A joint project between

GMC

Green Mobile Communications

A joint project between

Auroville & IIIT, Bangalore

In partnership with

Telecom Centers of Excellence

Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research

TCOE, JIPMER and Pondicherry Engineering College

Agenda

• Introduction

• Concerns about EMR

• Motivation for GMC

• GMC Zone at Auroville• GMC Zone at Auroville

• Coverage and deployment

• Specifications and goals

• Stake holders

• Concluding remarks

26 July 2011 2

Wireless miracle?

26 July 2011 3

Electromagnetic Radiation

• Cell Towers– Safe limit for radiation

– Cell size

• Cell phones• Cell phones– Radiated power ( proportional to R2)

– Proximity

• Electromagnetic pollution – Depends on the total energy from BTS and cell

phones: function of safe limit/cell size, BTS, active

cell phones, range and call duration

26 July 2011 4

Safe exposure limits of EMRμW/m2 Source

O

U

T

D

O

4,700,000 ICNIRP 1998

1,000 Austria

1,000 BioInitiative Working Group (2007)

170 Seletun Consensus Statement (2010)O

O

R

10 Health Department , Salzburg (2002)

I

N

100 BioInitiative Working Group (2007)

1 Health Department , Salzburg (2002)

< 0.1 Building Biology /’No concern’

Sleeping areas (2008)

26 July 2011 5

Increasing concerns about EMR

• 1998, ICNIRP - No long term effects

•2010, Inter Ministerial Committee - Current

limits not sufficiently protective of public health

• May 2011, Council of Europe - Reconsider the • May 2011, Council of Europe - Reconsider the

scientific basis and apply precautionary

principle, Protect children, Potentially harmful

to environment

• May 2011, WHO- Possibly carcinogenic to

humans (Group 2B)26 July 2011 6

Carbon foot print

• As per TRAI Consultation paper 3 Feb 2011,

the carbon foot print due to the electrical

power and diesel generators used for cell

towers used is estimated to be 13 million towers used is estimated to be 13 million

tons.

• The cost is ~ Rs15,000 crores

• Mobile towers are expected to double in the

coming 5-7 years

26 July 2011 7

Why GMC?

• Beyond carbon footprint

• Apply ‘Precautionary Principle’ to EMR in

experimenting with ‘safe limits’

• Minimize electromagnetic pollution • Minimize electromagnetic pollution

• Practical research in electromagnetic pollution

26 July 2011 8

Goals of GMC

• Provide basic mobile communication services

while addressing all factors contributing to

electromagnetic pollution.

• Reduce cell size down to 0.5 – 1 Km (20 to • Reduce cell size down to 0.5 – 1 Km (20 to

30dB)

• Reduce over-the-public-air radiated energy

– Public /private air spaces (10 to30 dB)

– Strategies to reduce call density and energy

26 July 2011 9

Approach• Lower limits of EMR, in a phased manner, and

eventually operate at levels considered to be

‘completely safe’ for humans, flora and fauna.

• Use Solar/Fuel Cell Power to minimize carbon foot

printprint

• Practical research

– Modeling, reducing and minimizing EM pollution

– Quantify health of the population, flora and fauna in GMC

zone as a control group

– Transparently record, monitor, analyze and publish results

objectively and credibly.

26 July 2011 10

GMC Target Specifications

Phase Radiation limits in micro Watts/ m2

Outdoor Indoor

1 100 10

2* 10 12* 10 1

3* 1 0.1

26 July 2011 11

* Review specs for phase 2 and 3 after phase 1

Link Budget

• Free space model

• Pt=50mW

• 1 Km Max Range

• -102dBm Rx sensitivity

• 20 dB losses

µW/m2µW/m2µW/m2

µW/m2

26 July 2011 12

• 20 dB losses

• 10 dB link margin

Received signal is 13dB

above the receiver

sensitivity at 1KmMeters

GMC Architecture

SIP ServerIP Phones

CAN

26 July 2011 13

Service ProviderPSTN POTS Exchange

Mobile Switch

& BSC

Mobile

PhonesPLMN

CAN

Femto/pico

cells

Phones

Low Power

BTS

Auroville

Founded by The Mother in 1968

International city of human unity

• Goals

� Human Unity

� Education, Spiritual & Material

Research

14

Research

� Integral Development

• UNESCO endorsed the goals and

directions on many occasions

• Current population 2,250 from 46

countries; projected to grow to

50,000 by 2025

26 July 2011

1968

15

2010

16

Eco friendly transportation

Renewable Energy

Solar cooker

18

Initiatives to reduce EMR

• Highly EMR conscious society as part of the

commitment to sustainable development

• Green Waves (Radiation Awareness Group)

• Prevented installation of antennas in the • Prevented installation of antennas in the

township area till November 2010

• ICITI (Integrated Communications and IT

Infrastructure) – convergence, eco-

friendliness, ICT4D to reverse urban migration

• Annular shape caters to ‘buffer zone’26 July 2011 19

INTERNETDSLAM BSNL

ExchangeCore 10G

Distribution 1G

Servers

Router

Mobile Switch

ICITI Architecture

PSTN

PLMN

SIP Server

Access 100M

20

Bioregion

26 July 2011

Required Coverage

Deployment

26 July 2011 22

Partnerships

• International Institute of Information

Technology, Bangalore

• Pondicherry Engineering College

• Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Post Graduate • Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Post Graduate

Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry

• Pondicherry University

• Low Power GSM Equipment vendor (VNL)

• Centre for Scientific Research

• Telecom Centers of Excellence

26 July 2011 23

Challenges in wider deployment

• Increase in number of BTS

– Equipment cost, Cell sites, Aesthetics

• Wired backhaul

• Mini cell handover and QoS

26 July 2011 24

• Mini cell handover and QoS

• New sites may be easier

• Timeline issues (?) as public health issues are

involved

Grey areas

• Shared infrastructure to reduce capital cost as

well as EM pollution

• Roaming

• Workable and cost effective convergence

26 July 2011 25

• Workable and cost effective convergence

solution

What GMC Needs

• Recognize and endorse the goals & objectives

• A cooperative model with all stake holders

leading to formulation of Auroville as a pilot

GMC Zone with phase 1 specs

26 July 2011 26

GMC Zone with phase 1 specs

• Partnership with a service provider

• ICITI as a platform for convergence

• Funding

Conclusion

• A unique, timely, ‘True Green’ Mobile

Communications Zone to address health and

environmental concerns & demonstrate that

mobile communications can be provided with

26 July 2011 27

mobile communications can be provided with

low electromagnetic & carbon footprints

• Experimental research in the field of EM

pollution and share the knowledge/wisdom

• First phase cost ~ Rs 1.25 crores

THANK YOU

26 July 2011 28

THANK YOU