 4" depthwhen fully vegetated.

Drainage for Roots.

• The drain slots in LiveRoof® system are located at lowest pointin the container and the sides of the pedestals for effectivedrainage. There are no water reservoirs to cause root rot.

Irrigation.Irrigating, even once per month during protracted dry weather. Initial watering requires about 1 1/4 gallons of water per module.

• LiveRoof® green roof surfaces can absorb up to 99% of a1” rainfall, reduce storm water runoff.

• LiveRoof plants require significantly less than 50% of typicalirrigation, and in some climates require little or nosupplemental irrigation.

Maintenance.

• LiveRoof® can be maintained for $0.15 to $0.30 per square foot

• Green roofs protect the roof from the sun, wind, heat, and coldand can extend the life of the roof by up to 40 years.

Module life

• The LiveRoof® module’ life is for 20 years from installation,surrounded by edging, Roof Stone pavers or parapet. DRAINAGE SLOTS ENGINEERED SOIL

Leaktest

• Before installation of liveroof. a standing water leak test isdone with 2 in. (50 mm) of standing water for a period of 24hours with blocked drains.

• If leakage occur after installation, a leak detection-electronic vector mapping can be done at $0.75 per sq.ft.

Energy Saving

• Green roofs protect the roof from the sun, wind, heat, andcold, Reduces air conditioning costs by 25% to 50%, (for thefloor under the green roof).

Eliminate heat island effect

• The LiveRoof® system acts like a protective umbrella abovethe roof to shade and insulate buildings, avoiding the heatisland effect associated with traditional rooftops.

Sound insulation

• reduce indoor sound by as much as 40 decibels.

Cost- Depending on the size of the roof, labor, and access to theroof, the cost can vary from $12-$20 sq ft (extensive system)$30 -$40 sq ft (intensive system)

Leed Credit

• LiveRoof can contribute to over 20 LEED points, dependingon the size of the green roof and the degree to which thevarious features described above are incorporated into theoverall building design.

16CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre ,

Hyderabad

INTRODUCTION – GREEN WALLS

• A green wall is a wall, either free-standing or part of a

building, that is partially or completely covered with

vegetation and, in some cases, soil or an inorganic growing

medium.

• They are also referred to as living walls, biowalls, vertical

gardens or more scientifically VCW (Vertical Vegetated

Complex Walls).

CATEGORIES OF GREEN WALLS

• Green façade (climbing plants ): climbing plants eithergrowing directly on a wall or on supporting structures. Theplant shoot grows up the side of the building, rooted in theground. take 3-5 years before achieving full coverage. such asEnglish Ivy. Two green facade systems that are frequentlyused are Modular Trellis Panel and Cable and Wire-RopeNet systems.

• Living wall ( Modular panel systems ): Modular systemsconsist of square or rectangular panels that hold growingmedia to support plant material. Most of the nutrientrequirements for the plants can be found in the growingmedia within the modules.

Above: Ivy attaches to a building usingaggressive adhesive suckers or climbing rootsthat can damage surfaces and enter voids andcracks. Source: greenscreen®

Close up of Modular Trellis Panelsystem. Souce: greenscreen®

MODULAR TRELLIS PANEL SYSTEM (greenscreen®)

• greenscreen® is a three-dimensional, welded wiretrellising system. The distinctive modular trellis panel isthe building block of greenscreen.® The trellis comes inmodular units that mount to the wall with clips in a gridsystem. The trellis can also be freestanding.

• Rigid and lightweight panels are made from recycledcontent steel galvanized wire and finished with a bakedon powder coat for durability.

• Modular Panels - Standard Sizes:width: 48” widelength: 6’, 8’, 10’, 12’, 14’depth: 2" or 3”

• ColorsOur standard powder coated colors are gloss; green,black, silver, white; matte; wrinkle green or wrinkleblack. Custom colors are available.

• Cost :The cost is $9 - $12 per square foot installed, notincluding the plants. (If the wall is 20’ wide x 12’ tall, thetotal cost would be $2160 - $2880.)

Wall Mounted Trellis Panel

• Accessories hold greenscreen® trellispanels off the building surface,protecting the building’s water-proofmembrane from direct plantattachment and transferring the weightof the plants to the screen structureand the wall.

• Panels can be stacked side to side ortop to bottom to cover larger areas.

Freestanding Trellis Fence

• Freestanding Trellis Fence with wire truss configurationcan be used as a security fence, privacy screen, shadeelement, or three-dimensional enclosure.

• Light in weight but strong, three inch screen depth“captures” plant material and provides the benefits of aliving fence or tapestry that can be enjoyed from bothsides.

• 2” modular grid simplifies the design process andensures accurate field installation.

MODULAR PANEL SYSTEM FOR GREEN WALL

CONCEPT

“On a load-bearing wall or structure is placed a metal framethat supports a PVC plate 10 mm (0.39 in) thick, on which arestapled two layers of polyamide felt each 3 mm (0.12 in)thick. These layers mimic cliff-growing mosses and aresupport the roots of many plants. A network of pipescontrolled by valves provides a nutrient solution containingdissolved minerals needed for plant growth. The felt is soakedby capillary action with this nutrient solution, which flowsdown the wall by gravity. The roots of the plants take up thenutrients they need, and excess water is collected at thebottom of the wall by a gutter before being re-injected intothe network of pipes: the system works in a closed circuit.Plants are chosen for their ability to grow on this type ofenvironment and depending on available light.”

• "The whole weight of the Vertical Garden, including plantsand metal frame, is lower than 30 kg per square meter. Thusthe Vertical Garden can be implemented on any wall withoutany size or limitation of height.“

-By Patrick Blanc ( botanist ) An example of a modular living wall.Source: Green Living Technologies

• GROW PLANTS WITHOUT SOIL…

– Vegetation needs water with dissolved minerals, light andcarbon dioxide to grow .

– soil make whole construction too heavy, materials like felt areused as a surface for the plants to grow which is mouldresistant, long lasting and have ability to distribute the water tothe plants.

• THE TECHNOLOGY AND IMPLEMENTATION BEHIND THE WALL…..

– plants must be chosen carefully have ability to remove toxinsfrom the air, water and lighting needs can vary.

– planting medium resistant against mould, holds the plants inplace and let air to the roots must be chosen.

– For the irrigation of the wall a lot of small drip irrigation systemsare used.

• IRRIGATION ON THE WALL…….

– The irrigation system hidden behind the panels made of small pipes which supply water directly to the plants.

– Minerals and fertilizers can be added to the water to ensure the health of the plants.

• Notice of between 12 –18 months may be required to secure pre-grown modular systems.

• There are five components to maintaining a green wall to includelocation, structural inspections, irrigation, drainage and plantmaintenance.

ELT Easy Green™ LivingConcept of light weight roof and vertical gardens in India

ELT EASY GREEN® LIVING WALL PANELS

• Each panel consists of 45 individual cells. Each cellhas notches in the bottom surface of the cell to allowaeration.

• The notches do not extend completely to the back ofthe cell; this provides a water retention zone in eachcell reducing the irrigation requirements.

• A chamber at the top of the panel collects waterfrom the irrigation emitter line and directs it into thepanel cells.

• Each panel has a horizontal support channel formedinto the back to carry and disperse the weight evenlyacross the panel.

• The system is made to face high wind velocity andthe life of panels is assured as 5 or 15 years.

• Vegetation life is for the period of 1 year.

Material

• The material used for the panel is UV resistant 100%recyclable black HDPE (High Density Polyethylene). Itis one of the few plastics that can be recycled backinto itself fully.

• This material is very resistant to chemicals found infertilizers ensuring a very long product life span.

• Life of Modules ranges from 10 to 15 years

Wall Panel Cells. Source: ELT India Enterprise

Wall Panel Cells. Source: ELT India Enterprise

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A large parking structure with a cable system green facade. Source: Jakob

Musée de Quai Branly in ParisSource: greenscreen®An example of a modular living wall.Source: Green Living Technologies

Source: ELT Easy Green

BENEFITS OF GREEN ROOF AND GREEN WALLS

• ENERGY SAVINGS : A green roof decreasesheating and cooling load on the building byincreasing the thermal resistance value of roof inwinters and, in summer, cooling the roof byevaporation. Reduce air conditioning cost upto25-50% (for the floor under the green roof).extent of the energy cost savings is a function of:the size of building, location, the depth ofgrowing medium, and type of plants and othervariables.

• ROOF MEMBRANE PROTECTION AND LIFEEXTENSION : A green roof doubles life of theroofing membrane up to 40 years by protectingit from harmful UV rays, punctures, and extremetemperature fluctuations.It reduces thebuilding’s maintenance cost significantly.

• SOUND INSULATION : growing medium blockinglower frequencies of sound, and the plantsblocking the higher frequencies. 12 cm (5") ofgrowing medium alone can reduce sound by 40db.

• FIRE RESISTANCE : green roofs slows the spreadof fire to and from the building through the roof,with saturated medium. 25

URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT : Green roofsintercept the solar radiation, converted into heat,absorb and/or deflect them so that it does notproduce heat. improving energy conservation.STORM WATER RETENTION : Green roofs reducesthe amount of storm water runoff from building’sroof. the amount of water a green roof can retainis 60 to 100 percent of the storm water theyreceive and release it over the course of severalhours. plants filter pollutants from the stormwater, enhancing the water quality.AIR CLEANING : Green roofs filter out fine,airborne particulate matter, absorb gaseouspollutants.CREATION OF HABITAT : Green roofs help supportlocal wildlife as alternative habitats for somespecies of birds, plants and insects.VISUAL/AESTHETICS BENEFITSthe visual impact of green roof often increasesthe value of the property. creates an invitingatmosphere that also helps a non-residentialproperty blend into the surroundings of aresidential community better.GREEN ROOF AND WALLS CONTRIBUTE TOACHIEVE LEED CREDITS.

• The main disadvantage of green roofs is the higherinitial cost.

• Some types of green roofs demand structuralstandards especially in seismic regions of theworld.

• Some existing buildings cannot be retrofitted withcertain kinds of green roof because of the weightload of the substrate and vegetation exceedspermitted static loading.

• Depending on what kind of green roof it is, themaintenance costs could be higher, but sometypes of green roof have little or no ongoing cost.

• Some kinds of green roofs also place higherdemands on the waterproofing system of thestructure both because water is retained on theroof and due to the possibility of roots penetratingthe waterproof membrane.

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DISADVANTAGES

• www.liveroof.com

• www.greenscreen.com

• “Prevegetated Invisible-Modular Green RoofSystem” Livereaf. 27 Nov. 2009<http://www.liveroof.com/>.

• “Green Roof Research Program.” MichiganState University. 30 Nov. 2009http://www.hrt.msu.edu/greenroof/#Benefits of green roofs

• Service learning project: green roof at thesummit united Methodist church 82 e. 16thave Columbus, Ohio 43201

• Design guidelines for green roofs by Steven Peck and Monica Kuhn, B.E.S., B. Arch, O.A.A.

• Green Roofs for Healthy Cities: Introduction to Green Walls – www.greenroofs.org

REFERENCES

IndiaELT IndiaShop No. 9, Sunflower Building,Near Hotel WazwanBaner, Pune 411045Maharashtra IndiaContact No. 0091-9923020000 or 0091-9923204700eltindia@elteasygreen.com

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Green Living™ Technologies (GLT)1151 Titus Avenue Ste 8Rochester, NY 14617 USAhttp://www.agreenroof.com

GREEN ROOF BLOCKS10 Bay Oaks CourtLake Saint Louis, MO 63367 USAhttp://www.greenroofblocks.comMMA Architectural Systems Ltd

Broadway House, Unit 5,Second Avenue, Westfield Industrial EstateMidsomer NortonSomerset, BA3 4BHTel: 0845 1300 135Fax: 0845 1300 136Email: sales@jakob.co.uk

Greenwalls Modular Planting Systemsinfo@greenwalls.com800.524.7081760 Vandalia Street, Suite 100St. Paul, MN 55114

Green Roof Technology210 N. Hickory Av.Bel Air, MD 21014Phone: 443-345-1578Fax: 443-345-1533

NaturewallVia di Casaglia, 4940135 Bologna Italytel: (+39) 051 7401582Fax (+39) 051 0621152

BRANDS AND COMPANIES

LiveRoof, LLC a subsidiary of Hortech, Inc.PO Box 533Spring Lake, MI 49456(800) 875-1392+ 1 (616) 842-1392Fax +1 (616) 842-3273sales@liveroof.comUSA

ADVANCED BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES COMPILED BY : AR. PAWAN BHATT

“Modern buildings consume almost 40 percent ofglobal energy and 30 percent of domestic water.These also generate huge amount of waste bothduring construction and later during operation.Green Buildings cut all these to half or less.”

THANK YOU….